Research Article
The Level of Effectiveness of Virtual Leadership in Palestinian Government Institutions During Crises "A Case Study COVID-19 Pandemic"
Maen Ahmed Fawzi Salhab*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
114-134
Received:
10 March 2025
Accepted:
24 March 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.jbed.20251003.11
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Abstract: Crises such as natural disasters, financial instability, and pandemics pose significant challenges to government institutions, impacting their performance and resilience. In response, virtual leadership has emerged as a critical approach to ensuring sustainability and adaptability. This study examines the effectiveness of virtual leadership in Palestinian government institutions during crises, assessing key determinants including communication, decision-making, trust and transparency, performance management, adaptability, psychological and social support, and technological infrastructure. Additionally, it analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with virtual leadership and proposes strategies for improvement. A quantitative analytical approach was adopted, utilizing survey data collected from 370 supervisory employees in Palestinian government institutions between August 12 and September 18, 2024. Findings indicate that the overall effectiveness of virtual leadership in these institutions reached 67.4%, compared to 77% in U.S. federal agencies and 80% among British government employees working remotely during the pandemic. Among leadership dimensions, communication was the most effective (72.1%), followed by decision-making (67.4%) and adaptability (67.2%), while psychological and social support scored the lowest (61.1%). The study highlights the critical role of effective virtual communication in enhancing leadership performance and collaboration. However, challenges such as misunderstandings in senior management meetings necessitate improved communication channels. Decision-making effectiveness reflects the ability to respond swiftly to challenges, though technical issues remain a barrier, requiring better strategic decision-making processes. Trust and transparency between management and employees also need strengthening. The study recommends improving virtual communication through targeted training and advanced tools, ensuring resource availability for high-quality decision-making, and fostering employee engagement in decision processes to build trust. Additionally, continuous performance evaluation and training on virtual work adaptation are essential to enhancing overall effectiveness.
Abstract: Crises such as natural disasters, financial instability, and pandemics pose significant challenges to government institutions, impacting their performance and resilience. In response, virtual leadership has emerged as a critical approach to ensuring sustainability and adaptability. This study examines the effectiveness of virtual leadership in Pale...
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