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Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Alkaloids from Plumeria alba Flowers against Food Borne Pathogens
Sibi G.,
Apsara Venkategowda,
Lepakshi Gowda
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
1-6
Received:
4 August 2014
Accepted:
7 August 2014
Published:
19 August 2014
Abstract: Many plants have been identified for their applications in preventing food pathogens but identification of active compounds are yet to be defined in most cases. The objective of this study was to explore the potential alkaloids from Plumeria alba and their activity against food pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. A total of six food borne pathogens namely Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium MTCC 3224, and Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 were tested against the alkaloid extract from P. alba flowers under in vitro conditions. Antibacterial assay was evaluated using well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were tested by broth microdilution method. Alkaloid profile of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values revealed that Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 was found to be the most sensitive organism (7.5 µg ml-1) followed by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (15 µg ml-1). Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 was more resistant to the extract with an MIC value of > 60 µg ml-1. Examination of the alkaloid profile of Plumeria alba flowers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry resulted in the presence of 11 alkaloids of which 3 isoquinoline alkaloids, 2 pyridine alkaloids, 1 indole alkaloid, 1 vinca alkaloid and 1 resperine alkaloid were identified. According to the results, S. flexneri was found to be the most susceptible organism and it can be concluded that formulation of antimicrobial drugs containing P. alba flower extract to control food borne pathogens is feasible.
Abstract: Many plants have been identified for their applications in preventing food pathogens but identification of active compounds are yet to be defined in most cases. The objective of this study was to explore the potential alkaloids from Plumeria alba and their activity against food pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. A total of six food borne patho...
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In Vitro Studies on Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Cytotoxic Potential of Parmelia Perlata
Hafizur Rahman,
Vijaya B,
Soumya Ghosh,
Geetika Pant,
Sibi G
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
7-10
Received:
13 August 2014
Accepted:
15 August 2014
Published:
24 August 2014
Abstract: New drug preparations of natural origin are in need due to the numerous side effects and resistance development through the continuous and uncontrolled use of synthetic drugs. Lichens are reported to have manifold biological activities and in this study, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and cytotoxic potential of Parmelia perlata were assessed. Methanolic extract of P. perlata was prepared and used in DPPH assay, total phenolic content and total antioxidant potential assays. In vitro anti-cholesterol and cytotoxic assay using HCT 116 cell lines were performed. The results revealed that P. perlata contain high phenolic contents and antioxidant potential. Simvastatin was used as standard drug and the extracts demonstrated 48% anti-cholesterol activity. MTT assay using colon cancer cell lines (HCT 116) produced dose dependent cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 202.1 µg ml-1.
Abstract: New drug preparations of natural origin are in need due to the numerous side effects and resistance development through the continuous and uncontrolled use of synthetic drugs. Lichens are reported to have manifold biological activities and in this study, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and cytotoxic potential of Parmelia perlata were assessed. Methanol...
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Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Plumeria alba L. and Plumeria rubra L.
Hafizur Rahman,
Vijaya Badra Reddy,
Soumya Ghosh,
Sandeep Kumar Mistry,
Geetika Pant,
Sibi G.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
11-15
Received:
12 August 2014
Accepted:
3 September 2014
Published:
17 September 2014
Abstract: Methanolic flower extracts of Plumeria alba and P. rubra were tested for in vitro antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity and hypolipidemic activities. DPPH assay of methanolic extract of Plumeria revealed that 81% and 72% inhibition by P. alba and P. rubra respectively and the total phenolic content was found as 173.9 µg ml-1 and 167.3 µg ml-1. Significant free radical scavenging activities of 1.74 mg ml-1and 1.67 mg ml-1 were observed due to the higher phenolic content. Anti-chlolesterol assay of the extracts demonstrated P. rubra has highest hypolipidemic activity (60%) followed by P. alba (52%). MTT assay using HCT 116 cell lines revealed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of P. alba with an IC50 value of 259.9 µg ml-1. Plumeria species could be a new source of drugs for the treatment of colon cancer and hyperlipidemic conditions due to higher antioxidant potential and phenolic content which was revealed from the study.
Abstract: Methanolic flower extracts of Plumeria alba and P. rubra were tested for in vitro antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity and hypolipidemic activities. DPPH assay of methanolic extract of Plumeria revealed that 81% and 72% inhibition by P. alba and P. rubra respectively and the total phenolic content was found as 173.9 µg ml-1 and 167.3 µg ml-1. Signif...
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Variations in Biochemical Attributes of Cassia tora L. and C. auriculata L. under Temperature Stress
Geetika Pant,
Sibi G.,
Sangeetha Annie George,
Shubha Bhadran,
Ugam Chauhan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
16-21
Received:
16 August 2014
Accepted:
3 September 2014
Published:
17 September 2014
Abstract: Plants continuously struggle for survival under various environmental abiotic stress conditions, specifically high temperature. Fourteen-day-old seedlings of Cassia tora and Cassia auriculata were subjected to differential temperature stress treatments at 30ºC, 37ºC, 42°C and 44°C for 16 h each. Various biochemical parameters viz reducing sugars, total protein, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme system were assessed and found to be increased under high temperature stress. The amount of reducing sugars, total protein and chlorophyll were remarkably increased in both the Cassia species at 42ºC. The POX activity was more profound in C. tora (0.41 U/mg) than C. auriculata (0.24 U/mg) at 42°C. However, the activity of Catalase in both the species recorded a similar effect with a maximum value of 0.39 and 0.43 U/mg in C. tora and C. auriculata respectively. Similarly, SOD percentage inhibition activity increased significantly at 42°C for C. tora and C. auriculata showing a noticeable trend of inhibition of 85.23% and 86.89% respectively. Thus it can be concluded that various osmolytes and an efficient antioxidative system play a key role in generating tolerance against temperature stress and maintaining homeostasis to withstand the maximum range for survival at 42ºC in Cassia seedlings.
