Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria

Asabe Mercy Magomya; Gary Garbunga Yebpella; Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe; Odiba John Oko; Sunday Bature Gambo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria

Asabe Mercy Magomya, Gary Garbunga Yebpella, Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe, Odiba John Oko, Sunday Bature Gambo

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 2 September 2020 Accepted: 18 September 2020 Published: 7 October 2020

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Abstract

Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are chemical preservatives commonly used in fruit juice and soft drinks. In this study, a total of 20 commercial brands of such beverages in Nigeria were analysed for Sodium benzoate and Potassium sorbate using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Preliminary validation of the method revealed good accuracy and precision; 94.54 – 97.25% mean recovery was recorded for benzoate and 92.7 – 96.82% for sorbate. % RSD for intraday precision was 1.67% and 2.36% for benzoate and sorbate respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, LOQ) were 1.35, 0.87mg/L for sodium benzoate and 4.11, 2.56mg/L for potassium sorbate. The samples analysed all contained sodium benzoate in concentrations ranging from 25.80 to 245.10 while for potassium sorbate, fourteen samples tested positive with concentrations between 1.36 – 158 mg/L. All the obtained concentrations for potassium sorbate were within acceptable limits but for sodium benzoate, seven samples were found with concentrations above permissible limits. Exposure estimation and health risk assessment carried out in this study revealed potential risks from the sodium benzoate content of some samples. The consumers that are prone to these risks are mainly children with body weights ≤ 30kg. Based on these findings, we recommend that the feeding of soft drinks and related beverages to children should generally be done with caution.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
Page(s)	54-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Preservatives, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Soft Drinks, Fruit Juice, Health Risks

References

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APA Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya, Gary Garbunga Yebpella, Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe, Odiba John Oko, Sunday Bature Gambo. (2020). Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 6(5), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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ACS Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya; Gary Garbunga Yebpella; Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe; Odiba John Oko; Sunday Bature Gambo. Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2020, 6(5), 54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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AMA Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya, Gary Garbunga Yebpella, Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe, Odiba John Oko, Sunday Bature Gambo. Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. Int J Pharm Chem. 2020;6(5):54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11,
  author = {Asabe Mercy Magomya and Gary Garbunga Yebpella and Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe and Odiba John Oko and Sunday Bature Gambo},
  title = {Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {54-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  abstract = {Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are chemical preservatives commonly used in fruit juice and soft drinks. In this study, a total of 20 commercial brands of such beverages in Nigeria were analysed for Sodium benzoate and Potassium sorbate using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Preliminary validation of the method revealed good accuracy and precision; 94.54 – 97.25% mean recovery was recorded for benzoate and 92.7 – 96.82% for sorbate. % RSD for intraday precision was 1.67% and 2.36% for benzoate and sorbate respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, LOQ) were 1.35, 0.87mg/L for sodium benzoate and 4.11, 2.56mg/L for potassium sorbate. The samples analysed all contained sodium benzoate in concentrations ranging from 25.80 to 245.10 while for potassium sorbate, fourteen samples tested positive with concentrations between 1.36 – 158 mg/L. All the obtained concentrations for potassium sorbate were within acceptable limits but for sodium benzoate, seven samples were found with concentrations above permissible limits. Exposure estimation and health risk assessment carried out in this study revealed potential risks from the sodium benzoate content of some samples. The consumers that are prone to these risks are mainly children with body weights ≤ 30kg. Based on these findings, we recommend that the feeding of soft drinks and related beverages to children should generally be done with caution.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria
AU  - Asabe Mercy Magomya
AU  - Gary Garbunga Yebpella
AU  - Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe
AU  - Odiba John Oko
AU  - Sunday Bature Gambo
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 54
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
AB  - Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are chemical preservatives commonly used in fruit juice and soft drinks. In this study, a total of 20 commercial brands of such beverages in Nigeria were analysed for Sodium benzoate and Potassium sorbate using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Preliminary validation of the method revealed good accuracy and precision; 94.54 – 97.25% mean recovery was recorded for benzoate and 92.7 – 96.82% for sorbate. % RSD for intraday precision was 1.67% and 2.36% for benzoate and sorbate respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, LOQ) were 1.35, 0.87mg/L for sodium benzoate and 4.11, 2.56mg/L for potassium sorbate. The samples analysed all contained sodium benzoate in concentrations ranging from 25.80 to 245.10 while for potassium sorbate, fourteen samples tested positive with concentrations between 1.36 – 158 mg/L. All the obtained concentrations for potassium sorbate were within acceptable limits but for sodium benzoate, seven samples were found with concentrations above permissible limits. Exposure estimation and health risk assessment carried out in this study revealed potential risks from the sodium benzoate content of some samples. The consumers that are prone to these risks are mainly children with body weights ≤ 30kg. Based on these findings, we recommend that the feeding of soft drinks and related beverages to children should generally be done with caution.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Asabe Mercy Magomya

