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Research Article
Research and Application of Temporary Plugging Agent Technology for High-Pressure Wells in Gas Storage Facilities
Yang Dong*,
Zhang Yi,
Ren Yongqiang,
Zhang Wei,
Wei Zhihong,
Wu Shuhe
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
41-46
Received:
3 May 2024
Accepted:
4 June 2024
Published:
13 June 2024
Abstract: Before various construction of gas storage well, in order to ensure safety, the reservoir must be temporarily blocked, degassed by circulation and no gas in the well can be operated. There are many temporary plugging methods for oil and gas wells. This paper studies the more advanced micro mesh gel temporary plugging technology in the industry and its application in gas storage wells, which mainly solves the problems of poor degradation backflow effect and difficult permeability recovery caused by weak formation stability after temporary plugging of gas storage wells. Research points: (1) On the basis of ordinary gel, through the fusion with cross-linking agent with special structure, a micron network polymer with significant steric hindrance effect on water molecules is finally formed, which improves the strength and stability of the gel system. (2) Add hexamethylene tetramine, bisphenol propane, delayed cross-linking agent and stabilizer into the polymer aqueous solution. It is verified by laboratory tests that the micron mesh gel can be formed after constant temperature coagulation for 3h~70h at ambient temperature of 90°C~170°C. (3) The temperature resistance, permeability and gel breaking of micron mesh gel are tested in the laboratory, and the results can meet the construction requirements. (4) After the temporary plugging operation of Well Su 49K-2X in the gas storage reservoir of Huabei Oilfield is completed, the degradation products of gel breaking will flow back smoothly to ensure that the well can be put into normal injection and production quickly. The test results show that: (1) Micron mesh gel has the advantages of long plugging validity, high temperature resistance, low viscosity after gel breaking, no residue, thorough gel breaking, no formation plugging pollution, and no impact on the original reservoir permeability. It is a new green plugging technology suitable for deep buried high-temperature depleted oil and gas reservoirs. (2) Before construction, the well temperature shall be measured to conduct test injection, so as to prevent gas invasion from affecting the construction effect. The pump injection displacement is designed to be redundant, so as to prevent the low molecular solution from not reaching the design position in the well on time, and the formation of solid rubber plugs at other positions in the well from affecting the construction.
Abstract: Before various construction of gas storage well, in order to ensure safety, the reservoir must be temporarily blocked, degassed by circulation and no gas in the well can be operated. There are many temporary plugging methods for oil and gas wells. This paper studies the more advanced micro mesh gel temporary plugging technology in the industry and ...
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Research Article
Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Mixing Solidification Strength of Marine Soft Soil
Zhang Qijun,
Wang Zhiqiang,
Xiao Huijin,
Feng Jialiang,
Qiao Fengyang,
Bai Xiaoyu*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
47-53
Received:
5 May 2024
Accepted:
4 June 2024
Published:
13 June 2024
Abstract: It is a common problem that the soft soil solidified strength by mixing is low. In order to search for the sensitive factors that affect the solidified strength, a certain marine soft soil is taken as an object, four influencing factors, such as solidified material and its dosage, mixing uniformity, water-cement ratio and curing environment, were selected for experimental study, the results show that: (1) the effect of the curing material and its content on the curing strength is obvious: the curing agent of HR soft clay is 183-212% of the cement curing strength, and the curing strength of the same kind of curing material with 20% is 25-44% higher than that of 15%. 2 mixing uniformity has a significant effect on the curing strength: the curing strength of slurry and soft soil after mixing for 1 minute is very different, and the average strength is only 10% of the full mixing strength. The average strength of the three-minute-agitation was 49-50% of the full-agitation strength, while the average strength of the six-minute-agitation strength was 92-93% of the full-agitation strength. 3 the effect of water-cement ratio on the curing strength is obvious: the curing strength decreases by 24-47% when the water-cement ratio is 1.0 vs 0.6, and by 75-80% when the water-cement ratio is 3.0 vs 0.6. 4 curing environment has obvious influence on curing strength: compared with standard curing condition, curing strength of low temperature curing condition is reduced by 52-57%. This study has important guiding significance for soft soil foundation treatment and solidified soil based on soft soil.
