Drug Resistance Pattern of the Isolated Organisms While Treating UTIs
Rozina Aktar Zahan,
Nahreen Rahman,
Nilufar Yasmin,
Md. Mostafizur Rahman,
Parvez Hassan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
47-54
Received:
1 April 2020
Accepted:
6 May 2020
Published:
23 June 2020
Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), which are caused by the presence and growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract, are perhaps the single commonest bacterial infections of mankind. Urinary tract infection is a most common infectious disease after respiratory tract infection in community practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess the drug resistance pattern of the isolated organism while treating UTIs. Material & Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period of July 2008 to June 2011. In the planning phase, we estimated a total sample size of 750 cases. The study population comprised of four hundred fifty (450) female patients clinically suspected of having UTI aged between 15-45 years attending the OPDs or admitted to Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, SZMCH, Bogra, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Bogra, Bangladesh, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur in the Northern regions of Bangladesh. Selection of the participants of the study population was done on the basis of some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) of the present study population was therefore 33.55%. Among the 151 confirm diagnosed UTI patients, asymptomatic UTI (Group A) was diagnosed in 54 women whereas, significant bacteriuria i.e. symptomatic UTI (Group B) was found in 97 patients. The prevalence of symptomatic UTI was therefore higher than asymptomatic UTI. The highest UTI patients 68 (44.44%) were women within the 26-35 years age group followed by Group-C 46 (31.08%) whose ages are within 36-45 years, while the Group-A women (15-25 years of age) were the least sufferers of UTI (24.83%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated uropathogens (both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) from the urine samples of the study population has been shown. The results showed that in general most of the urinary isolates showed higher resistance to commonly used and comparatively old drugs namely- Nalidixic acid, Cotrimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin. Cephradine showed moderate resistance (55%). On the other hand, Staphylococcus saprophyticus was found to be highly sensitive to Imipenem (80%), followed by gentamicin (71.4%), Azithromycin (65.7%), Amikacin (64.3%). Ceftriaxone and Nirofurantoin both showed moderate sensitivity of 60%. Staphylococcus aureus showed highest resistance to Ceftazidine (78%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.5%), Cotrimoxazole and Nalidixic acid (75%), Ceftriaxone (66.7%). Conclusion: The major pathogen E. Coli causing UTI in the Northern regions of Bangladesh and other gram negative (as well as gram positive) isolates were more highly sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin and Gentamicin as compared to the other antibiotics tested.
Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), which are caused by the presence and growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract, are perhaps the single commonest bacterial infections of mankind. Urinary tract infection is a most common infectious disease after respiratory tract infection in community practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study...
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Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia Presenting with Vaso-Occlusive Crises in University College Hospital, Ibadan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
55-62
Received:
2 June 2020
Accepted:
19 June 2020
Published:
4 July 2020
Abstract: Recurrent bone pain or vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) constitutes a major presentation in patients with sickle cell anaemia. This is partly attributable to vasospasm, oxidative stress and inflammation. Xanthine oxidase is released during VOC and it had been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone pain crisis in patients with sickle cell anaemia. This study was aimed at comparing the plasma levels of xanthine oxidase activity in adult patients with Sickle cell anaemia (SCA), during bone pain crisis (BPC) and steady state and correlating it with the severity of bone pain crisis. Thirty adult sickle cell anemia patients with BPC and 30 in steady state attending Haematology clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and 30 normal haemoglobin A, age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled for this study. Severity of BPC was assessed with total summary pain score. Haematological parameters were determined by a 5-part autoanalyzer. Plasma xanthine oxidase activity was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Biochemical parameters were correlated with the severity of bone pain crisis. Plasma xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in the BPC group than in the steady state group (p=0.000) and HbA group (p=0.000). There steady state group plasma xanthine oxidase activity was also significantly higher than that of HbA group (p-0.032). Similarly, the plasma Plasma xanthine oxidase activity was significantly higher in all BPC severity group than steady state group with associated significantly low positive correlation of xanthine oxidase activity and bone pain severity. This study established that plasma xanthine oxidase activity was higher in patients with SCA presenting in bone pain crisis than steady state and HbA individual with associated positive correlation between plasma xanthine oxidase activity and bone pain severity.
Abstract: Recurrent bone pain or vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) constitutes a major presentation in patients with sickle cell anaemia. This is partly attributable to vasospasm, oxidative stress and inflammation. Xanthine oxidase is released during VOC and it had been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone pain crisis in patients with sickle cell anaemia. This s...
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