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Isolation of Pseudomonas flurescens from Rhizosphere of Faba Bean and Screen Their Hydrogen Cyanide Production Under in Vitro Stduy, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
13-19
Received:
11 June 2015
Accepted:
26 June 2015
Published:
23 March 2016
Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic volatile compound which interferes with the cellular respiration by inhibiting the cytochrome oxidase enzyme in mitochondria. Root area of crops were consisting several bacteria that may have beneficial aspects. The objective of this study was to investigate the qualitative capability of hydrogen cyanide production by Pseudomonas fluorescens species isolates. Isolation of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were carried out on King’s B medium. Twelve Pseudomonas fluorescens species were isolated from the Rhizosphere of Fabaceae family namely faba bean screened for the production of hydrogen cyanide. For the production of hydrogen cyanide, Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were streaked into King’s B agar plates supplemented with glycine. Total of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates had a potential to produce hydrogen cyanide. Therefore, these isolated can be used as a biological control against plant pathogen microbes.
Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic volatile compound which interferes with the cellular respiration by inhibiting the cytochrome oxidase enzyme in mitochondria. Root area of crops were consisting several bacteria that may have beneficial aspects. The objective of this study was to investigate the qualitative capability of hydrogen cyanide productio...
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Dispersing or Contracting: A Perspective on the Evolutionary History and Population Conservation of Musk Deer
Zhixiao Liu,
Colin Groves
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
20-30
Received:
8 April 2016
Published:
9 April 2016
Abstract: Musk deer, as a small hornless group, are of great significance in the phylogenetic evolution of ruminants. Clarification of their evolutionary history has the potential to contribute to an understanding of the total phylogeny of both cervids and bovids. In this paper, based on a comprehensive review of the literature, an integrated rearrangement of moschid fossils is proposed. Our review has produced the following results on the evolution and conservation of moschids: (1) the family Moschidae probably appeared abruptly at a around 30±5Ma, and evolved in parallel with Cervidae and Bovidae; (2) compared with Tragulidae and other Pecora, the Moschidae have acquired a number of progressive traits in common with Cervidae and Bovidae while maintaining certain primitive features, while in their own evolutionary history, they developed a suite of derived features to meet with new environmental circumstances while retaining the most important primitive traits; (3) the origin, divergence, diversification, dispersal and ultimate disappearance of moschids in Europe and North America are essentially closely related with the fluctuation of the global climate and local environmental changes; (4) an overall picture of the evolutionary history of Moschus is given; (5) multiple causes are responsible for the global downturn and near-extinction of all musk deer species and populations in recent decades, but it is due mainly to the international background of musk smuggling and domestic anthropocentric factors, particularly overpoaching using Gansitao. All in all, Early moschids underwent over 20Ma of "boom and bust" history from the late Oligocene to the end of Miocene in Europe and North America, and only the Eastern part of Asia sheltered the recent representatives during the Quaternary glacial cycles, but there is still a very long way to go before we can reconstruct the family’s phylogenetic history in full, and the conservation of today's musk deer populations is currently the most urgent mission.
Abstract: Musk deer, as a small hornless group, are of great significance in the phylogenetic evolution of ruminants. Clarification of their evolutionary history has the potential to contribute to an understanding of the total phylogeny of both cervids and bovids. In this paper, based on a comprehensive review of the literature, an integrated rearrangement o...
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RAPD Variation Within and Among Natural Populations of African Cherry (prunus Africana) From Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
31-39
Received:
21 March 2016
Accepted:
31 March 2016
Published:
15 April 2016
Abstract: In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation, genetic analysis of six populations of P. Africana sampled from six different geographical regions of Ethiopia was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy six percent of the loci studied revealed polymorphisim for the whole data set. Within population diversity estimated by using Nei’s gene diversity estimates ranged from 0.307 (Chilimo) to 0.150 (Bulki), with a mean of 0.234. Genetic differentiation between populations was estimated with Nei’s GST (0.264) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based FST (0.257), which appears to be slightly higher than the average values obtained from various RAPD based studies on outcrossing and long-lived species. Genetic relationships among the populations were examined. The resulting tree separated the six populations into two primary clusters which somewhat reflects their geographical locations. Data suggested that conservation approach of P. africana should consider each population separately.
