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Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal

Received: 15 October 2020     Accepted: 27 October 2020     Published: 4 November 2020
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Abstract

Introduction: Despite much progress, purulent childhood meningitis (PCM) remains a public health problem. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of purulent meningitis in children. Methods: Based on retrospective work carried out over a 4-year period (01 January 2014 to 31 December 2017), we studied the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of cases of purulent meningitis hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Children's Hospital of Diamniadio. Included were all children from 29 days to 15 years of age in whom the diagnosis of purulent meningitis was confirmed by the laboratory. Results: The hospital frequency was 1.9%. The mean age of the patients was 41.0 months. Among the affected children, 68.6% were fully vaccinated. The main germ was Neisseria meningitidis W135 (58.8%). Third generation cephalosporins were the antibiotics of choice (97.1%). No resistance was found to them. The cure rate with sequelae was 5.7%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the germ responsible for 50% of the objective sequelae. The mortality rate was 7.1%. Conclusion: Neisseria meningitidis W135 is the main germ of purulent meningitis in our study. It is not included in the national routine immunization. It is imperative to adapt vaccination to the epidemiological fluctuation of pathogens in our regions.

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14
Page(s) 127-130
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Meningitis, Purulent, Child, Germs, Senegal

References
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[2] Camara B, Cissé MF, Faye PM, Ba M, Tall-Dia A, Diouf S, et al. La méningite purulente en milieu hospitalier pédiatrique à Dakar (Sénégal). Méd Mal infect. 2003; 33: 422-6.
[3] Faye PM, Ba ID, Ba A, Thiongane A, Attiye KM, Sonko A. et al. Pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Senegal. Med Mal Infect. 2015; 45 (11-12): 463-9.
[4] Stanislas H. Management of 61 community acute bacterial meningitis cases at the Lille University Hospital from 01/01/2009 to 01/01/2012 and in line with the 2008 SPILF consensus conference. Medical thesis. Paris:Université du droit et de la sante - Lille 2. 2012.
[5] Zeggai MEATH. Bacterial meningitis in children. Memory. University Abou Bakr Belkaid Tlemcen; 2014.
[6] Youssouf K. Bacterial meningitis in children aged 0 to 15 years old hospitalised in the paediatrics department of the CHU-Gabriel Toure from January to December 2008. Medical thesis. University of Bamako, 2011.
[7] Souad EH. Purulent meningitis in children: retrospective study of 163 cases at the Hassan II hospital in Agadir (Morocco). Medical thesis. Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar. 2002.
[8] Diop O. Purulent meningitis in children: epidemiology and therapeutic approaches (about 300 cases collected at the H. E. A. R. Thesis of medicine. Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar. 1999.
[9] Osuorah D, Shah B, Manjang A, Secka E, Ekwochi U, Ebenebe J. Outbreak of serotype W135 Neisseria meningitidis in central river region of the Gambia between February and June 2012: a hospital-based review of paediatric cases. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015; 18 (1): 41-7.
[10] Xie O, Pollard AJ, Mueller JE, Norheim G. Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: need for a vaccine. Vaccine. 2013; 12, 31 (27): 2852-61.
[11] Delrieu I, Yaro S, Tamekloé TA, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Tall H, Jaillard P, et al. Emergence of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X meningitis in Togo and Burkina Faso. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (5): e19513.
[12] Greenhill AR, Phuanukoonnon S, Michael A, Yoannes M, Orami T, Smith H. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in paediatric meningitis patients at Goroka General Hospital, Papua New Guinea: serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in the pre-vaccine era. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15: 485.
[13] Ba ID, Deme LI, Ba A, Thiongane A, Niang B, Ba A, et al. Meningitis in Neisseria meningitidis W135 of children in Senegal: description of a series of 54 cases collected at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Enfants Albert Royer in Dakar. Dakar Med. 2015; 60 (1).
[14] Manga NM, Ba IO, Diop-Nyafouna SA, Dia-Badiane NM, Fortes-Deguenonvo L, Ka D, et al. Recurrence of cerebrospinal meningitis and emergence of Neisseria meningitidis W135 in Senegal in 2012. Med Mal Infect. 2013; 43: 13-5.
[15] Ndour CT, Manga NM, Dia M, Camara B, Cissé F. Meningitis in Neisseria meningitidis W135 in Senegal from 2000- 2009. Med Mal Infect. 2011; 41 (9): 495-7.
[16] Collard JM, Issaka B, Zaneidou M, Hugonnet S, Nicolas P, Taha MK, et al. Epidemiological changes in meningococcal meningitis in Niger from 2008 to 2011 and the impact of vaccination. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 576.
[17] MenAfriCar consortium. The Diversity of Meningococcal Carriage Across the African Meningitis Belt and the Impact of Vaccination with a Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2015; 212 (8): 1298-307.
[18] Ba O, Fleming JA, Dieye Y, Wa Mutombo BM, Ba M, Cisse MF, et al. Hospital surveillance of childhood bacterial meningitis in Senegal and the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010; 83 (6): 1330-5.
[19] Gomis GCH. Pneumococcal meningitis in paediatric settings: about 362 cases collected at H. E. A. R. Thesis of medicine. Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar. 1998.
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  • APA Style

