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Estimates of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation Study for Yield and It’s Attributes in Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Atnafua Bekele,
T. Nageshwar Rao
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
1-4
Received:
5 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.11
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Abstract: A study of heritability, genetic advance and correlation was undertaken at College of Agricultural farm; Rajendranagar under rain fed condition in 2002-2003 randomized block design with three replications. It was done using twenty four hybrids with their parents (six lines and four testers) including two checks namely Mandhuri and DHM 105. The characters plant height, ear height, number of seeds per row, 100 seed weight, protein content, and grain yield per plot revealed higher values of heritability. High genetic advance coupled with heritability was observed for plant height, grain yield per plot and protein content. Thus selection based on these traits will be effective in maize breeding program. Correlation study showed negative and significant association between grain yield and oil content at genotypic level.
Abstract: A study of heritability, genetic advance and correlation was undertaken at College of Agricultural farm; Rajendranagar under rain fed condition in 2002-2003 randomized block design with three replications. It was done using twenty four hybrids with their parents (six lines and four testers) including two checks namely Mandhuri and DHM 105. The char...
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Oxygen Consumption and Lipoxygenase Activity in Isolated Tomato Fruit Chromoplasts
Djédoux Maxime Angaman,
Marta Renato,
Joaquín Azcón-Bieto,
Albert Boronat
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
5-8
Received:
28 November 2013
Published:
10 January 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.12
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Abstract: This Study using purified tomato fruit chromoplasts has shown significant rates of oxygen consumption even in the absence of external precursors. Oxygen consumption rates increased up to 7-fold when chromoplast samples were incubated for 24 h at room temperature. This increase in oxygen consumption is most likely due to the activation of lipoxygenase in the chromoplasts.
Abstract: This Study using purified tomato fruit chromoplasts has shown significant rates of oxygen consumption even in the absence of external precursors. Oxygen consumption rates increased up to 7-fold when chromoplast samples were incubated for 24 h at room temperature. This increase in oxygen consumption is most likely due to the activation of lipoxygena...
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Medium Improvement for Higher Growth and Longer Stationary Phase of Dunaliella
Suong Nguyen,
Duc Tran,
Sixto Portilla,
Trung Vo
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
9-13
Received:
31 December 2013
Published:
20 January 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.13
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Abstract: Beta-carotene is a valuable carotenoid in high demand as a natural food coloring agent, provitamin A, additive to cosmetics, and health food. It can be accumulated up to more than 10% of cellular dry weight of Dunaliella salina under carotenogenic conditions such as high irradiance, high temperature, high salt concentration and nutrient deficiency. High beta-carotene productivity in Dunaliella is best achieved in a two-phase culture system through biomass optimization and beta-carotene induction. A low-cost enriched natural seawater medium (MD4) was previously investigated for biomass optimization (Tran et al., 2014); However, the culture declined rapidly after reaching the stationary phase. Thus the present study is to further improve the effectiveness of this enriched natural seawater medium (MD4) for higher growth and longer stationary phase in order to avoid quick crash phase. Algal culture in MD4 medium used as control medium was subjected to 13 different feeding treatments (TM1 TM13) using a matrix of concentrations of various compounds (NPK, KNO3, KH2PO4). Dunaliella growth was determined based on chlorophyll concentration, cell density. Results revealed the best feeding treatment was TM4 (NPK 0.15g/l) with cell density doubling one week compared with cell density in the control medium, and is recommended for use in the first phase biomass optimization of Dunaliella.
Abstract: Beta-carotene is a valuable carotenoid in high demand as a natural food coloring agent, provitamin A, additive to cosmetics, and health food. It can be accumulated up to more than 10% of cellular dry weight of Dunaliella salina under carotenogenic conditions such as high irradiance, high temperature, high salt concentration and nutrient deficiency...