Abstract: In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its management and conservation, genetic analysis of six populations of P. Africana sampled from six different geographical regions of Ethiopia was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Seventy six percent of the loci studied revealed polymorphisim for the whole data...
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Prevalence of Beta-Thalassemia Trait Among Students of the University College of Science and Technology-Palestine
Lamia'a Sobhi Saqer,
Mona Ziad Almasri,
Shahed Awad Almasri,
Zahraa Akram Almasri
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
40-46
Received:
22 March 2016
Accepted:
31 March 2016
Published:
15 April 2016
Abstract: Thalassemias are a group of recessively inherited genetic disorders mostly common in the Mediterranean, the equatorial and near equatorial regions of Africa and Asia. Large number of mutations cause abnormal globin gene expression and result in complete absence or reduction of globin chain synthesis which lead to thalassemia. β-thalassemia is the result of deficient or absent synthesis of β-globin chains, leading to excess α chains. This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of β-thalassemia trait among students of University College of Science and Technology (UCST) in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip-Palestine. Allele Specific PCR (ASPCR) was used to determine the intervening sequence IVSI-6 (T →C) and IVSI-110 (G →A) mutations. The study population consisted of 348 subjects recruited from the UCST (144 males: 41% and 204 females: 59%). Blood samples were collected in EDTA tube for CBC. Mentzer index was calculated for all samples. Blood film was done and stained using Giemza stain. DNA was isolated from 12 samples that had normal RBCs and low MCV and whose Mentzer index was >13. These samples were subjected to Allele Specific PCR in order to detect IVSI-6 (T →C) and IVSI-110 (G →A) mutations. The hemoglobin level in females was found to be about 20% less than the level recorded in males (11.40±1.01 vs 14.30±0.79 g/dl). The results also revealed that there were significant differences in all measured CBC parameters and indices between males and females except that for WBC, RBC, MCHC and PLT. IVSI-6 (T →C) mutation was detected only in two samples and both were heterozygous. IVSI-110 (G →A) mutation was not detected in this study. The present results showed that the case of β-thalassemia carrier have normal RBC, MCH, Hb and normal Mentzer index which could be missed in routine screening test.
Abstract: Thalassemias are a group of recessively inherited genetic disorders mostly common in the Mediterranean, the equatorial and near equatorial regions of Africa and Asia. Large number of mutations cause abnormal globin gene expression and result in complete absence or reduction of globin chain synthesis which lead to thalassemia. β-thalassemia is the r...
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Inhibitory Effect of Extracts from Datura metel Leaf on Mushroom Tyrosinase
David Morakinyo Sanni,
Oluwasegun Victor Omotoyinbo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
47-50
Received:
5 February 2016
Accepted:
27 February 2016
Published:
6 May 2016
Abstract: This study evaluated the tyrosinase-inhibition activities of three extracts; methanol, acetone and dichloromethane of Datura metel leaves. The bioactive components were extracted and then evaluated for their inhibitory effect in vitro on mushroom tyrosinase, using a colorimetric procedure. The Methanolic extract of the plant leaf had the highest inhibition of tyrosinase conversion of substrate L-DOPA with 72.14% inhibition at peak concentration of 400 µg/ml considered unlike their respective acetone (51.08%) and dichloromethane (65.57%) extracts. All the Datura metel extracts had below 50% inhibition between concentrations of 3.1 µg/ml to 200 µg/ml except the methanolic extract which had 53.46% inhibition at 200 µg/ml. Although, there was a steady increase in tyrosinase inhibition for all plant extracts, however none of the plants extracts inhibition exceeded kojic acids inhibition at all concentrations considered.
