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S. Optimal Design and Control of Solar/Electric/Reduced Fuel Consumption(IC Engine) Hybrid Powered Vehicle (SEFPHV) Technology
Balamurugan. T,
Manoharan. S
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
80-89
Abstract: This paper proposes an implementation of Solar/Electric/Reduced Fuel consumption(IC Engine) Hybrid Po-wered Vehicle (SEFPHV) technology which is the combination of multi sources. The Vehicle will run with help of solar power, electric power and less amount of fuel energy used to charge the batteries and to drive. Rechargeable batteries are used to drive the BLDC motor into vehicle. Batteries are charged with the help of solar power, plug-in and altered IC En-gine with generator. In sunny days, solar panel is used to charge the batteries. Inspite of using IC engines very less amount of fuel energy is used to charge the battery in rainy seasons. This multi charging vehicle can charge itself from both solar power, altered IC Engine with generator and plug in. For controlling speed of the motor, a switch was designed with two tapping, giving different values of resistance at each tapping. The performance of the SEFPHV was found to be satisfactory for the load of two people with the average speed of 45-50 KM/hr to a mileage of 60 KM with reduced charges. Simulation and Experimental results shows that the performance of SEFPHV to confirm the theoretical analysis and their control schemes has been analyzed and validated.
Abstract: This paper proposes an implementation of Solar/Electric/Reduced Fuel consumption(IC Engine) Hybrid Po-wered Vehicle (SEFPHV) technology which is the combination of multi sources. The Vehicle will run with help of solar power, electric power and less amount of fuel energy used to charge the batteries and to drive. Rechargeable batteries are used to ...
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Technical Challenges in Connecting Wind Energy Converter to the Grid
Agbetuyi A. Felix,
Awelewa A.A.,
Adoghe A.U.,
Awosope C.O.A.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
90-92
Received:
2 May 2013
Published:
20 May 2013
Abstract: Most developing nations of the world are looking towards renewable energy sources as a sustainable option. Among all the energy sources, the one that is matured to the level of connecting it to the grid (either distribution or transmission) is wind energy. As wind energy is increasingly integrated into power systems in some countries of the world, the stability of already existing power systems is becoming a concern and of utmost importance to the power system engineers and operators. This is because the connection of wind generators to the existing grid poses new challenges which have a significant impact on the system and equipment operations in terms of steady state, dynamic operation, reliability, power quality, stability and safety for both the utility and customers. These challenges are due to the fluctuating nature of the wind and the type of wind generator used. In order to supply quality voltage, SVC and STATCOM can be used to control the reactive power at the point of common coupling. Also the use of variable speed wind turbine generator can help in lowering the flicker level. This paper therefore gives the overview of the causes of these challenges, its effect on the existing power system and possible ways of improving the challenges.
Abstract: Most developing nations of the world are looking towards renewable energy sources as a sustainable option. Among all the energy sources, the one that is matured to the level of connecting it to the grid (either distribution or transmission) is wind energy. As wind energy is increasingly integrated into power systems in some countries of the world, ...
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Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater in NEH Region of India.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
93-98
Received:
30 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: In the present study, a natural circulation closed thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater has been tested at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, (27oN, 88oE), Gangtok, Sikkim, India. Data were collected for several sunny and cloudy days. Dynamic response of the system to variations in solar insolation was studied and analyzed. Maximum water temperature obtained was the 75oC while the maximum ambient temperature was 21oC. The performance of the system can be improved by using working fluid as glycol. Glycol as working fluid can be considered for substituting water in the flat plate collector in view of the fact that the fluid has low boiling point coupled with high latent heat.
Abstract: In the present study, a natural circulation closed thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater has been tested at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Post Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, (27oN, 88oE), Gangtok, Sikkim, India. Data were collected for several sunny and cloudy days. Dynamic response of the system t...
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Heat Transfer and Thermal Efficiency of Solar Air Heater Having Artificial Roughness: A Review
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
99-109
Received:
28 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: Artificial roughness applied on the absorber plate is the most efficient method to improve thermal performance of solar air heaters .Experimental investigations appropriate to distinct roughness geometries shows that the enhancement in heat transfer is accompanied by considerable rise in pumping power. In view of the fact, a designer needs to carefully examine shape and orientation of roughness elements in order to choose the best fit roughness geometry for intended application. In this paper some distinguished roughness geometry has been compared on the basis of heat transfer enhancement and thermo hydraulic performance. The objective of this paper is to review various studies, in which different artificial roughness elements are used to enhance the heat transfer rate with little penalty of friction. Correlations developed by various researchers with the help of experimental results for heat transfer and friction factor for solar air heater ducts by taking different roughened surfaces geometries are given in tabular form. These correlations are used to predict the thermo hydraulic performance of solar air heaters having roughened ducts.
