Research Article
A Content Analysis of Inclusion in NCERT’s Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Class 6 Social Science Textbook)
Akhilesh Yadav*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
1-8
Received:
2 June 2025
Accepted:
18 June 2025
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijse.20250901.11
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Views:
Abstract: Background: This study presents a comprehensive content analysis of inclusion in the National Council of Educational Research and Training’s (NCERT) Class 6 Social Science textbook “Exploring Society: India and Beyond” (2024 edition). Important: This study examines how the textbook addresses various dimensions of inclusion: disability; equity; diversity; and social, economic, and cultural aspects. Research finds the answer of question how representation of disability in the educational materials. Method: To conduct research on the best method to use a systematic chapter-by-chapter analysis, the textbook demonstrates strengths in representing inclusion contents, such as women’s contributions, constitutional provisions for marginalized groups, disability representation, critical examination of social hierarchies, and balanced regional representation. Key findings: The findings suggest that textbooks provide a foundation for understanding India’s diversity and culture, and also fully prepare students to participate in the complications of inclusion and exclusion in Indian society. Textbook not fully represent the idea of inclusion, because not any content related to representation of disability. Conclusion: Research analysis contributes to the future discourse and discussion on inclusive education practices in India and offers insights for enhancing inclusive content in textbooks for growing minds.
Abstract: Background: This study presents a comprehensive content analysis of inclusion in the National Council of Educational Research and Training’s (NCERT) Class 6 Social Science textbook “Exploring Society: India and Beyond” (2024 edition). Important: This study examines how the textbook addresses various dimensions of inclusion: disability; equity; dive...
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Review Article
Iran's 2024 Hijab and Chastity Law Criminalizes Freedom Through Surveillance and Disciplinary Power
Yeganeh Nazem*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
9-18
Received:
20 January 2025
Accepted:
9 July 2025
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijse.20250901.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The 2024 Iranian Hijab and Chastity Law is a new frontier in state control and social surveillance mechanisms, meriting close examination against the framework of Foucault's theoretical framework regarding power, discipline, and resistance. The paper focuses on how this law leverages complex technological infrastructure, economic penalties, and institutional enforcement to build an integrated regime of bodily policing and social conformity. Through the perspective of Foucauldian concepts such as the Panopticon, biopower, and governmentality, the paper shows how digital surveillance technologies, AI, and automated enforcement systems transform an old religious authority into a modern control apparatus. The study illustrates that although the law brings about a level of surveillance and regulation never seen before, at the same time, it reveals some critical hidden vulnerabilities of the state. The paper argues that the same intensity of mechanisms of control foments new forms of resistance, from individual acts of defiance to concerted digital activism. Based on elaborate legal analysis and expert opinions, this study concludes that the effort of the law to achieve a form of total control turns out paradoxically to disclose its limitations, as women devise sophisticated strategies of resistance within the systems engineered to constrain them. This paper contributes to understanding how new surveillance technologies remake older power relations and how resistance emerges within a seemingly totalizing control system.
Abstract: The 2024 Iranian Hijab and Chastity Law is a new frontier in state control and social surveillance mechanisms, meriting close examination against the framework of Foucault's theoretical framework regarding power, discipline, and resistance. The paper focuses on how this law leverages complex technological infrastructure, economic penalties, and ins...
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