Review Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers

Received: 2 February 2025     Accepted: 14 February 2025     Published: 21 March 2025
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This paper aims to review the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers. By employing the systematic review, the data collection involves specific items of the population studied, intervention used, and outcome measured. 42 articles gathered for this study are in the stream of mentoring covering two major aspects of needs and techniques in mentoring. The results of these 42 research articles related to the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers were organized into themes and sub-themes. The data were interpreted to examine the accuracy of the theses and sub-themes compared to the subject matter stated as the research question. As a result, the findings reveal that the needs of mentors involve four major aspects such as (1) building relationships, (2) common grade level, (3) developmental components, and (4) education and training. In addition, techniques that mentors implement for mentoring new teachers consist of five major aspects such as (1) establishing relationships, (2) identifying mentees’ needs, (3) conducting meaningful mentoring, (4) providing meaningful support, and (5) meaningful listening. A mentor facilitates personal and professional growth in an individual by sharing the knowledge and insights that have been learned through the years. The desirable achievement of sharing life experiences is also characterized as mentoring in which the mentor has a knack for making teachers (mentees) think positively about their classroom practices and their teaching profession. The benefits extend to mentees, mentors, and the school community as a whole. and best practices, determine assessment methods and evaluate participants' outcomes.

Published in Education Journal (Volume 14, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13
Page(s) 52-65
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mentoring, New Teachers, Mentor

References
[1] Achinstein, B., & Athanases, S. Z. (2005). Focusing new teachers on diversity and equity: Toward a knowledge base for mentors. Teaching and teacher education, 21(7), 843-862.
[2] Ambrosetti, A., & Dekkers, J. (2010). The interconnectedness of the roles of mentors and mentees in pre-service teacher education mentoring relationships. Australian journal of teacher education, 35(6), 42-55.
[3] Ambrosetti, A., Knight, B. A., & Dekkers, J. (2014). Maximizing the potential of mentoring: A framework for pre-service teacher education. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 22(3), 224-239.
[4] Anderson, E. M., & Shannon, A. L. (1988). Toward a conceptualization of mentoring. Journal of Teacher Education, 39(1), 38-42.
[5] Andrews, B. D. A., & Quinn, R. J. (2005). The effects of mentoring on first-year teachers' perceptions of support received. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 78(3), 110-117.
[6] Angelina, A., Bruce, A. K., & John, D. (2014). Maximizing the potential of mentoring: A framework for pre-service teacher education. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning., 22(3), 224-239.
[7] Aspfors, J., & Fransson, G. (2015). Research on mentor education for mentors of newly qualified teachers: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Teaching and teacher education, 48, 75-86.
[8] Athanases, S. Z., & Achinstein, B. (2003). Focusing new teachers on individual and low performing students: The centrality of formative assessment in the mentor's repertoire of practice. Teachers College Record, 105(8), 1486-1520.
[9] Atkins, S. (2019). Trust-based mentoring towards a new knowledge state as a change cycle: Exploring key interpersonal interactions. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 17(2), 36-51.
[10] Barondess, J. A. (1995). A brief history of mentoring. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 6, 1-24.
[11] Barrera, A., Braley, R. T., & Slate, J. R. (2010). Beginning teacher success: An investigation into the feedback from mentors of formal mentoring programs. Mentoring & tutoring: partnership in learning, 18(1), 61-74.
[12] Bibb, C. A., & Lefever, K. H. (2002). Mentoring future dental educators through an apprentice teaching experience. Journal of Dental Education, 66(6), 703-709.
[13] Bova, B. M., & Phillips, R. R. (1984). Mentoring as a learning experience for adults. Journal of Teacher Education, 35(3), 16-20.
[14] Brondyk, S., & Searby, L. (2013). Best practices in mentoring: Complexities and possibilities. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 2(3), 189-203.
[15] Carolyn, B. H., Rogers, M. M., & Michael, J. (2010). Mentoring adjunct faculty using the cornerstones of effective communication and practice. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 18(1), 53-59.
[16] Certo, J. L. (2005). Support, challenge, and the two-way street: Perceptions of a beginning second grade teacher and her quality mentor. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 26(1), 3-21.
[17] Ceven McNally, J. (2016). Learning from one's own teaching: New science teachers analyzing their practice through classroom observation cycles. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 53(3), 473-501.
[18] Chalmers, I., Hedges, L. V., & Cooper, H. (2002). A brief history of research synthesis. Evaluation & the health professions, 25(1), 12-37.
[19] Chang, H., Longman, K. A., & Franco, M. A. (2014). Leadership development through mentoring in higher education: A collaborative autoethnography of leaders of color. Mentoring & tutoring: partnership in learning, 22(4), 373-389.