Abstract: Artificial roughness applied on the absorber plate is the most efficient method to improve thermal performance of solar air heaters .Experimental investigations appropriate to distinct roughness geometries shows that the enhancement in heat transfer is accompanied by considerable rise in pumping power. In view of the fact, a designer needs to car...
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Wind Power Density Estimation using Meteorological Tower Data
Sardar Maran P,
Ponnusamy R
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
110-114
Received:
3 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: The amount of power in the wind is very dependent on the speed of the wind. Because the power in the wind is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, small differences in the wind speed make a big difference in the power you can make from it. A 10% difference in speed makes about a 33% change in power. This gives rise to the primary reason for wind resource assessment. In order to more accurately predict the potential benefits of a wind power installation, wind speeds and other characteristics of a site’s wind regime must be accurately understood. This gives rise to the primary reason for wind resource assessment. In order to more accurately predict the potential benefits of a wind power installation, wind speeds and other characteristics of a site’s wind regime must be accurately understood. In this paper the important aspects of wind resource assessment for a period of three years from 2010-2012 will be studied for a 50 meter instrumented meteorological tower located at Sathyabama University, Chennai.
Abstract: The amount of power in the wind is very dependent on the speed of the wind. Because the power in the wind is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, small differences in the wind speed make a big difference in the power you can make from it. A 10% difference in speed makes about a 33% change in power. This gives rise to the primary reason for w...
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Thermal Behavior of Crystalline Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell
Balázs Plesz,
Gusztáv Hantos
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
115-119
Received:
29 May 2013
Published:
20 June 2013
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to investigate the thermal behavior of crystalline thin film silicon solar cells, and to determine whether the decrease in cell thickness affects the temperature dependences of the solar cell parameters. For the investigation crystalline solar cells with a photoactive layer thickness of 26, 38 and 50 microns were processed. Sample cells were formed on n+-substrate wafers with n epitaxial layers where due to the low minority carrier lifetime in the substrate only the epitaxial layer participates effectively in the photocurrent generation. The thin photoactive layers were achieved by the etching of the epitaxial layer. On the samples I-V curves and spectral response functions were measured at different temperatures, and the temperature coefficients of the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage and the efficiency were determined. Most of the parameters showed no differences in their temperature behavior, but the temperature dependence of the short circuit current differed on all three sample cells and was in correspondence with the changes of the temperature dependences of the spectral responses. From the results it can be concluded, that decreasing the thickness of the solar cells will have practically no effect on the temperature dependence of the performance and the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells. However the dependence of in the temperature coefficients for the short circuit currents on the thickness of the photoactive layer currents could be of interest for sensor applications, e.g. for the thermal compensation of light sensors.
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to investigate the thermal behavior of crystalline thin film silicon solar cells, and to determine whether the decrease in cell thickness affects the temperature dependences of the solar cell parameters. For the investigation crystalline solar cells with a photoactive layer thickness of 26, 38 and 50 microns were processed...
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Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes
Eshetu Getahun,
Eshetu Getahun,
Nigus Gabiyye,
Nigus Gabiyye
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
120-129
Received:
28 May 2013
Published:
20 June 2013
Abstract: Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.
Abstract: Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experiment...
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Harvesting Energy from Rainfall
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013
Pages:
130-132
Received:
14 June 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: The goal of this project is to utilize energy stored in rain water to provide power to the buildings, which are situated in the regions, affected by power cuts during summer. This can be achieved by making use of a structured disposal pipeline system, use of individual small scale generator turbine, and use of piezoelectric generators to harness the kinetic energy of falling water. This project deals with the required piping design needed for maximum power output. This project also highlights the advantages and the shortcomings of the proposed design and also its feasibility.
Abstract: The goal of this project is to utilize energy stored in rain water to provide power to the buildings, which are situated in the regions, affected by power cuts during summer. This can be achieved by making use of a structured disposal pipeline system, use of individual small scale generator turbine, and use of piezoelectric generators to harness th...
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