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Evaluation of Ethiopian Bread Wheat Cultivars for Slow Rusting Resistance to Yellow Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.s Tritici)
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
60-66
Received:
18 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.s. tritici) is the greatest vicious rust disease in wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The cultivating of cultivars with polygenic gene resistance is the most efficient way of monitoring the disease. Field experiments were carried out at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center main station and, Meraro and Bekoji substations of Ethiopia during 2019 to 2020 main cropping seasons to disclose variability for field based adult plant resistance to yellow rust among 25 newly developed bread wheat cultivars advanced in Ethiopia. Features used as criteria to identify adult plant resistance comprised response of wheat cultivars to yellow rust, Coefficient of infection (CI), relative final rust severity (FRS) and area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) were found to be reliable to evaluate slow rusting in the cultivars. The outcomes shown that wheat cultivar only Balcha had low disease severity (< 30%) with MRMS reaction, lower rAUDPC values (>30%) and CI (< 20) and were recognized to have good level of adult plant resistance while eighty eight percent of the tested cultivars exhibited susceptible and grouped under low slow rusting resistance with high disease pressure over all three locations. Cultivars Dashen, Daka, Wane and Sanate had moderate values for slow rusting parameters and were recognized as having moderate level of slow rusting. The slow rusting cultivars identified from the present work can be used for extra management in wheat development programs.
Abstract: Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.s. tritici) is the greatest vicious rust disease in wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The cultivating of cultivars with polygenic gene resistance is the most efficient way of monitoring the disease. Field experiments were carried out at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center main station and, Meraro and Bekoji...
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Biomass Mass Production and Partitioning in Seedling of Harerghe Coffee Genotypes Under Deficit Irrigation at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
67-72
Received:
9 May 2021
Accepted:
9 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: In Ethiopia, the coffee production is highly constrained by drought. To overcome such problem, knowing the behavior of coffee genotype’s biomass accumulation pattern to different parts under contrasting moisture stress is important in selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate and characterize the biomass partitioning patterns of Harerghe coffee genotypes as influenced by deficit irrigation in rain shelter at Jimma agricultural research center. An experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications, where treatments consisted of three deficit level (40, 80 and 120% of ETc) and six genotypes (H-674/98, H-739/98, H-823/98, H-981/98, H-929/98 and H-857/98). The result showed that the coffee dry-biomass partitioning patterns were significantly varied due deficit irrigation and genotypes as well as their interactions. Overall, the biomass assimilation and allocation were higher for roots (37%) under 40% ETc and finally dropped to 23% under well watered seedlings, the investment made in root at the expense of shoot in drought conditions, enables the plants to extract more water from dipper soil layers, if water is limited in upper soil layers Conversely, the dry matters portioned to leaf were greater (48%) under well watered seedlings and finally dropped to 26% under water stressed conditions. The accumulation of more dry-mater to leaf in well irrigated environment enables the plants to enhance photosynthetic capacity and thereby improve plant growth. Lastly, the study of dry biomass partitioning patterns in different parts of coffee plant is crucial important to decide appropriate watering amount and identifying drought tolerant genotypes for future breeding program under variable climatic conditions.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, the coffee production is highly constrained by drought. To overcome such problem, knowing the behavior of coffee genotype’s biomass accumulation pattern to different parts under contrasting moisture stress is important in selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate and charac...
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Determinants Choices of Drought Coping Strategies Among Boorana Pastoral Communities: The Case of Yabello Woreda, Oromiya Region, Southern Ethiopia
Gelgelo Wako Duba,
Solomon Tekalign,
Tegegne Sishaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
73-80
Received:
11 May 2021
Accepted:
22 July 2021
Published:
19 August 2021
Abstract: Drought affects all pastoral and agro pastoral communities of the world, whose their livelihood is depend on rain water. It is one of the major constraints to sustainable livelihood of these communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. However, pastorals are using different coping strategies toward its impacts even though their choices are affected by different factors. The study was taken place in Yabello woredas of Boorana Zone, Southern Ethiopia to identify the major factors that affect choices of drought coping strategies by the pastoral and agro pastoral community. A survey was conducted among 288 sample pastoral and agro pastoral households in three kebeles of Yabello woredas area. The study was used mixed method, particularly the concurrent triangulation approach as research design. The study select sample kebeles and household from the districts by Multi stage sampling technique. Multinomial logit model was used to identify the factors which affect the pastoral drought coping strategies. Accordingly, Results from choice model employed indicate that gender, age, education level, market distance, credit, livestock size and income influence Pastorals and agro pastorals choices at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level. Moreover, the result revealed pastorals and agro pastorals whose livelihood depend on rainfall are significantly affected from impact of drought sensitivity with weakened coping strategies. To conclude, there is needed to improve the capability to cope with changing environmental conditions to offsets the negative impacts of droughts.
Abstract: Drought affects all pastoral and agro pastoral communities of the world, whose their livelihood is depend on rain water. It is one of the major constraints to sustainable livelihood of these communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. However, pastorals are using different coping strategies toward its impacts even though their choices are affected...
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Current State and Development of Micro Propagation of Selected High Value Crops in Ethiopia: A Review
Habtamu Seyoum,
Ashenafi Ayano,
Berihu Menges
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
81-91
Received:
22 July 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Rapid and mass propagation of clean and quality seedlings in horticulture industry becomes a priority for many countries to supply increasing demand of planting materials. Attempt of exploiting the benefit of heterosis from F1 hybrid and overcoming the shortage of planting materials associated with it needs proper intervention. Tissue culture techniques offer disease free, uniform, and large amount of planting materials. The technique is playing a significant role in advancing agriculture in many developing countries in which the current production has to be doubled by 2050. Specially, countries like Ethiopia in which population growth is very high and food insecurity persist, the need for improved production and productivity through the use of modern technologies become apparent. To feed the tremendously growing population, utilization of biotechnology tools such as micro-propagation in agriculture is helpful. Currently, in Ethiopia, somehow there is a fertile ground to exploit the possible advantage which may be acquired from biotechnology as in the case of sugarcane, banana, pineapple etc. micropropagation that boosted the production. This review is therefore to bold out the development of mass-propagation of selected crops and present the current status of protocol optimization of high value horticultural and spice crops. In the meantime, the development of private tissue culture laboratories makes an encouraging advancement where it has to be largely consolidated and highly linked with innovating laboratories to take over the responsibility of multiplying improved varieties. Thus, it can be concluded that despite the development of biotechnology remains at its early stage, promising results were obtained from micro propagation work and if adequate attention given to rapid development of protocol for mass propagation of high value cash crops, there exist untapped potential of biotechnology in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Rapid and mass propagation of clean and quality seedlings in horticulture industry becomes a priority for many countries to supply increasing demand of planting materials. Attempt of exploiting the benefit of heterosis from F1 hybrid and overcoming the shortage of planting materials associated with it needs proper intervention. Tissue culture techn...
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