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Research Article
Effect of Different Rates of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) at Sidamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Adisu Longale*,
Gobena Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
50-54
Received:
2 July 2025
Accepted:
16 July 2025
Published:
5 August 2025
Abstract: Low soil fertility, particularly phosphorus (P) deficiency, is a primary constraint to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of faba bean to varying P fertilizer rates and to identify a rate that optimizes productivity. The study was carried out at the Hawassa University Research Farm, Southern Ethiopia, during the 2020 off-season under irrigated conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed with three replications, using four P application rates (0, 50, 100, and 150kg P ha-1) on the ‘’Hachalu'’ faba bean variety. Data analysis revealed that phosphorus application had a significant (P<0.05) positive effect on all measured parameters. The number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, and grain yield all increased with higher P rates. The highest grain yield (3913kg ha-1) was achieved at the 150kg P ha-1 rate, a significant increase over the control treatment (3666kg ha-1). These results indicate that P is a critical limiting nutrient for faba bean in the study area. While the 150kg P ha-1 rate was biologically optimal in this study, further multi-location trials that include an economic analysis are necessary to formulate a comprehensive fertilizer recommendation for farmers.
Abstract: Low soil fertility, particularly phosphorus (P) deficiency, is a primary constraint to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of faba bean to varying P fertilizer rates and to identify a rate that optimizes productivity. The study was carried out at the Hawassa University Research...
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Research Article
Psychosocial Consequences, Experiences, and Motives in Quitting Khat Among Daily Users: A Qualitative Study in Gondar City
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
55-62
Received:
23 October 2024
Accepted:
9 July 2025
Published:
7 August 2025
Abstract: The study examines psychological and social effects on married adult males who consume khat (Catha edulis) throughout Gondar City Ethiopia. The research demonstrates khat serves as a substantial public health concern because it triggers various adverse mental health impacts affecting individuals at all life stages and extended family and community members. Using both snowball sampling and convenience methods researchers gathered ten regular khat users for an investigation on addiction patterns and psychological symptoms and social effects and withdrawal mechanisms. The study implemented Amharic participants who received transcription services as well as thematic structural analysis. Those who use khat understand it serves as an addictive substance while using it to battle their life stress. The research revealed that repetitive unfortunate encounters caused both mental diseases and depression and psychosis and led to household ruptures and financial ruin. Subjects experienced major obstacles in ending their khat consumption since their bodies reacted with physical withdrawal symptoms and their minds remained addicted to its effects. The study demonstrates that health authorities should create personalized intervention programs which inform users about khat dangers and offer retreatment solutions to address addiction symptoms across physical and mental health domains. The study works to develop new public health policies and increase knowledge about khat behavioral effects within affected demographic groups.
Abstract: The study examines psychological and social effects on married adult males who consume khat (Catha edulis) throughout Gondar City Ethiopia. The research demonstrates khat serves as a substantial public health concern because it triggers various adverse mental health impacts affecting individuals at all life stages and extended family and community ...
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Research Article
Socio-economic Characterization, Identification and Prioritization of Major Constraints and Opportunities in Burka Jiren Community Watershed of Gechi District, South-western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
63-72
Received:
3 July 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
8 August 2025
Abstract: Watershed management is perceived as a promising strategy to improve production and productivity. Even though numerous programs have targeted watershed management, farmers have been passive participants due to their weak identification of their watershed-related constraints and socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, the activity was intended to characterize, identify, and prioritize the existing constraints and opportunities of the Burka Jiren Community Watershed. A cross-sectional research design with multi-stage sampling was used to select 108 respondents to collect quantitative data, whereas qualitative data were collected from focus group discussions and key informants. Secondary data were collected from available published and unpublished documents. Pairwise matrix ranking and simple descriptive statistics were used. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. The descriptive results showed that about 93.5% of the respondents were men, about 54.6% were at primary (1-6) education level, the mean age was 40.6 years, and the mean family and land size were 5.5 members and 1.6 ha, respectively. Pairwise ranking results showed soil erosion, soil fertility, and crop productivity declines were the first, second, and third major prioritized constraints in the watershed, respectively. Based on this finding, different development practitioners should emphasize the socio-economic characteristics and major constraints of smallholder households in the Watershed study.
Abstract: Watershed management is perceived as a promising strategy to improve production and productivity. Even though numerous programs have targeted watershed management, farmers have been passive participants due to their weak identification of their watershed-related constraints and socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, the activity was intended to...