Abstract: It is a common problem that the soft soil solidified strength by mixing is low. In order to search for the sensitive factors that affect the solidified strength, a certain marine soft soil is taken as an object, four influencing factors, such as solidified material and its dosage, mixing uniformity, water-cement ratio and curing environment, were s...
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Research Article
Evaluation of the Pilot Test Effect of Steam Stimulation in Horizontal Wells of Sand Bodies 1-1308 in Bohai L Oilfield
Shichao Chai*,
Zhengxin Lian,
Jianjun Zheng,
Enlin Li
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
54-57
Received:
11 May 2024
Accepted:
14 June 2024
Published:
19 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20241203.13
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Abstract: In order to reduce the risk of large-scale thermal recovery of heavy oil in Bohai Oilfield, L Oilfield is selected to carry out horizontal well steam stimulation pilot tests. Previous studies have summarized the rationality of the injection parameters and initial production characteristics of this experiment, but the evaluation of its development effectiveness is still blank. Based on the study of the decline law of A23H well cold recovery using reservoir engineering methods, this article evaluates the initial production capacity, production increase effect, technical recoverable reserves, and throughput cycles of steam stimulation. The results show that the thermal recovery production of steam stimulation is three times that of cold recovery, which can significantly improve the production capacity of a single well. The initial daily oil production of two wells is 74m3/d and 90m3/d, respectively, which is 3.0 times and 3.6 times that of the initial production of cold recovery, exceeding the design level of the reservoir; The first round has the best yield increase effect, with an average daily oil increase of 31m3/d, and gradually decreasing thereafter. By the fifth round, it was only 13m3/d. In terms of yield increase multiples, each round can reach about 2 times; The technically recoverable reserves are 19.03 × 104m3, requiring 8-9 rounds. Through this performance evaluation, we have strengthened our confidence in promoting the application of steam injection technology in Bohai Oilfield to achieve large-scale thermal recovery.
Abstract: In order to reduce the risk of large-scale thermal recovery of heavy oil in Bohai Oilfield, L Oilfield is selected to carry out horizontal well steam stimulation pilot tests. Previous studies have summarized the rationality of the injection parameters and initial production characteristics of this experiment, but the evaluation of its development e...
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Research Article
Effectiveness Analysis of the Combined Detection of CEA, SCC, CYFRA21-1, NSE and ProGRP for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Shufang Zhou,
Xiaojun Ge*,
Zhifang Yang,
Fei Zeng
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
58-62
Received:
25 April 2024
Accepted:
4 June 2024
Published:
19 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20241203.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Objective To explore the diagnostic value and application effect of the combined detection of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), SCC (squamous cell carcinoma antigen), CYFRA21-1 (soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19), NSE (neuron specific enolase) and proGRP (gastrin releasing peptide precursor) in early lung cancer. Method 66 patients who admitted to the hospital from April 2019 to February 2024 were selected as the early stage lung cancer group and the other 159 patients were selected as the benign lung group, in which all subjects were tested for NSE, CEA, ProGRP, CYFRA21-1, and SCC levels and were confirmed by histopathological analysis. In ROC analysis, the cut-off point, AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity between single and combined detection indicators are analyzed. Result The size of cut-off point, AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative detection rate and accuracy rate is 0.3072, 0.790, 89.33%, 0.894, 0.893, 89.40% (59/66), 89.31% (142/159) and 89.33% ((142+59)/225) respectively and it is obviously superior to those of single detection method. Meanwhile, indicator of SCC showed the worst performance by single detection. Conclusion The combined detection indicators have high diagnostic value in early diagnosis of lung cancer, and the sensitivity, positive detection rate, AUC value and accuracy have been significantly improved.