Abstract: Plants continuously struggle for survival under various environmental abiotic stress conditions, specifically high temperature. Fourteen-day-old seedlings of Cassia tora and Cassia auriculata were subjected to differential temperature stress treatments at 30ºC, 37ºC, 42°C and 44°C for 16 h each. Various biochemical parameters viz reducing sugars, t...
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Healing Effects of Wheat Grass (Triticum aestivum L) Extracts on RBC Membrane Damage
Sudhakar Malla,
Manish Kumar Mourya,
Debashree Halder,
Fatemeh Gomroki,
Hamzah basil Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
22-27
Received:
11 August 2014
Accepted:
12 September 2014
Published:
15 October 2014
Abstract: The study was mainly designed to validate the healing effects of wheat grass on RBC membrane damage. RBC membrane damage can be due to several factors, of which the free radical damage takes a major part. Many medicinal herbs have been used in study to find out their potential role in healing effects and at the same time in scavenging the free radicals. Several works were proved of the possible role of the flavonoids and phenols in the healing effects. A detailed study was done on the extracts of wheat grass in relation to its healing effects on the RBC membrane damage. The fractions (Chloroform & Methanol) were initially screened for the Phenolics and Flavonoids and then estimated for the total polyphenols. Further, the fractions were used for tested for the invitro experiments on the rat blood sample. % inhibition of Haemolysis, Chelating activity and SH group measurement are tested with the evaluated fractions. The plant responded positive for both the phytochemicals screened. The results of Folin –Ciocalteu total phenols photometric assay showed that the Methanol fraction was shown to contain more polyphenols (41%), than the chloroform fraction. Both the chloroform and methanol extracts showed the inhibition of haemolysis. Percent inhibition of haemolysis was dose dependent in both the fractions. The IC50 values of chloroform and methanol are 1.689 mg/ml and 2.481 mg/ml respectively. The IC50 values were calculated from the equation of slope (Y=mx+c), where Y is taken as 50. The SH group content showed an abrupt decrease in the presence of the SH group inhibitor Tetrathionate. The control showed a high value normally. When the samples containing Tetrathionate were preincubated with the chloroform and methanol extracts, the values showed an abrupt increase in respect to the Tetrathionate treated samples. This increase in the values from 195 to about 326 and 389 showed the healing effects of the extracts. Methanol extract showed a high healing effect when compared to the chloroform extract. This healing effect might be due to the presence of phenolic in high content. Past studies have been done on Wheat grass in relation to their total phenolics and flavonoids. At the same phenolics were used in studying against the RBC membrane damage. Our study suggests that the wheat grass can be used as a better and novel therapeutic agent in healing the RBC membrane damage induced by free radicals.
Abstract: The study was mainly designed to validate the healing effects of wheat grass on RBC membrane damage. RBC membrane damage can be due to several factors, of which the free radical damage takes a major part. Many medicinal herbs have been used in study to find out their potential role in healing effects and at the same time in scavenging the free radi...
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Antagonistic Activity and Biofilm Studies on Streptomyces Species towards Nigrospora Sp
Sudhakar Malla,
Bathula Christopher,
Yacharam shivakumar,
Kakarapalli Nagalakshmi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, November 2014
Pages:
28-34
Received:
19 August 2014
Accepted:
10 September 2014
Published:
15 October 2014
Abstract: Plants, in contrast with vertebrates, have no immune system. So they are affected by pathogens easily leading to remarkable yield loss altogether. Fungal phytopathogens pose serious problems worldwide in the agriculture sector, and harmful and costly chemical fungicides are nowhere a match to them. A detailed study was performed to screen the cooperative role of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces halstedii towards the fungal pathogen Nigrospora, a predominant pathogen of banana plantation. Many works were published stating the antagonistic activity of the Streptomyces species. For the first time we tried to study against the Nigrospora, which is a predominant pathogen of banana plant. Moreover we tried to find out the cooperative role of both the species towards the fungal pathogen. Biofilm formation studies were done using the ethanol method, and Chitinase activity was quantified using DNS method. Free radical scavenging activity was quantified using the standard DPPH method. The antioxidant profiles were screened using the TLC plate in mobile phase (5:4:3 (v/v/v) n-butanol/Methanol/16% aqueous ammonia). The antagonistic screening test done using the cup plate method proved the cooperative role of both the species. The activity of chitinase was observed for all the groups. Both the species showed chitinase activity, but when they are co cultured the activity was found to be enhanced. Even the co culture study also proved of the strong biofilm formation. Previous literature also showed of the exhibition of biofilm formation of the Streptomyces species. The increase or stability in the values proves of the possible cooperative role of both the species in the antagonistic activity against the Nigrospora species. A one way ANOVA was done to show the significance in the formation of biofilms. Peculiar results were obtained in the TLC. The Rf values obtained were compared with the standard antioxidant Rf values. The Rf values of 0.12 match with the catechin, and 0.4 match with the Quercetin, 06 match with Caffeic acid.
Abstract: Plants, in contrast with vertebrates, have no immune system. So they are affected by pathogens easily leading to remarkable yield loss altogether. Fungal phytopathogens pose serious problems worldwide in the agriculture sector, and harmful and costly chemical fungicides are nowhere a match to them. A detailed study was performed to screen the coop...
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