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Basal Fertilizer Effects on Weed Occurrence and Rice Yield in Acid Upland Soil of West Africa at Bénin
Brahima Koné,
Karidia Traoré,
Amadou Touré
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
14-22
Received:
5 January 2014
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.14
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Abstract: Fertilizers application is required in order to improve rice production in low fertile soils of West Africa. This practice can also increase weed pressure in rice field, thereby reducing yield significantly. Chemotropism of weed was hypothesized to identify nutrient effects on weed abundance and biomass production as well as rice yield for suitable recommendation of basal fertilizer in terre de barre soil agro-ecology. Two years (2005 and 2006) fertilizer omission trial including nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) was conducted in a randomized completed block design, with 4 replications at the Africa Rice Center experiment station, in Benin. The New Rice for Africa named NERICA 4 was sown. Weed dominance-abundance indices and biomass, as well as, rice grain yield were assessed. Results show that Digitaria horizontalis Wild and Mariscus cylindristachyus Steudel were the most dominant weed species in rainfed rice fields on terre de barre soils and the omission of Zn has ability to discriminate among weeds. Base on weed biomass (60.11 – 129.26 g m-2) reduction by 36 – 53% in treatments with Ca, Mg and P omission, the application of N, K and Zn was recommendable for basal fertilizer as integrated weed management practice for boosting rice production on terre de barre soils in West Africa.
Abstract: Fertilizers application is required in order to improve rice production in low fertile soils of West Africa. This practice can also increase weed pressure in rice field, thereby reducing yield significantly. Chemotropism of weed was hypothesized to identify nutrient effects on weed abundance and biomass production as well as rice yield for suitable...
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Molecular Mechanisms and Mediators of the Immune Response in Plants
Anna Boyajyan,
Hakob Devejyan,
Vardan Haykazyan,
Gevorg Avetisyan,
Donara Khanoyan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
23-30
Received:
11 January 2014
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.15
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Abstract: The purpose of this review article is to analyze, sum up and discuss the existing knowledge and recent concepts on the plant immune system based on the available literature. The main attention is focused on the major molecular players, mediators and regulators of this system, as well as on mechanisms of generation and progression of the different types of the immune response playing an important role in plant physiology, regeneration, resistance, and defense against a broad number of pathogens.
Abstract: The purpose of this review article is to analyze, sum up and discuss the existing knowledge and recent concepts on the plant immune system based on the available literature. The main attention is focused on the major molecular players, mediators and regulators of this system, as well as on mechanisms of generation and progression of the different t...
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Bioantifungal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts against Root Rot of Fungal Disease
Rozihawati Zahari,
Normala Halimoon,
Ahmad Said Sajap,
Mohd Farid Ahmad,
Mohamad Roslan Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
31-36
Received:
19 January 2014
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.16
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Abstract: Root rot disease of fungal such as Ganoderma philippii, Phellinus noxius and Rigidoporus microporus are well known destructive fungus to plant root. The in vitro antifungal screening of selected medicinal plants was studied against the disease. The twelve of Malaysian medicinal plants including the leaves of Aglaia argentea, A. leucophylla, A. grandis, A. odorata, A. odoratissima, A. varrisquama, Alium sativum (bulbs) and Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus stems and leaves, Derris elliptica leaves and Tinospora baenzigeri stems were extracted using different types of solvents extraction i.e, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone and methanol at the concentration of 20 mg/mL. The extracts were studied for antifungal activities against three species of fungal disease including G. Philippii, P. noxius and R. microporus. The antifungal activities of the extracts were determined by the presence or absence of fungal inhibition zone growth on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The extracts shows a significant results but varying in their antifungal activities on the selected fungal. The DCM and acetone extracts of C. roseus stems had the highest antifungal activities against R. microporus fungus compared to methanolic extract. On the other hand, acetone extracts of A. argentea leaves also gave the highest antifungal activities against G. philippii compared to other extracts. However, all of the extracts didn’t show any inhibition zone on P. noxius culture. In general, the DCM extracts of C. roseus stems contain the most of bio-antifungal of active compounds against R. microporus of fungal disease.
Abstract: Root rot disease of fungal such as Ganoderma philippii, Phellinus noxius and Rigidoporus microporus are well known destructive fungus to plant root. The in vitro antifungal screening of selected medicinal plants was studied against the disease. The twelve of Malaysian medicinal plants including the leaves of Aglaia argentea, A. leucophylla, A. gran...
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Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Anadenanthera Colubrina in Response to Weight and Temperature Conditions
Francisco Carlos Barboza Nogueira,
Charles Lobo Pinheiro,
Sebastião Medeiros Filho,
Dalva Maria da Silva Matos
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
37-42
Received:
28 January 2014
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.17
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Abstract: The aim of the study was investigated the effects of seed weight and temperature on the germination behavior, and development of seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina. Germination was carried out using the five constant temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC) under photoperiod (12h) and two classes of seeds: heavy (≥ 0.095g) and light (<0.095g). The experimental design was totally random, with four replications of 25 seeds. The temperature was significant for germination percentage, germination velocity index and mean germination time. There was no effect of seed weight, and there was no interaction between temperature and seed weight for three response variables. Optimum germination for A. colubrina seeds was recorded in four of the five temperatures studied (20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) for both heavy and light seeds. At each temperature, the average root length was similar and, the seedling dry weight was greater for the heavy seed class. There was no effect of temperature on the seed mass to the production of normal seedlings, except at 40ºC. Variation in seed weight, in A. colubrina, can be a part of their strategy for increasing the probability of success of seed germination and subsequent survival of the species a regeneration niche.
