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Review Article
Pros and Cons of Different Irrigation Scheduling Approaches: A Review
Addisu Asefa*
,
Minda Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
91-96
Received:
6 July 2024
Accepted:
21 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.bio.20241206.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Scheduling irrigation involves making a decision of how much water to apply and when. Three factors enter into the decision: water needs of the plants, water availability, and storing capacity of the soil around the roots. When to irrigate should be greatly influenced by water needs of the plants. Irrigation scheduling (IS) aims to give plants the right amount of water at the right times in order to promote plant growth and achieve high yield and/or quality. The four most popular ways of operating irrigation scheduling includes: evapotranspiration and water balance (ET-WB), soil moisture status, plant water status, and models based irrigation scheduling. When the four types of irrigation scheduling systems are thoroughly examined, it becomes clear that they are all centered on soil moisture, which serves as a link or bridge between crop water needed for growth and irrigation management). A few studies have been accomplished on pros and cons of different irrigation scheduling approaches. The purpose of this review was to provide some information on pros and cons of four selected irrigation scheduling methods, viz: evapotranspiration and water balance (ET-WB), soil moisture status, plant water status, and models based irrigation scheduling. When the four types of irrigation scheduling systems are thoroughly examined, it becomes clear that they are all centered on soil moisture, which serves as a link or bridge between crop water needed for growth and irrigation management. Plant-based techniques can need professional oversight since farmers may find it difficult to understand the tracked data, which reduces the dependability of irrigation. When built software or a procedure is based on a well-calibrated model, model-based methods are simpler for users. When compared to the soil moisture sample irrigation scheduling approach, the evapotranspiration losses irrigation scheduling method uses less irrigation water regardless of the minimal yield difference.
Abstract: Scheduling irrigation involves making a decision of how much water to apply and when. Three factors enter into the decision: water needs of the plants, water availability, and storing capacity of the soil around the roots. When to irrigate should be greatly influenced by water needs of the plants. Irrigation scheduling (IS) aims to give plants the ...
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Review Article
Probiotics Application in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Enhancement of Efficacy Through Genetic Engineering
Betemariam Kebede*,
Adeba Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
97-115
Received:
30 August 2024
Accepted:
7 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: The development of multidrug resistance in most pathogenic microorganisms and the rapidly increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases are becoming major health concerns worldwide. Among non-communicable diseases, autoimmune diseases are caused mainly by imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Gut microbiota colonization and immune system establishment started in the early years of life. A defect in the gut microbiota predominantly affects the proper functioning of immune cells. Hence, restoring gut dysbiosis has received considerable attention for the last few decades as a potential therapeutic option. In this regard, probiotics have been the focus of research during recent decades because of their safe history of use along with fermented foods and beverages. Currently, advanced research is being conducted on the use of probiotics as immunomodulatory mediators and for the amelioration of gut dysbiosis as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In addition, probiotics are genetically engineered to enhance treatment efficacy and to develop live biotherapeutics (LBP). In this review, research articles summarizing findings in autoimmune disease treatment via probiotic strains, emphasizing type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease in both clinical trials and animal models, were reviewed. Finally, promising results of genetic engineering of probiotics for use as biosensors, delivery of therapeutic proteins, and diagnosis of infections were reported.
Abstract: The development of multidrug resistance in most pathogenic microorganisms and the rapidly increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases are becoming major health concerns worldwide. Among non-communicable diseases, autoimmune diseases are caused mainly by imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Gut microbiota colonization and immune syst...
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Research Article
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Gemechis Biratu*,
Motuma Debelo,
Tadale Tolosa,
Walde Abdisa,
Moti Wagari,
Dasalegn Mardasa,
Dagne Guta,
Walde Abdisa
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
116-127
Received:
6 January 2024
Accepted:
6 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Research Article
Analysis of Clinical Data on the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with BMPRP
Baochi Liu*,
Xiong Gao,
Yuanhuai Chen,
Ruping Zheng,
Qiqiang Dong,
Jingbo Wang
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
128-134
Received:
28 October 2024
Accepted:
27 November 2024
Published:
7 December 2024
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing the efficacy of bone marrow platelet-rich plasma (BMPRP) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this clinical investigation, autologous bone marrow was harvested from participants, followed by the isolation of BMPRP. Patients then underwent ultrasound-guided infusion of BMPRP directly into the pancreas. The follow-up period for evaluating treatment outcomes spanned one year, during which various factors potentially affecting the therapeutic effects were systematically analyzed. Results: A total of 49 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus received BMPRP pancreatic infusion as a treatment modality. Among these patients, 32 demonstrated a positive response to the therapy, while 17 experienced no significant improvement. Notably, in the effective treatment group, fasting blood glucose levels exhibited a significant reduction after one month of intervention. Additionally, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels showed a substantial decrease at the three-month mark, and a gradual decline in insulin dosage requirements was observed over time. In contrast, changes in C-peptide levels were not pronounced. Analysis of the ineffective treatment group revealed that these patients often had obesity, demonstrated minimal physical activity, and did not adhere to dietary recommendations for carbohydrate control. Conclusion: The findings suggest that BMPRP pancreatic infusion can improve pancreatic function and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. However, for optimal outcomes, it is crucial to combine this therapy with a regimen that includes regular exercise and strict management of carbohydrate intake. This multifaceted approach promises to enhance the effectiveness of BMPRP therapy and contribute to better overall management of type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing the efficacy of bone marrow platelet-rich plasma (BMPRP) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this clinical investigation, autologous bone marrow was harvested from participants, followed by the isolation of BMPRP. Patients then underwent ultraso...
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