[20] Colley, H. (2002). A'rough guide'to the history of mentoring from a Marxist feminist perspective. Journal of education for teaching, 28(3), 257-273.
[21] Colley, H. (2003). Mentoring for social inclusion: A critical approach to nurturing mentor relationships. New York, NY: Routledge.
[22] Crasborn, F., Hennissen, P., Brouwer, N., Korthagen, F., & Bergen, T. (2011). Exploring a two-dimensional model of mentor teacher roles in mentoring dialogues. Teaching and teacher education, 27(2), 320-331.
[23] Crocitto, M. M., Sullivan, S. E., & Carraher, S. M. (2005). Global mentoring as a means of career development and knowledge creation: A learning-based framework and agenda for future research. Career Development International, 10(6), 522-535.
[24] Davis, B., & Higdon, K. (2008). The effects of mentoring/induction support in beginning teachers’ practices in early elementary classrooms (K-3). Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 22(3), 261-274.
[25] Denyer, D., Tranfield, D., & Van Aken, J. E. (2008). Developing design propositions through research synthesis. Organization studies, 29(3), 393-413.
[26] Du, F., & Wang, Q. (2017). New teachers’ perspectives of informal mentoring: quality of mentoring and contributors. Mentoring & tutoring: partnership in learning, 25(3), 309-328.
[27] Dziczkowski, J. (2013). Mentoring and leadership development. The Educational Forum, 77(3), 351-360.
[28] Ellen, N. (1988). Mentoring programs for new teachers. United State: Educational Research and Improvement of the U. S. Department of Education.
[29] Evertson, C. M., & Smithey, M. W. (2000). Mentoring effects on proteges' classroom practice: An experimental field study. The Journal of Educational Research, 93(5), 294-304.
[30] Feiman-Nemser, S. (1998). Teachers as teacher educators. European journal of teacher education, 21(1), 63-74.
[31] Gagen, L., & Bowie, S. (2005). Effective mentoring: A case for training mentors for novice teachers. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 76(7), 40-45.
[32] Galamay-Cachola, S., Aduca, C. M., & Calauagan, F. (2018). Mentoring Experiences, Issues, and Concerns in the Student-Teaching Program: Towards a Proposed Mentoring Program in Teacher Education. IAFOR Journal of Education, 6(3), 7-24.
[33] Gardiner, C. (1998). Mentoring: Towards a professional friendship. Mentoring & tutoring: partnership in learning, 6(12), 77-84.
[34] Garvey, R., Strokes, P., & Megginson, D. (2010). Coaching and mentoring: Theory and practice. NHRD Network Journal, 3(2), 79-81.
[35] Haggard, D. L., Dougherty, T. W., Turban, D. B., & Wilbanks, J. E. (2011). Who is a mentor? A review of evolving definitions and implications for research. Journal of management, 37(1), 280-304.
[36] Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2007). Career cycles and mentoring. The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice, 471-497.
[37] Harrison, J., Lawson, T., & Wortley, A. (2005). Facilitating the professional learning of new teachers through critical reflection on practice during mentoring meetings. European journal of teacher education, 28(3), 267-292.
[38] Heewon, C., Karen, A. L., & Maria, A. F. (2014). Leadership development through mentoring in higher education: A collaborative autoethnography of leaders of color. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 1-19.
[39] Hudson, P. (2004). Toward identifying pedagogical knowledge for mentoring in primary science teaching. Journal of science education and technology, 13(2), 215-225.
[40] Hudson, P. (2013). Desirable attributes and practices for mentees: mentor teachers' expectations. European Journal of Educational Research, 2(3), 107-119.
[41] Hudson, P. (2016). Forming the mentor-mentee relationship. Mentoring & tutoring: partnership in learning, 24(1), 30-43.
[42] Hudson, P., & Hudson, S. (2018). Mentoring preservice teachers: identifying tensions and possible resolutions. Teacher Development, 22(1), 16-30.
[43] Jo-Ann, V. S., & Carol, L. E. (2009). A mentoring needs assessment: Validating mentorship in nursing education. Professional Nursing, 25(3), 145-150.
[44] John, M. M., & Terri, A. S. (2005). A needs-driven approach to expatriate adjustment and career development: A multiple mentoring perspective. Academy of International Business, 36, 519-538.
[45] KAPE. (2019). Kampuchea Action to Promote Education.
[46] KAPE. (2020). Annual Report 2019. Retrieved from Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
[47] Kemmis, S., Heikkinen, H. L., Fransson, G., Aspfors, J., & Edwards-Groves, C. (2014). Mentoring of new teachers as a contested practice: Supervision, support and collaborative self-development. Teaching and teacher education, 43, 154-164.