Abstract: The aim of the study was investigated the effects of seed weight and temperature on the germination behavior, and development of seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina. Germination was carried out using the five constant temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC) under photoperiod (12h) and two classes of seeds: heavy (≥ 0.095g) and light (...
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Regression Analysis to Estimate Enset (Enset Ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) Kocho Yield from Vegetative Linear Dimensions
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
43-49
Received:
25 December 2013
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.18
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Abstract: The objective of this research was to develop multiple regression models which will enable to predict kocho yield from linear dimensions of enset considering different clones. The experiment was carried out at Areka Agricultural Research on-station site on a total number of 328 enset clones from the six major enset growing areas of Southern Ethiopia (59, 46, 49, 44, 49, and 81 from Gofa, Guragie, Wolaita, Sidamo, Dawro and Kembata respectively).Plant height and pseudostem circumference were found out to be the best non-destructive enset kocho yield predictors. The R2 value for estimating fermented unsqueezed kocho yield was about 0.78 with the equation FUNK= -26.12 + 5.43 PH + 20.05 PSC describing the relationship of fermented un-squeezed kocho as a function of enset plant height and pseudostem circumference measurements. From the slope of linear relation line which was forced through the origin the amount of kocho in un-squeezed kocho is about 69% and the rest 31% will be the moisture. In an attempt to estimate fiber yield from measurements of the vegetative parameters, none of the regression relationships gave a significant result.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to develop multiple regression models which will enable to predict kocho yield from linear dimensions of enset considering different clones. The experiment was carried out at Areka Agricultural Research on-station site on a total number of 328 enset clones from the six major enset growing areas of Southern Ethiopi...
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Development of High Yielding Taro (Colocacia esculenta L.) Variety for Mid Altitude Growing Areas of Southern Ethiopia
Yared Dagne,
Tewodros Mulualem,
Asfaw Kifle
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
50-54
Received:
24 December 2013
Published:
20 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.19
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Abstract: Seasonal food shortage is amongst the principal problems of farmers in mid-altitude areas of Southern Ethiopia. In some of the world’s poorest nations, taro and sweet potato are important part of food security packages. Globally, taro is grown over a wide range of environments from 1,300-2,300m.a.s.l.; mostly by the resource poor farmers. Its compatibility with various types of limited in put farming systems (versatility) and reliability under conditions such as drought, high rain fall, and low soil fertility have made it attractive crop to farmers. There is no improved variety of taros so far released to farmers, and hence this trial was carried out to develop high yielding taro for the region and for possible official release. The experiment was carried out using RCB design at three distinctive locations namely Areka, Donga Tunto and Yirga-chefe using 11 taro accessions plus one local check from the respective locations during 2000-2002. There were significant difference exists among the materials tested and the top yielder variety (ARC/064/96) was promoted for further verification trial on farmer’s field. From the results of verification trial it was observed that farmers show great interest towards the candidate variety on top of the local ones. Finally after repeated evaluation made by National Variety Releasing Committee (NVRC), this variety has officially been released for mid altitude agro-ecology and similar growing areas of SNNPR with wet heavy fertile soil. The new variety is named as Boloso-one.
Abstract: Seasonal food shortage is amongst the principal problems of farmers in mid-altitude areas of Southern Ethiopia. In some of the world’s poorest nations, taro and sweet potato are important part of food security packages. Globally, taro is grown over a wide range of environments from 1,300-2,300m.a.s.l.; mostly by the resource poor farmers. Its compa...
