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Research Article
The Level of Effectiveness of Virtual Leadership in Palestinian Government Institutions During Crises "A Case Study COVID-19 Pandemic"
Maen Ahmed Fawzi Salhab*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
114-134
Received:
10 March 2025
Accepted:
24 March 2025
Published:
28 July 2025
Abstract: Crises such as natural disasters, financial instability, and pandemics pose significant challenges to government institutions, impacting their performance and resilience. In response, virtual leadership has emerged as a critical approach to ensuring sustainability and adaptability. This study examines the effectiveness of virtual leadership in Palestinian government institutions during crises, assessing key determinants including communication, decision-making, trust and transparency, performance management, adaptability, psychological and social support, and technological infrastructure. Additionally, it analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with virtual leadership and proposes strategies for improvement. A quantitative analytical approach was adopted, utilizing survey data collected from 370 supervisory employees in Palestinian government institutions between August 12 and September 18, 2024. Findings indicate that the overall effectiveness of virtual leadership in these institutions reached 67.4%, compared to 77% in U.S. federal agencies and 80% among British government employees working remotely during the pandemic. Among leadership dimensions, communication was the most effective (72.1%), followed by decision-making (67.4%) and adaptability (67.2%), while psychological and social support scored the lowest (61.1%). The study highlights the critical role of effective virtual communication in enhancing leadership performance and collaboration. However, challenges such as misunderstandings in senior management meetings necessitate improved communication channels. Decision-making effectiveness reflects the ability to respond swiftly to challenges, though technical issues remain a barrier, requiring better strategic decision-making processes. Trust and transparency between management and employees also need strengthening. The study recommends improving virtual communication through targeted training and advanced tools, ensuring resource availability for high-quality decision-making, and fostering employee engagement in decision processes to build trust. Additionally, continuous performance evaluation and training on virtual work adaptation are essential to enhancing overall effectiveness.
Abstract: Crises such as natural disasters, financial instability, and pandemics pose significant challenges to government institutions, impacting their performance and resilience. In response, virtual leadership has emerged as a critical approach to ensuring sustainability and adaptability. This study examines the effectiveness of virtual leadership in Pale...
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Research Article
The Mediating Role of Institutional Quality in FDI Attractiveness: Evidence from Tay Ninh, Vietnam
Ngo Quoc Cuong*,
Nguyen Thi Xuan Huong
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
135-146
Received:
19 June 2025
Accepted:
8 July 2025
Published:
1 August 2025
Abstract: This study examines the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) attractiveness in Tay Ninh, Vietnam, emphasizing the mediating role of Institutional Quality alongside Investment Incentives and Infrastructure Quality. Employing the endogenous growth model and Investment Climate Framework, the research investigates how policies and infrastructure directly enhance FDI inflows, with Institutional Quality mediating through improved workforce skills. Data from 437 respondents across 250 FDI enterprises were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings indicate that Investment Incentives and Institutional Quality exert the strongest direct effects on FDI attractiveness, followed by Infrastructure Quality. Institutional Quality significantly mediates the relationships between Infrastructure Quality, Investment Incentives, and FDI attractiveness. Despite Tay Ninh’s strategic location near Ho Chi Minh City and the Cambodian border, its limited skilled workforce, with only 14.7% formally trained, poses challenges. The study recommends extending investment incentives, accelerating infrastructure development, and prioritizing workforce training to enhance FDI attractiveness and promote sustainable economic growth. These findings offer policymakers actionable insights to strengthen Tay Ninh’s competitiveness in attracting high-value FDI within Vietnam’s Southern Key Economic Region.
Abstract: This study examines the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) attractiveness in Tay Ninh, Vietnam, emphasizing the mediating role of Institutional Quality alongside Investment Incentives and Infrastructure Quality. Employing the endogenous growth model and Investment Climate Framework, the research investigates how policies and infrastruc...
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Research Article
Influence of Social Media Marketing on Consumers’ Purchasing Decision Towards the Restaurant Industry in Bangladesh
Meher Neger*,
Hure Jannat Aorna
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
147-162
Received:
2 July 2025
Accepted:
17 July 2025
Published:
13 August 2025
Abstract: The broader objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the social media marketing features—Informativeness, Interactivity, Perceived Relevance and Brand Trust on consumers' purchase decisions within the restaurant industry in Bangladesh. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected via an online survey targeting active social media users who regularly engage with restaurant brands. A total of 205 valid responses were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 for structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that Brand Trust plays a significant role in influencing Purchase Decisions, underscoring the importance of trust in reducing uncertainty and fostering consumer confidence in service-oriented sectors such as restaurants. These finding highlights that maintaining transparent and trustworthy communication on social media platforms is essential for driving purchasing behavior. Perceived Relevance was also identified as a significant predictor of Purchase Decisions, suggesting that tailored and relevant marketing content on social media effectively captures consumer attention and drives purchasing behavior. However, the study found that while relevance engages consumers, it does not necessarily translate into building long-term trust in the brand. In contrast, Informativeness and Interactivity were found to have no significant direct effects on Purchase Decisions. Despite this, these features remain important for fostering engagement and building a foundation for trust, as interactive and informative content can enhance the consumer-brand relationship over time. In summary, the findings emphasize the pivotal role of Brand Trust and Perceived Relevance in influencing Purchase Decisions, while Informativeness and Interactivity serve as supportive elements in strengthening consumer engagement and trust. These results offer actionable insights for marketers in the restaurant industry to optimize their social media strategies by prioritizing trust- building and relevance.
Abstract: The broader objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the social media marketing features—Informativeness, Interactivity, Perceived Relevance and Brand Trust on consumers' purchase decisions within the restaurant industry in Bangladesh. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected via an online survey targeting active...
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