[48] Kent, A. M., Green, A. M., & Feldman, P. (2012). Fostering the success of new teachers: Developing lead teachers in a statewide teacher mentoring program. Current Issues in Education, 15(3), 1-18.
[49] Kim, E. V. (2005). Learning to play the game: Professional development and mentoring. Research and Practice, 29, 729-743.
[50] Klausmeier Jr, R. L. (1994). Responsibilities and strategies of successful mentors. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 68(1), 27-29.
[51] Kochan, F. K., & rimble, S. B. (2000). From mentoring to co-mentoring: Establishing collaborative relationships. Theory into practice, 39(1), 20-28.
[52] Lakind, D., Atkins, M., & Eddy, J. M. (2015). outh mentoring relationships in context: Mentor perceptions of youth, environment, and the mentor role. Children and youth services review, 53(52-60).
[53] Littleton, M., Tally-Foos, K., & Wolaver, R. (1992). Mentoring: A support system for new teachers. The Clearing House, 65(3), 172-174.
[54] Lofthouse, R. M. (2018). Re-imagining mentoring as a dynamic hub in the transformation of initial teacher education. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education., 7(3), 248-260.
[55] Lopez‐Real, F., & Kwan, T. (2005). Mentors' perceptions of their own professional development during mentoring. Journal of education for teaching, 31(1), 15-24.
[56] Manning, N. L. (2011). Mentors and new teachers: A qualitative study examining an east tennessee school systems mentoring program.
[57] Mertz, N. T. (2004). What’sa mentor, anyway? Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(1), 541-560.
[58] NGPRC. (2019). New Generation Pedagogical Research Center.
[59] Ogdie, A., Sparks, J. A., Angeles‐Han, S. T., Bush, K., Castelino, F. V., Golding, A., ..., & Research., A. C. o. R. E. C. I. S. o. t. C. o. (2018). Barriers and Facilitators of Mentoring for Trainees and Early Career Investigators in Rheumatology Research: Current State, Identification of Needs, and Road Map to an Inter‐Institutional Adult Rheumatology Mentoring Program. Arthritis care & research, 70(3), 445-453.
[60] Peter, H. (2013). Mentoring as professional development: ‘growth for both’ mentor and mentee. International Professional Development Association, 39(5), 771-783.
[61] Rajuan, M., Tuchin, I., & Zuckermann, T. (2011). Mentoring the mentors: First-order descriptions of experience-in-context. The new educator, 7(2), 172-190.
[62] Rodgers, C., & Skelton, T. (2014). Professional development and mentoring in support of teacher retention. School Educational Technology, 9(3), 1-11.
[63] Roehrig, A. D., Bohn, C. M., Turner, J. E., & Pressley, M. (2008). Mentoring beginning primary teachers for exemplary teaching practices. Teaching and teacher education, 24(3), 684-702.
[64] Rose, G. L. (2003). Enhancement of mentor selection using the ideal mentor scale. Research in Higher Education, 44(4), 473-494.
[65] Rose, G. L. (2005). Group Differences in Graduate Students’ Cconcepts of The Ideal Mentor. Research in Higher Education, 46(1), 53-80.
[66] Rosie, L. C. (2005). Peer mentoring: Engaging pre-service teachers in mentoring one another. Mentoring and Tutoring, 13(3), 355-366.
[67] Sanfey, H., Hollands, C., & Gantt, N. L. (2013). Strategies for building an effective mentoring relationship. The American Journal of Surgery, 206(5), 714-718.
[68] Sarah, A. H., & Sharon, K. G. (2005). Mentoring and human resource development: Where we are and where we need to go. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(4), 446-469.
[69] Schick-Makaroff, K., MacDonald, M., Plummer, M., Burgess, J., & Neander, W. (2016). What synthesis methodology should I use? A review and analysis of approaches to research synthesis. AIMS public health, 3(1), 172-215.
[70] Sowell, M. (2017). Effective practices for mentoring beginning middle school teachers: Mentor's perspectives. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 90(4), 129-134.
[71] Spooner-Lane, R. (2017). Mentoring beginning teachers in primary schools: Research review. Professional Development in Education, 43(2), 253-273.
[72] St‐Jean, E. (2012). Mentoring as professional development for novice entrepreneurs: maximizing the learning 1. International Journal of Training and Development, 16(3), 200-216.
[73] Stan, K. (1997). The role of teacher mentoring in educational reform. Pacific Resources for Education aad Learning, 1-7.
[74] Stanulis, R. N., Little, S., & Wibbens, E. (2012). Intensive mentoring that contributes to change in beginning elementary teachers’ learning to lead classroom discussions. Teaching and teacher education, 28(1), 32-43.
