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Research Article
Visual Interpretations of Aqueous Geochemical Data Obtained Around Selected Solid Waste Dumpsites in Abuja, North Central Nigeria
Owolabi Joseph Ayodele,
Arogundade Johnson Temitope*
,
Omali Aurelius Ojoina
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
42-56
Received:
8 October 2024
Accepted:
28 October 2024
Published:
26 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20251103.11
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Abstract: The visual interpretation of water samples obtained around some selected dumpsites in federal capital territory, Abuja was done. The interpretation was done in order to ascertain the sources/evolution and the fate of the dissolved constituent of the water samples. The study was necessitated by the fact that the visual interpretation of the aqueous geochemical will reveal the process(s) that predominantly influence the water chemistry. The water samples obtained around these dumpsites were analyzed geochemically in a quality assured laboratory. The geochemical data obtained from the geochemical analyses were interpreted using visual procedures like Piper, Chadha, Gibbs, Schoeller, H-FED and Gaillardet diagram. More than 85% of the water samples are confined to Calcium-bicarbonate field (Ca-HCO3) and Calcium-Sodium- bicarbonate field ((Ca-Na-HCO3). The result suggests that there is a clear contribution from the weathering of surrounding basement rocks with the weak acids in the water samples exceeding the strong acids. It was also deduced that water rock interactions is the dominant process that govern the composition of the water samples. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive visual interpretation of the hydro-geochemical characteristics of water samples collected in the vicinity of selected dumpsites within the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The primary objective was to ascertain the sources, evolution, and fate of the water's dissolved constituents, thereby identifying the dominant processes influencing its overall chemistry. The research was initiated based on the critical need to understand how localized anthropogenic activities, such as waste disposal, interact with the underlying geology to affect groundwater quality in a rapidly urbanizing environment. Following a rigorous, quality-assured geochemical analysis in a certified laboratory, the data were subjected to a suite of established visual interpretation methods. The analytical data, encompassing a wide range of major ions, were plotted on several hydro-geochemical diagrams, including Piper, Chadha, Gibbs, Schoeller, HFE-D, and Gaillardet. These graphical tools collectively provided a multi-faceted perspective on the water's hydro-chemical facies and its evolutionary path. The collective findings from these diagrams were highly consistent. Over 85% of the water samples were classified within the Calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3) and Calcium-Sodium-bicarbonate (Ca-Na-HCO3) fields. This hydro-chemical signature unequivocally points to water-rock interaction as the primary process governing the composition of the groundwater. The results suggest a clear and substantial contribution from the chemical weathering of the surrounding basement rocks. Furthermore, the predominance of bicarbonate as a major anion indicates that weak acids are significantly more prevalent than strong acids in the water samples. These findings underscore that while dumpsites remain a potential source of localized contamination, the overarching hydro-chemical signature and compositional evolution of the groundwater in the study area are fundamentally controlled by natural geological processes.
Abstract: The visual interpretation of water samples obtained around some selected dumpsites in federal capital territory, Abuja was done. The interpretation was done in order to ascertain the sources/evolution and the fate of the dissolved constituent of the water samples. The study was necessitated by the fact that the visual interpretation of the aqueous ...
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Research Article
Qualitative Test of Water Produced at Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation (TAWASCO) from the Treatment Plant to Roadblock Within Jalingo Metropolis
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
57-61
Received:
13 October 2024
Accepted:
5 November 2024
Published:
26 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20251103.12
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Abstract: The investigation aimed to assess the quality of the water in terms of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Hardness, Alkalinity, and Turbidity, with comparisons made against established safety limits. Water samples were collected from various points along the distribution network, including and the treatment plant, the reservoir, households 1, 2, and 3,. The results revealed that the TDS levels ranged from 98 ppm to 158 ppm, all within the safe limit range of 50-150 ppm. EC values were measured below the safe limit of 400µS/cm, indicating good conductivity and low ion concentration. pH levels varied slightly, with most falling within the acceptable range of 6.5-8.5, except for one household which exceeded the upper limit. Hardness levels were below the safe limit range of 120-170mg/L, indicating soft water quality. Alkalinity values fell within the safe limit range of 30-400 ppm, suggesting adequate buffering capacity. Turbidity measurements were all below the safe limit of <1 NTU, indicating clear water free from suspended particles. Microbial analysis revealed that there was 4 and 32 Coliform/E. coli after 24 hours for Household 3 and treatment plant, respectively; all the households experienced TNTC of total plate count exception of treatment which had 40. Yeast and mould after 72 hours was observed to be 7, 60, and 50 for household 1, 3 and treatment plant, respectively; after 120 hours household 1 and, treatment plant had counts of 13, 71, and 83, respectively.
