Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt <i>Barley</i> (Hordeum <i>vulgare </i>L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia

Zenebech Bizualew; Getachew Mekonnen; Getahun Alemayehu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia

Zenebech Bizualew^*, Getachew Mekonnen, Getahun Alemayehu

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 6)

Received: 10 December 2021 Accepted: 5 February 2022 Published: 28 November 2024

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Abstract

Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
Page(s)	228-243
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Broad Leaved Weeds, Critical Periods, Competition, Gompertz Equation, Logistic Equation, Malt Barley, Yield Loss

References

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Bizualew, Z., Mekonnen, G., Alemayehu, G. (2024). Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(6), 228-243. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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ACS Style

Bizualew, Z.; Mekonnen, G.; Alemayehu, G. Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. J. Plant Sci. 2024, 12(6), 228-243. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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AMA Style

Bizualew Z, Mekonnen G, Alemayehu G. Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 2024;12(6):228-243. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17,
  author = {Zenebech Bizualew and Getachew Mekonnen and Getahun Alemayehu},
  title = {Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {228-243},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20241206.17},
  abstract = {Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia

AU  - Zenebech Bizualew
AU  - Getachew Mekonnen
AU  - Getahun Alemayehu
Y1  - 2024/11/28
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 228
EP  - 243
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
AB  - Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.

VL  - 12
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Zenebech Bizualew

College of Agricultural and Natural Resource, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

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Getachew Mekonnen

College of Agricultural and Natural Resource, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Getahun Alemayehu

College of Agricultural and Natural Resource, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

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Bizualew, Z., Mekonnen, G., Alemayehu, G. (2024). Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(6), 228-243. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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ACS Style

Bizualew, Z.; Mekonnen, G.; Alemayehu, G. Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. J. Plant Sci. 2024, 12(6), 228-243. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

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AMA Style

Bizualew Z, Mekonnen G, Alemayehu G. Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 2024;12(6):228-243. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17,
  author = {Zenebech Bizualew and Getachew Mekonnen and Getahun Alemayehu},
  title = {Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {228-243},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20241206.17},
  abstract = {Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia

AU  - Zenebech Bizualew
AU  - Getachew Mekonnen
AU  - Getahun Alemayehu
Y1  - 2024/11/28
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 228
EP  - 243
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20241206.17
AB  - Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.

VL  - 12
IS  - 6
ER  -

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