[75] Straus, S. E., Chatur, F., & Taylor, M. (2009). Issues in the mentor–mentee relationship in academic medicine: A qualitative study. Academic medicine, 84(1), 135-139.
[76] Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative research journal, 11(2), 63-75.
[77] Taherian, K., & Shekarchian, M. (2008). Mentoring for doctors. Do its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? Medical teacher, 30(4), e95-e99.
[78] Tillman, L. C. (2005). Mentoring new teachers: Implications for leadership practice in an urban school. Educational Administration Quarterly, 41(4), 609-629.
[79] Tonidandel, S., Avery, D. R., & Phillips, M. G. (2007). Maximizing returns on mentoring: Factors affecting subsequent protégé performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(1), 89-110.
[80] Valerie, S. (2005). Mentoring: A model for leadership development? International Journal of Training and Development. 9(3), 170-184.
[81] Wang, J., & Odell, S. J. (2002). Mentored learning to teach according to standards-based reform: A critical review. Review of educational research, 72(3), 481-546.
[82] Weimer, K. R. (2019). Maximizing mentoring relationships. General Music Today, 32(2), 12-17.
[83] Whitaker, S. D. (2000). Mentoring beginning special education teachers and the relationship to attrition. Exceptional children, 66(4), 546-566.
[84] Wright, R. W., Brand, R. A., Dunn, W., & Spindler, K. P. (2007). How to write a systematic review. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 455, 23-29.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sak, Y., Ros, P. (2025). Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers. Education Journal, 14(2), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Sak, Y.; Ros, P. Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers. Educ. J. 2025, 14(2), 52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Sak Y, Ros P. Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers. Educ J. 2025;14(2):52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13,
      author = {Yoeurng Sak and Paradise Ros},
      title = {Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers
    },
      journal = {Education Journal},
      volume = {14},
      number = {2},
      pages = {52-65},
      doi = {10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20251402.13},
      abstract = {This paper aims to review the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers. By employing the systematic review, the data collection involves specific items of the population studied, intervention used, and outcome measured. 42 articles gathered for this study are in the stream of mentoring covering two major aspects of needs and techniques in mentoring. The results of these 42 research articles related to the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers were organized into themes and sub-themes. The data were interpreted to examine the accuracy of the theses and sub-themes compared to the subject matter stated as the research question. As a result, the findings reveal that the needs of mentors involve four major aspects such as (1) building relationships, (2) common grade level, (3) developmental components, and (4) education and training. In addition, techniques that mentors implement for mentoring new teachers consist of five major aspects such as (1) establishing relationships, (2) identifying mentees’ needs, (3) conducting meaningful mentoring, (4) providing meaningful support, and (5) meaningful listening. A mentor facilitates personal and professional growth in an individual by sharing the knowledge and insights that have been learned through the years. The desirable achievement of sharing life experiences is also characterized as mentoring in which the mentor has a knack for making teachers (mentees) think positively about their classroom practices and their teaching profession. The benefits extend to mentees, mentors, and the school community as a whole. and best practices, determine assessment methods and evaluate participants' outcomes.
    },
     year = {2025}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Reviewing Needs and Techniques of Mentors for Mentoring New Teachers
    
    AU  - Yoeurng Sak
    AU  - Paradise Ros
    Y1  - 2025/03/21
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13
    T2  - Education Journal
    JF  - Education Journal
    JO  - Education Journal
    SP  - 52
    EP  - 65
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2619
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20251402.13
    AB  - This paper aims to review the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers. By employing the systematic review, the data collection involves specific items of the population studied, intervention used, and outcome measured. 42 articles gathered for this study are in the stream of mentoring covering two major aspects of needs and techniques in mentoring. The results of these 42 research articles related to the needs and techniques of mentors for mentoring new teachers were organized into themes and sub-themes. The data were interpreted to examine the accuracy of the theses and sub-themes compared to the subject matter stated as the research question. As a result, the findings reveal that the needs of mentors involve four major aspects such as (1) building relationships, (2) common grade level, (3) developmental components, and (4) education and training. In addition, techniques that mentors implement for mentoring new teachers consist of five major aspects such as (1) establishing relationships, (2) identifying mentees’ needs, (3) conducting meaningful mentoring, (4) providing meaningful support, and (5) meaningful listening. A mentor facilitates personal and professional growth in an individual by sharing the knowledge and insights that have been learned through the years. The desirable achievement of sharing life experiences is also characterized as mentoring in which the mentor has a knack for making teachers (mentees) think positively about their classroom practices and their teaching profession. The benefits extend to mentees, mentors, and the school community as a whole. and best practices, determine assessment methods and evaluate participants' outcomes.
    
    VL  - 14
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Sections