Abstract: The investigation aimed to assess the quality of the water in terms of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Hardness, Alkalinity, and Turbidity, with comparisons made against established safety limits. Water samples were collected from various points along the distribution network, including and the treatment plant, the r...
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Research Article
Research on the Relationship Between Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in China Under the Environmental Kuznets Curve Theory
Wenlie Chen*,
Yuemei Tu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
62-76
Received:
13 September 2024
Accepted:
3 October 2024
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20251103.13
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Abstract: Context: The coordination between carbon emissions and economic growth is of great significance for actively and prudently promoting carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Objectives The paper takes Qinghai Province, an economically underdeveloped region in China, and Zhejiang Province, an economically developed region, as comparative cases. Starting from the environmental Kuznets curve theory, based on the decoupling model and factor decomposition method, it analyzes the EKC curve, decoupling trend, and driving factors of provincial carbon emissions and economic growth from 1997 to 2023. Results: Research has shown that the EKC curve in economically underdeveloped areas and developed areas do not conform to the traditional inverted U-shaped curve, both of which experience two inflection points. Developed areas have an N-shaped EKC curve, with inflection point years around 2007 and 2014, while economically underdeveloped areas have a weak inverted N-shaped EKC curve, with inflection point years around 1998 and 2013. Conclusions: The decoupling of carbon emissions in economically developed regions is shifting from expansion negative decoupling to strong decoupling and weak decoupling, while in economically underdeveloped areas, weak decoupling is the main trend. The energy structure and intensity effects have a significant promoting effect on the decoupling of carbon emissions in economically developed areas, while economic growth and energy structure effects have a negative effect on the decoupling of carbon emissions in economically underdeveloped areas.
Abstract: Context: The coordination between carbon emissions and economic growth is of great significance for actively and prudently promoting carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Objectives The paper takes Qinghai Province, an economically underdeveloped region in China, and Zhejiang Province, an economically developed region, as comparative cases. Starting f...
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Research Article
Predicting the Environmental Impact of CO2 Leakage on Groundwater Quality in Onshore Regions: Integrating Geochemical Modeling with Machine Learning Approaches
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
77-86
Received:
29 May 2025
Accepted:
16 June 2025
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20251103.14
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Abstract: A critical factor in gaining public and regulatory acceptance of carbon sequestration is the assurance that groundwater resources will be protected. Concern have been raised about the potential for CO2 to leak from abandoned oil wells and migrate into groundwater zones, posing risks to water quality such as freshwater acidification and the potential mobilization of heavy metals and other trace element through mineral dissolution. While extensive research on hydrocarbon pollution in Ogoni land abandoned oil well in Nigeria, has been conducted over decades. Studies simulating pH variation and carbonate equilibrium under CO2 influence remain rare. Here, the PHREEQC geochemical modeling software was used to study carbonate equilibrium dynamics in the groundwater of the abandoned oil well sites in Ogoni land, Nigeria. Initial groundwater chemistry was simulated using baseline data from the literature, including pH, alkalinity, and major ion concentrations. The study modeled varying pH levels (5.0 to 8.5) and CO2 partial pressures (10-1 to 10-3 atm) to evaluate changes in mineral stability, ion mobilization, and pH buffering capacity. This unbiased study analysis explored the dissolution and precipitation processes of carbonate minerals and their implications for groundwater quality in contaminated regions. Findings indicate that CO2 leakage significantly lowers groundwater pH, enhances bicarbonate production, and mobilizes calcium and magnesium ions, potentially degrading water quality.
Abstract: A critical factor in gaining public and regulatory acceptance of carbon sequestration is the assurance that groundwater resources will be protected. Concern have been raised about the potential for CO2 to leak from abandoned oil wells and migrate into groundwater zones, posing risks to water quality such as freshwater acidification and the potentia...
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