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Review Article
Effect of Land Fragmentation on Technical Inefficiency of Malt Barely Production in Ethiopia: Meta-analysis
Adane Edao*
,
Alihasen Yacob
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
73-78
Received:
5 July 2025
Accepted:
19 July 2025
Published:
12 August 2025
Abstract: The review of literature on the impact of land fragmentation on malt barley production technical inefficiency in Ethiopia. Farmers produce farm products at low technical efficiency. Low technical efficiency occurs due to the increase in the number of plots. Different findings on the impact of land fragmentation on malt barley production technical inefficiency by farmers resulted in contrary findings (negative and positive). In the current study in the direction of effect estimation, in this research work, meta-analysis has been done for finding the result on 4 studies selected based on PRISMA criteria. Based on the random effect model, the result indicated that land fragmentation puts the technical inefficiency of malt barely farmers at a disadvantage, but if the effect is not strong enough, it affects their technical efficiency. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis also found the differential effects of land fragmentation on different farmers. The influence of first two study are strong, whereas that of remain two study are weak. So, fewer fragments ought to be provided to all farmers, mainly to the first two study farmers, to increase productivity and the status of food security among farmers.
Abstract: The review of literature on the impact of land fragmentation on malt barley production technical inefficiency in Ethiopia. Farmers produce farm products at low technical efficiency. Low technical efficiency occurs due to the increase in the number of plots. Different findings on the impact of land fragmentation on malt barley production technical i...
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Research Article
New Mobile Application for Categorization of Vertigo in the New Millennium
Guillen Naireth*,
Palacios Nelsi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
79-85
Received:
19 May 2025
Accepted:
7 August 2025
Published:
12 August 2025
Abstract: Introduction: Vertigo is defined as the distortion in the sensation of self-movement when a normal movement of the head is made, for its study the TiTrATE approach is recommended for the general practitioner, which determines the moment of onset, duration, evolution and triggers of vertigo for its study and categorization accurately. Objective: to create a progressive web application (PWA) called TiTrATEapp, Method: Prospective, observational, longitudinal study. Result: creation of a progressive web application (PWA) called TiTrATEapp, based on the TiTrATE algorithm, comparing the calculation time of the application of the algorithm manually and digitally, resulting in the digital application being faster and more efficient. Discussion: Vertigo is a difficult symptom to decipher in the emergency room, due to the subjective description of patients and the wide variety of probable causes, the digitization of TiTrATE allows to rule out potentially dangerous causes, quickly, accurately. At present there are no studies that measure the effectiveness of mobile applications for the study of vertigo. Conclusion: Mobile applications are an objective tool that helps health professionals diagnose and make clinical decisions in a practical way based on scientific evidence, the digitalization of TiTrATE allows resident doctors to make an accurate diagnosis quickly and guide the patient's referral to the correct specialty and resource efficiency.
Abstract: Introduction: Vertigo is defined as the distortion in the sensation of self-movement when a normal movement of the head is made, for its study the TiTrATE approach is recommended for the general practitioner, which determines the moment of onset, duration, evolution and triggers of vertigo for its study and categorization accurately. Objective: to ...
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Research Article
Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Instruction (SBI) in Improving Algebraic Achievement and Interest in Nigerian Secondary Schools
Emmanuel C. Nwigboji*,
Ndubuisi Nwoke
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
86-98
Received:
25 May 2025
Accepted:
30 June 2025
Published:
13 August 2025
Abstract: This study explored the effectiveness of through simulation-based instruction in improving algebraic achievement and interest in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Adopting a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design, the study was guided by four research questions and six hypotheses. The population comprised 4,893 SS II mathematics students, from which 205 students (121 experimental, 84 control) were sampled through purposive and random techniques. The experimental group (51 males, 70 females) was taught using simulation-based tools GeoGebra and interactive group tasks over a four-week instructional period, while the control group (44 males, 40 females) received conventional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using Algebraic Achievement Test (KR-20 = 0.86) and the Algebraic Interest Scale (α = 0.84). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions, while ANCOVA tested hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed a statistically significant effect of simulation-based instruction on students’ achievement (F (1,200) = 110.239, p < .001, partial η² = .355) and interest (F (1,200) = 47.655, p < .001, partial η² = .192), indicating large effect sizes. Gender and interaction effects were not significant (partial η² < .015). The study recommended that mathematics teachers should integrate simulation-based strategies to foster deeper understanding in other to improve students’ achievement and interest in algebra.
Abstract: This study explored the effectiveness of through simulation-based instruction in improving algebraic achievement and interest in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Adopting a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design, the study was guided by four research questions and six hypotheses. The population comprised 4,893 SS II m...
