| Peer-Reviewed

Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study

Received: 22 February 2021     Accepted: 11 March 2021     Published: 26 March 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: The study assessed the intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Between July 2020 and August 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that captured demographic data, risk perception, trust in government and public health authorities and willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, Chi-square and logistic regression were carried out at a 95% confidence interval. Appropriate institutional ethical board approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants. Results: 1,228 responses were received over the study period. The mean age of respondents was 32.8 years (SD 10.4), 12.7% (156/1,228) were health workers, 70.1% (861/1,228) had tertiary level of education. Intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine was expressed by 50.2% (617/1,228) of respondents. Increasing age, male gender, trust in government, trust in public health authorities, confidence in vaccine developers, willingness to pay for and travel for a vaccine, and vaccination during an outbreak were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Healthcare workers and respondents with pre-existing medical conditions were not significantly different from non-healthcare workers and persons without medical conditions respectively with regards to the willingness to be vaccinated. Conclusion: One in two persons would accept a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available in the country. The government should take pro-active steps to address the factors that may potentially impact on the benefits expected from the introduction of COVID-19 vaccine and scale-up vaccine sensitization to improve potential acceptance for uptake across the country.

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12
Page(s) 53-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Hesitancy, Intention, Vaccine, Willingness

References
[1] Unal, M. and Irez, T. (2020) COVID 19 Disease Caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 1–11.
[2] Mahar, I. (2020) Impact of Covid-19 on Global Economy Structure [Internet]. Modern Diplomacy. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 14]. Available from: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/04/22/impact-of-covid-19-on-global-economy-structure/.
[3] Olum, R., Chekwech, G., Wekha, G., Nassozi, D. R. and Bongomin, F. (2020) Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Care Workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00181
[4] Organisation, W. H. Coronavirus [Internet].
[5] Neumann-Böhme, S., Nirosha, •, Varghese, E., Sabat, • Iryna, Pedro, •, Barros, P. et al. (2020) Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The European Journal of Health Economics, 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6.
[6] National Bureau of Statitstics. (2018) Nigeria national immunization coverage survey (nics): national brief.
[7] Jegede, A. S. (2007) What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PLoS Medicine, Public Library of Science. 4, 417–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040073.
[8] Harapan, H., Wagner, A. L., Yufika, A., Winardi, W., Anwar, S., Gan, A. K. et al. (2020) Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Southeast Asia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia. Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers. 8, 381. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00381.
[9] Domek, G. J., O’Leary, S. T., Bull, S., Bronsert, M., Contreras-Roldan, I. L., Bolaños Ventura, G. A. et al. (2018) Measuring vaccine hesitancy: Field testing the WHO SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy survey tool in Guatemala. Vaccine, Elsevier Ltd. 36, 5273–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.046.
[10] Ma, X., He, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Xu, Y., Qian, C. et al. (2011) Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers in Chinese intensive care units regarding 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infectious Diseases, BioMed Central. 11, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-24.
[11] Barello, S., Nania, T., Dellafiore, F., Graffigna, G. and Caruso, R. (2020) ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among university students in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Epidemiology, Springer. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00670-z.
[12] Sun, S. (2020) Interest in COVID-19 vaccine trials participation among young adults in China: Willingness, reasons for hesitancy, and demographic and psychosocial determinants. Med Rxiv: the preprint server for health sciences, 2020.07.13.20152678. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.20152678.
[13] Dodd, R. H., Cvejic, E., Bonner, C., Pickles, K. and Mccaffery, K. J. (2014) Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Australia. BMC Public Health, 14, 484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30559-4.
[14] Malik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J. and Omer, S. B. (2020) Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinical Medicine, Elsevier. 0, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100495.
[15] Malesza, M. (2020) Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination during pandemic phase of coronavirus in Poland: population-based cross-sectional survey.
[16] Magadmi, R. and Kamel, F. (2020) Beliefs and Barriers Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Research Square.
[17] Detoc, M., Bruel, S., Frappe, P., Botelho-Nevers, E. and Gagneux-Brunon, A. (2020) Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. MedRxiv, 2020.04.23.20076513. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076513.
