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Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats

Received: 17 July 2014     Accepted: 13 August 2014     Published: 20 August 2014
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Abstract

The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
Page(s) 380-386
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garlic, Ginger, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Rats, Leucocytes

References
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    Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. (2014). Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(5), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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    ACS Style

    Joshua Adamu Tende; Joseph Olusegun Ayo; Aliyu Mohammed; Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(5), 380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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    AMA Style

    Joshua Adamu Tende, Joseph Olusegun Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, Abdulkadir Umar Zezi. Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(5):380-386. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13,
      author = {Joshua Adamu Tende and Joseph Olusegun Ayo and Aliyu Mohammed and Abdulkadir Umar Zezi},
      title = {Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {380-386},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140305.13},
      abstract = {The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Extracts on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Liver Enzyme Activities in Wistar Rats
    AU  - Joshua Adamu Tende
    AU  - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
    AU  - Aliyu Mohammed
    AU  - Abdulkadir Umar Zezi
    Y1  - 2014/08/20
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 380
    EP  - 386
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.13
    AB  - The study was designed to investigate the separate and combined effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on haemato-biochemical parameters and liver enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: (Control group 1 ml of distilled water); Group 2: (20 mg/kg of garlic); Group 3: (40 mg/kg of garlic); Group 4: (20 mg/kg of ginger); Group 5: (40 mg/kg of ginger); Group 6: (garlic 10 and ginger 10 mg/kg); Group 7: (garlic 20 and ginger 20 mg/kg). The results obtained showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in the experimental groups that received combined doses of garlic (10 mg/kg) and ginger (10 mg/kg) extract when compared to the control group. There was a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum AST and ALP activities in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of garlic only when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum sodium and potassium concentrations in garlic and ginger extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in serum concentration of both ionized and total calcium in the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The PCV and Hb concentration in garlic and ginger extract treated groups were lower when compared to that of the control group. The RBC count was higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received garlic and ginger extract when compared to that of the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in the total WBC in the groups that received 20 mg/kg of ginger extract and its combination with garlic at various doses and 40 mg/kg of ginger and its combination for neutrophils count, when compared to the control group. There was a significant change (P < 0.05) in rats administered with 40 mg/kg of garlic and its combination for lymphocyte and monocyte count, when compared to the control group. The histological findings in the treated rats showed that the combined doses of garlic and ginger extracts adversely affect the histology of liver tissues. In conclusion, co-administration of garlic and ginger to rats significantly decreased the PCV and Hb concentration, with an elevated RBC count. The liver enzymes activities and serum electrolytes were also altered, hence unsafe for consumption in combined form.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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