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Cluster Analysis for Evaluation of Genetic Diversity inEnset (Enset ventricosum(Welw.) Cheesman) Clones at Areka Condition
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
55-69
Received:
14 January 2014
Published:
28 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.20
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Abstract: 279accessions of Enset ventricosum were tested at ArekaAgriculturalResearchCenterin a non-replicated field. The objectives of the study were to assess the diversity of these accessions based on key morphological descriptors and evaluate the accessions based on yield and yield related traits. Data on six qualitative and 22 quantitative traits were collected and subjected to various statistical analyses. Cluster analysis based on qualitative characters indicated the formation of six clusters and existence of variability, based on their leaf, midrib and petiole traits. The result of Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H`) showed thatlowlevels of diversity existed among the 279 Enset ventricosumaccessions based on the frequency of the phenotypic charactersconsidered. Analysis of variance for quantitative characters indicated significant variation among the accessions in all the 22 yield and yield components of an enset plant. Cluster analysis based on quantitative characters indicated the formation of six clusters and showing cluster five with the highest values for yield and yield components for the majority of the characters followed by cluster IV. The cluster and distance analysis of quantitative characters pointed out the distance between most of the clusters were highly significant (P < 0.01) suggesting diversity among accessions in different clusters. The maximum inter-clusters distance (D2 = 256.45) was noticed between cluster III and V followed by I and V (D2 = 228.59) and II and V (D2 = 206.10) suggesting diversity between these groups. Correlation study between various quantitative characters showed highly significant association among characters. Maturity time has a negative correlation with yield and yield components of an enset plant.
Abstract: 279accessions of Enset ventricosum were tested at ArekaAgriculturalResearchCenterin a non-replicated field. The objectives of the study were to assess the diversity of these accessions based on key morphological descriptors and evaluate the accessions based on yield and yield related traits. Data on six qualitative and 22 quantitative traits were c...
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Extraction and Purification of Flaxseed Proteins and Studying their Antibacterial Activities
Mohammad Hassan Houshdar Tehrani,
Rumeysa Batal,
Mohammad Kamalinejad,
Arash Mahbubi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
70-76
Received:
25 December 2013
Published:
28 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.21
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Abstract: Flaxseed or linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an annual herb belongs to the Linaceae family. It is cultivated worldwide and has been used for its oil seed and fiber since ancient times in Egypt, Rome and Greece. Nowadays it is considered as a medicinal plant in Asia, Europe and North America. Therapeutic effects of flaxseed fixed oil have been reported in several publications, but there are only few reports on biological activities of the flaxseed proteins. In the present study antimicrobial activities of the flaxseed proteins have been investigated. Hemogenized flaxseed flour was at first defatted and demucilaged, and its protein content was extracted in distilled water. After centrifugation, proteins of supernatant were isolated by adjusting pH. Gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on the protein extact gave fairly pure protein fractions, which antibacterial activities were examined against several microorganisms using the microbial micro-plate dilution method. The results showed that flaxseed proteins have an inhibitory activity on bacteria especially against Entrococcus foecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Our experiment also revealed that mucilage composition as carbohydrates would not contribute in the inhibitory effect, but in fact, might cover and inhibit the antibacterial activity of flaxseed proteins. Moreover, it is possible that the carbohydrate components of flaxseed promote the microorganism growth.
Abstract: Flaxseed or linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an annual herb belongs to the Linaceae family. It is cultivated worldwide and has been used for its oil seed and fiber since ancient times in Egypt, Rome and Greece. Nowadays it is considered as a medicinal plant in Asia, Europe and North America. Therapeutic effects of flaxseed fixed oil have been re...
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Screening of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesizing Capacities of Some Medicinal Plants of Nepal
Khem Raj Giri,
Bibek GC,
Dipen Kharel,
Bimala Subba
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
77-81
Received:
16 December 2013
Published:
28 February 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20140201.22
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Abstract: In this study, three plants i.e. J. adhatoda, A. vulgaris and P. guajava native to Pashupati area and Jorpati of Nepal were screened to evaluate the phytochemical and antioxidant activities due to their high medicinal value. The dried leaves were extracted with three solvents: hexane, methanol and distill water. The extracts were subjected to various phytochemical tests. The test confirmed the presence of various phytochemicals. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts were evaluated by FRAP assay. The antioxidant activity of J. adhatoda was found to be 0.794mM Fe (II)/L, A. vulgaris to be 0.949 mM Fe (II)/L and P. guajava was found to be 2.035 mM Fe (II)/L. Fresh aqueous leaf extracts of A. vulgaris and J. adhatoda were used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
Abstract: In this study, three plants i.e. J. adhatoda, A. vulgaris and P. guajava native to Pashupati area and Jorpati of Nepal were screened to evaluate the phytochemical and antioxidant activities due to their high medicinal value. The dried leaves were extracted with three solvents: hexane, methanol and distill water. The extracts were subjected to var...
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