[18] Fu, C., Wei, Z., Pei, S., Li, S., Sun, X. and Liu, P. (2020) Acceptance and preference for COVID-19 vaccination in health-care workers (HCWs). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060103.
[19] Padhi, B. K. and A. Almohaithef, M. (2020) Determinants of intent to uptake Coronavirus vaccination among respondents in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. MedRxiv, 2020.05.27.20114413. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.27.20114413.
[20] Omaka-Amari, L., Aleke, A., Obande-Ogbuinya, N., Ngwakwe, P., Nwankwo, O. and Afoke, E. (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Nigeria: Preventive and Control Challenges within the First Two Months of Outbreak. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 24, 87–97.
[21] Adekunle, A. I., Adegboye, O. A., Gayawan, E. and McBryde, E. S. (2020) Is Nigeria really on top of COVID-19? Message from effective reproduction number. Epidemiology and Infection, NLM (Medline). 148, e166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001740.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ekaete Alice Tobin, Martha Okonofua, Azuka Adeke, Andrew Obi. (2021). Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study. Central African Journal of Public Health, 7(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ekaete Alice Tobin; Martha Okonofua; Azuka Adeke; Andrew Obi. Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2021, 7(2), 53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ekaete Alice Tobin, Martha Okonofua, Azuka Adeke, Andrew Obi. Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2021;7(2):53-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12,
      author = {Ekaete Alice Tobin and Martha Okonofua and Azuka Adeke and Andrew Obi},
      title = {Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study},
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {53-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20210702.12},
      abstract = {Background: The study assessed the intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Between July 2020 and August 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that captured demographic data, risk perception, trust in government and public health authorities and willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, Chi-square and logistic regression were carried out at a 95% confidence interval. Appropriate institutional ethical board approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants. Results: 1,228 responses were received over the study period. The mean age of respondents was 32.8 years (SD 10.4), 12.7% (156/1,228) were health workers, 70.1% (861/1,228) had tertiary level of education. Intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine was expressed by 50.2% (617/1,228) of respondents. Increasing age, male gender, trust in government, trust in public health authorities, confidence in vaccine developers, willingness to pay for and travel for a vaccine, and vaccination during an outbreak were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Healthcare workers and respondents with pre-existing medical conditions were not significantly different from non-healthcare workers and persons without medical conditions respectively with regards to the willingness to be vaccinated. Conclusion: One in two persons would accept a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available in the country. The government should take pro-active steps to address the factors that may potentially impact on the benefits expected from the introduction of COVID-19 vaccine and scale-up vaccine sensitization to improve potential acceptance for uptake across the country.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study
    AU  - Ekaete Alice Tobin
    AU  - Martha Okonofua
    AU  - Azuka Adeke
    AU  - Andrew Obi
    Y1  - 2021/03/26
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12
    T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 53
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5781
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20210702.12
    AB  - Background: The study assessed the intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria and associated factors. Materials and Methods: Between July 2020 and August 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that captured demographic data, risk perception, trust in government and public health authorities and willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, Chi-square and logistic regression were carried out at a 95% confidence interval. Appropriate institutional ethical board approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants. Results: 1,228 responses were received over the study period. The mean age of respondents was 32.8 years (SD 10.4), 12.7% (156/1,228) were health workers, 70.1% (861/1,228) had tertiary level of education. Intention to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine was expressed by 50.2% (617/1,228) of respondents. Increasing age, male gender, trust in government, trust in public health authorities, confidence in vaccine developers, willingness to pay for and travel for a vaccine, and vaccination during an outbreak were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Healthcare workers and respondents with pre-existing medical conditions were not significantly different from non-healthcare workers and persons without medical conditions respectively with regards to the willingness to be vaccinated. Conclusion: One in two persons would accept a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available in the country. The government should take pro-active steps to address the factors that may potentially impact on the benefits expected from the introduction of COVID-19 vaccine and scale-up vaccine sensitization to improve potential acceptance for uptake across the country.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria

  • Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin, Benin-city, Nigeria

  • Sections