Abstract: This study evaluated the tyrosinase-inhibition activities of three extracts; methanol, acetone and dichloromethane of Datura metel leaves. The bioactive components were extracted and then evaluated for their inhibitory effect in vitro on mushroom tyrosinase, using a colorimetric procedure. The Methanolic extract of the plant leaf had the highest in...
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Association Between von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Heart Disease in Gaza Strip
Lamia'a Sobhi Saqer,
Mervat Jamal Kassab,
Ansam Khalid Alshehri,
Olfat M. Breaka
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
51-59
Received:
14 April 2016
Accepted:
25 April 2016
Published:
12 May 2016
Abstract: The von Willebrand Factor (vWF) gene located on Chromosome 12 spans ~ 180 kilobases with 52 exons. Changes in the vWF gene could alter VWF biosynthesis, secretion, clearance, and adhesion activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons, 5′ regulatory region, and introns are also reported to influence levels of vWF in healthy subjects. Some of these vWF SNPs are associated with an elevated risk for thrombosis and may be causally associated with coronary heart disease. The objective of this work was to detect the association between-1185A/G vWF gene polymorphism and CHD in Gaza strip. We conducted case-control study included 126 samples comprised 85 CHD patients and 41 control subjects. Questionnaire interview was applied. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tube for ABO blood grouping and DNA extraction. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) use to detect – 1185A/G polymorphism. The vWF -1185A/G genotype was the most common in the control and the CHD groups. The frequencies of vWF -1185 alleles in the CHD subjects were 0.541 for A and 0.459 for G. These frequencies are comparable to those found in the control group which were 0.622 for A and 0.378 for G. No statistically significant differences in vWF-1185 genotypes were found between the patients and the control groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the vWF-1185 polymorphism: gender, blood group, hypertension and diabetic in case and controls. However, there was a significant difference between the CHD: age, physical activity and education. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Gaza Strip investigating the relation between vWF-1185 A/G polymorphism and CHD. Further investigations are needed to link other genetic factors to CHD.
Abstract: The von Willebrand Factor (vWF) gene located on Chromosome 12 spans ~ 180 kilobases with 52 exons. Changes in the vWF gene could alter VWF biosynthesis, secretion, clearance, and adhesion activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons, 5′ regulatory region, and introns are also reported to influence levels of vWF in healthy subjects. Som...
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Heavy Metals Status in Some Commercially Important Fishes of Meghna River Adjacent to Narsingdi District, Bangladesh: Health Risk Assessment
Md. Simul Bhuyan,
Muhammad Abu Bakar,
Aysha Akhtar,
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
60-70
Received:
27 April 2016
Accepted:
6 May 2016
Published:
30 May 2016
Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co) in the muscles of 32 fish species for 3 seasons in Meghna River. The heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by FAO, WHO, EU, United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), US Environment Protection Agency (US/EPA) and England Guidelines except the concentrations of Pb & Zn that were found above the allowable ranges in different fishes namely Amblypharyngnodon mola. Colisa lalia, Tetraodon cutcutia, Barbodes sarana, Labeo calbasu, Puntius sarena, Ompok pabda, Aila coila, Mastacembelus armatus, Glossogobius giuris, Nandus nandu, Tenualosa ilisha, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, Xenentodon cancila, Stinging catfish. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis and correlation matrix showed significant anthropogenic intrusions of Zn, Al, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co in fishes. There was significant positive correlation between Cd vs Co (0.733), moderate positive correlation between Fe vs Al (0.568), Ni vs Co (0.482), Mn vs Co (0.395) which indicate that their common origin especially from industrial effluents, municipal wastes and agricultural inputs.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co) in the muscles of 32 fish species for 3 seasons in Meghna River. The heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The estimated concentrations of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by FAO, ...
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