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Research Article
Effort vs. Automation: The Core Conflict of AI in Education
Mohammed Zeinu Hassen*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
99-111
Received:
19 July 2025
Accepted:
4 August 2025
Published:
19 August 2025
Abstract: The rapid spread of advanced Artificial Intelligence has entered our schools. Large Language Models, in particular, are now common. This new reality has started a major argument. Many supporters praise these new tools. They see a future of great efficiency. They imagine lessons tailored to each student. They speak of new ways to access information. This paper, however, presents a different and cautionary position. The thoughtless acceptance of AI in learning is a mistake. It creates a deep and dangerous conflict. This conflict is between the attractive ease of machine work and the necessary goodness of human mental effort. This article will examine the problem from a few angles: thinking, feeling, and morals. It argues that automation driven by AI directly damages the central goals of schooling. These goals include the building of sharp minds, the strengthening of intellectual toughness, and the support of genuine self-discovery. The actual path of learning is what matters most. The struggle is important. The frustration is important. The revisions are important. The final moment of clarity is important. These are not mere annoyances for a machine to fix. This difficult path is the only way true knowledge is built. It is the very method by which the human intellect is shaped. This work takes apart the hidden downsides of letting machines do our thinking for us. It also studies the resulting decay of the bond between a teacher and a student. It will also counter the frequent arguments that call any resistance a simple fear of technology. The final point is this. For schooling to keep its ability to change people, educators and their institutions must make a choice. They must thoughtfully create teaching methods that put human work first. They must protect the hard but essential struggle of learning from the empty, effortless world of automation.
Abstract: The rapid spread of advanced Artificial Intelligence has entered our schools. Large Language Models, in particular, are now common. This new reality has started a major argument. Many supporters praise these new tools. They see a future of great efficiency. They imagine lessons tailored to each student. They speak of new ways to access information....
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Research Article
Seasonal and Annual Rainfall Variability and Trends in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia
Sintayehu Abera Wondimu*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
112-125
Received:
19 July 2025
Accepted:
4 August 2025
Published:
19 August 2025
Abstract: Rainfall, a critical determinant of agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomic stability, was analyzed for seasonal and annual variability in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia, from 1991 to 2020. Using time series data from seven meteorological stations and four virtual stations, statistical methods such as the Coefficient of Variation (CV), Standard Anomaly Index (SAI), Sen’s Slope Estimator, and Modified Mann-Kendall test were employed, alongside Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation in ArcGIS for spatial analysis. The study revealed significant variability, with Tocha recording the highest mean annual rainfall (1998 mm) and Tercha the lowest (1399.5 mm). Tercha exhibited the least consistent rainfall, while Gasechere showed the highest variability (CV 31.82%, SD 600.37 mm). The Kiremt season (June-September) contributed the most to annual rainfall, with Tocha receiving 973.99 mm and Tercha 696.03 mm, while the Belg (February-May) and Bega (October-January) seasons showed lower contributions and higher variability, particularly at Gena Bossa and Gasechere. Spatially, the southwest, south, and southeast regions received higher rainfall, while the north and northeast experienced the lowest amount. This study investigates the onset, cessation, and duration of the rainy season in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia, from 1991 to 2020, with particular attention to the Kiremt season (June-September). The start of the rainy season, characterized by heavy rainfall, varies considerably, from mid-September to late September, with delays in years like 1994, 2000, and 2015 (around September 27-28) and earlier starts in 1992 and 2006 (around September 19-20). Cessation dates, occurring between mid-December and late December, show similar variability, with longer seasons ending around December 19-20 (e.g., 1995, 2005, 2015) and shorter ones around December 15-16 (e.g., 2000, 2010). The length of the growing season ranges from 90 to 110 days, reaching a maximum of 106-108 days in 1994, 2002, and 2016, and decreasing to 96-98 days in 1998 and 2012. This variability, driven by factors such as the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and El Niño-Southern Oscillation, presents challenges for agricultural planning by affecting crop selection and increasing the risk of failure due to shortened seasons or waterlogging in extended ones. The next study will consider the association between seasonal rainfall variability and global systems like El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Indian Dipole oscillation, and other global systems over the study area. The study recommends expanding meteorological stations, integrating findings into regional policies for sustainable agriculture and water management, and enhancing early warning systems to address the variable rainfall patterns across the Kiremt, Belg, and Bega seasons.
Abstract: Rainfall, a critical determinant of agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomic stability, was analyzed for seasonal and annual variability in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia, from 1991 to 2020. Using time series data from seven meteorological stations and four virtual stations, statistical methods such as the Coefficient of Variation (CV), Standard ...
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