Abstract: Objective To explore the diagnostic value and application effect of the combined detection of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), SCC (squamous cell carcinoma antigen), CYFRA21-1 (soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19), NSE (neuron specific enolase) and proGRP (gastrin releasing peptide precursor) in early lung cancer. Method 66 patients who admitted to t...
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Research Article
Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Han Han,
Yuchen Chen,
Xiyong Wang*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
63-67
Received:
14 May 2024
Accepted:
17 June 2024
Published:
19 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20241203.15
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Abstract: Small cell lung cancer has high malignant degree, rapid progression and poor prognosis, and has lacked effective treatment strategies for a long time. In the past, the treatment strategy for small cell lung cancer has been dominated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and although first-line treatment is highly effective, the vast majority of patients will relapse and become resistant within a year.In recent years, the application and research of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer have been increasing, bringing new hope for survival of small cell lung cancer patients, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated long-lasting efficacy and clinical activity of programmed death receptor/ligand-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 in small cell lung cancer. The main immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been well studied in small cell lung cancer are Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Serplulimab, Tislelizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Adebrelimab and Ipilimumab. In this paper, the research progress of these drugs is reviewed, and the research progress of the combined application of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors, WEE1 inhibitors, etc. The final results showed that immune checkpoint inhibitors brought survival benefits to patients with small cell lung cancer. However, due to the particularity of this disease, the survival time is still shorter than that of non-small cell lung cancer. It is expected that follow-up studies can further extend the survival time of patients.
Abstract: Small cell lung cancer has high malignant degree, rapid progression and poor prognosis, and has lacked effective treatment strategies for a long time. In the past, the treatment strategy for small cell lung cancer has been dominated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and although first-line treatment is highly effective, the vast majority of patient...
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Research Article
Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors
Pu Shi*,
Yutian Zhang,
Genggeng Gao,
Ling Lei
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
68-72
Received:
21 March 2024
Accepted:
17 June 2024
Published:
19 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.
Abstract: The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental...
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Research Article
Research on the Application of Efficient Replacement Technology for Wellhead Casing Heads in Gas Storage Facilities
Yang Dong*,
Ren Yongqiang,
Zhang Wei,
Wei Zhihong,
Wang Jianbao,
Zhou Jianhua
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
73-77
Received:
14 May 2024
Accepted:
19 June 2024
Published:
25 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20241203.17
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Views:
Abstract: When it comes to gas storage facilities, it generally refers to underground gas storage facilities. Underground gas storage is a supporting project of long-distance pipelines, which is an artificial gas field or reservoir formed by injecting natural gas back into the underground space where gas can be stored. Suqiao Gas Storage is currently the deepest buried and highest pressure storage group in China. The storage group is located in Bazhou City and Yongqing County, Hebei Province, consisting of 5 gas storage facilities including Su 1, Su 20, Su 4, Su 49, and Gu Xinzhuang. The designed storage capacity is 6.738 billion cubic meters, with a working gas of 2.332 billion cubic meters. As of the end of 2020, a total of 3.5 billion cubic meters of gas injection and 2 billion cubic meters of gas production have gradually played an important role in natural gas peak shaving and supply guarantee in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region. The Su 49 well is an injection production well for the reuse of an old well in the Su 49 gas storage. During the gas production period in 2020, there was a phenomenon of wellhead uplift. In order to ensure the safe production of the well, construction began from May 2021 and ended in July 2021. The successful implementation of this well has important reference and guidance significance for the replacement of casing heads in other wells of the gas storage.
Abstract: When it comes to gas storage facilities, it generally refers to underground gas storage facilities. Underground gas storage is a supporting project of long-distance pipelines, which is an artificial gas field or reservoir formed by injecting natural gas back into the underground space where gas can be stored. Suqiao Gas Storage is currently the dee...
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