    Idrissa Basse, Papa Moctar Faye, Amadou Sow, Marie Acakpo, Ndiogou Seck, et al. (2020). Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(4), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14

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    ACS Style

    Idrissa Basse; Papa Moctar Faye; Amadou Sow; Marie Acakpo; Ndiogou Seck, et al. Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(4), 127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14

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    AMA Style

    Idrissa Basse, Papa Moctar Faye, Amadou Sow, Marie Acakpo, Ndiogou Seck, et al. Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(4):127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14,
      author = {Idrissa Basse and Papa Moctar Faye and Amadou Sow and Marie Acakpo and Ndiogou Seck and Lamine Thiam and Ndieme Ndiaye and Dina Obambi and Djibril Boiro and Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo and Ndeye Ramatoulaye Diagne Gueye and Ousmane Ndiaye},
      title = {Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal},
      journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {127-130},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200504.14},
      abstract = {Introduction: Despite much progress, purulent childhood meningitis (PCM) remains a public health problem. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of purulent meningitis in children. Methods: Based on retrospective work carried out over a 4-year period (01 January 2014 to 31 December 2017), we studied the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of cases of purulent meningitis hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Children's Hospital of Diamniadio. Included were all children from 29 days to 15 years of age in whom the diagnosis of purulent meningitis was confirmed by the laboratory. Results: The hospital frequency was 1.9%. The mean age of the patients was 41.0 months. Among the affected children, 68.6% were fully vaccinated. The main germ was Neisseria meningitidis W135 (58.8%). Third generation cephalosporins were the antibiotics of choice (97.1%). No resistance was found to them. The cure rate with sequelae was 5.7%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the germ responsible for 50% of the objective sequelae. The mortality rate was 7.1%. Conclusion: Neisseria meningitidis W135 is the main germ of purulent meningitis in our study. It is not included in the national routine immunization. It is imperative to adapt vaccination to the epidemiological fluctuation of pathogens in our regions.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Purulent Meningitis in Children: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases in Senegal
    AU  - Idrissa Basse
    AU  - Papa Moctar Faye
    AU  - Amadou Sow
    AU  - Marie Acakpo
    AU  - Ndiogou Seck
    AU  - Lamine Thiam
    AU  - Ndieme Ndiaye
    AU  - Dina Obambi
    AU  - Djibril Boiro
    AU  - Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo
    AU  - Ndeye Ramatoulaye Diagne Gueye
    AU  - Ousmane Ndiaye
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14
    T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    SP  - 127
    EP  - 130
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-966X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200504.14
    AB  - Introduction: Despite much progress, purulent childhood meningitis (PCM) remains a public health problem. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of purulent meningitis in children. Methods: Based on retrospective work carried out over a 4-year period (01 January 2014 to 31 December 2017), we studied the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of cases of purulent meningitis hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Children's Hospital of Diamniadio. Included were all children from 29 days to 15 years of age in whom the diagnosis of purulent meningitis was confirmed by the laboratory. Results: The hospital frequency was 1.9%. The mean age of the patients was 41.0 months. Among the affected children, 68.6% were fully vaccinated. The main germ was Neisseria meningitidis W135 (58.8%). Third generation cephalosporins were the antibiotics of choice (97.1%). No resistance was found to them. The cure rate with sequelae was 5.7%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the germ responsible for 50% of the objective sequelae. The mortality rate was 7.1%. Conclusion: Neisseria meningitidis W135 is the main germ of purulent meningitis in our study. It is not included in the national routine immunization. It is imperative to adapt vaccination to the epidemiological fluctuation of pathogens in our regions.
    VL  - 5
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Author Information
  • Diamniadio Children's Hospital Dakar, University of Thiès, Thies, Senegal

  • Albert Royer National Children's Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal

  • Diamniadio Children's Hospital Dakar, University of Thiès, Thies, Senegal

  • Regional Hospital of Saint Louis, University of Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Senegal

  • Regional Hospital of Ziguinchor, University of Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor, Senegal

  • Diamniadio Children's Hospital Dakar, University of Thiès, Thies, Senegal

  • Diamniadio Children's Hospital Dakar, University of Thiès, Thies, Senegal

  • Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal

  • Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

  • Diamniadio Children's Hospital Dakar, University of Thiès, Thies, Senegal

  • Albert Royer National Children's Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

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