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria
Gary Garbunga Yebpella

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria
Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria
Odiba John Oko

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria
Sunday Bature Gambo

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria

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APA Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya, Gary Garbunga Yebpella, Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe, Odiba John Oko, Sunday Bature Gambo. (2020). Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 6(5), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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ACS Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya; Gary Garbunga Yebpella; Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe; Odiba John Oko; Sunday Bature Gambo. Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2020, 6(5), 54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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AMA Style

Asabe Mercy Magomya, Gary Garbunga Yebpella, Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe, Odiba John Oko, Sunday Bature Gambo. Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria. Int J Pharm Chem. 2020;6(5):54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11,
  author = {Asabe Mercy Magomya and Gary Garbunga Yebpella and Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe and Odiba John Oko and Sunday Bature Gambo},
  title = {Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {54-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20200605.11},
  abstract = {Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are chemical preservatives commonly used in fruit juice and soft drinks. In this study, a total of 20 commercial brands of such beverages in Nigeria were analysed for Sodium benzoate and Potassium sorbate using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Preliminary validation of the method revealed good accuracy and precision; 94.54 – 97.25% mean recovery was recorded for benzoate and 92.7 – 96.82% for sorbate. % RSD for intraday precision was 1.67% and 2.36% for benzoate and sorbate respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, LOQ) were 1.35, 0.87mg/L for sodium benzoate and 4.11, 2.56mg/L for potassium sorbate. The samples analysed all contained sodium benzoate in concentrations ranging from 25.80 to 245.10 while for potassium sorbate, fourteen samples tested positive with concentrations between 1.36 – 158 mg/L. All the obtained concentrations for potassium sorbate were within acceptable limits but for sodium benzoate, seven samples were found with concentrations above permissible limits. Exposure estimation and health risk assessment carried out in this study revealed potential risks from the sodium benzoate content of some samples. The consumers that are prone to these risks are mainly children with body weights ≤ 30kg. Based on these findings, we recommend that the feeding of soft drinks and related beverages to children should generally be done with caution.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Selected Fruit Juice and Soft Drink Brands in Nigeria
AU  - Asabe Mercy Magomya
AU  - Gary Garbunga Yebpella
AU  - Ucheoma Chidinma Okpaegbe
AU  - Odiba John Oko
AU  - Sunday Bature Gambo
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 54
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20200605.11
AB  - Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are chemical preservatives commonly used in fruit juice and soft drinks. In this study, a total of 20 commercial brands of such beverages in Nigeria were analysed for Sodium benzoate and Potassium sorbate using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Preliminary validation of the method revealed good accuracy and precision; 94.54 – 97.25% mean recovery was recorded for benzoate and 92.7 – 96.82% for sorbate. % RSD for intraday precision was 1.67% and 2.36% for benzoate and sorbate respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, LOQ) were 1.35, 0.87mg/L for sodium benzoate and 4.11, 2.56mg/L for potassium sorbate. The samples analysed all contained sodium benzoate in concentrations ranging from 25.80 to 245.10 while for potassium sorbate, fourteen samples tested positive with concentrations between 1.36 – 158 mg/L. All the obtained concentrations for potassium sorbate were within acceptable limits but for sodium benzoate, seven samples were found with concentrations above permissible limits. Exposure estimation and health risk assessment carried out in this study revealed potential risks from the sodium benzoate content of some samples. The consumers that are prone to these risks are mainly children with body weights ≤ 30kg. Based on these findings, we recommend that the feeding of soft drinks and related beverages to children should generally be done with caution.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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