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Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon

Received: 19 August 2019     Accepted: 16 September 2019     Published: 9 October 2019
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Abstract

Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains a major preoccupation in the fight against maternal and infant mortality. It constitutes a sure materno-infantile morbidity and mortality risk, premature delivery and small weight births. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District in the Adamawa Region, Cameroun. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for six weeks (September 17 to November 3, 2013) in 6 health facilities of the Banyo Health District. Included in this study were all pregnant woman received during prenatal consultation in the health facilities of the Banyo Health District who gave her consent to participate in the study. Data collection was done with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 297 pregnant women received during prenatal consultation in the 6 health facilities of the 5 health areas were chosen by the systematic consecutive sampling method. These women benefited from a haemoglobin test after a capillary blood draw was carried out which permitted a para-clinical evaluation of the anaemia. Data were analysed by Excel and SPSS 22 softwares. Results: The results showed that the mean haemoglobin rate was of 10.8±1.89 g/dl. 52.5% of pregnant women were anaemic amongst which 46% had mild anaemia, 48% had moderate anaemia and 6% had severe anaemia. 63% of the women with anaemia live in polygamous household and 55.7% do not wash their hands with soap after a meal. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District was associate with the consumption of kaolin (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.9] p=0.049), irregular iron supplement intake (OR=2.9 [1.4-5.9] p=0.014) and the number of meal consumed per day less than or equal to 2 (OR=2.81 [2.13-5.9] p=0.007). On the other hand, regular fruit consumption (OR=0.28 [0.11-0.74] p=0.011), sound knowledge of the causes (OR=0.36 [0.19-0.68] p=0.002) and the consequences (OR=0.35 [0.19-0.7] p=0.003) of anaemia were significantly associated with lesser risk of anaemia among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District remains a preoccupying health problem. It demonstrates the need of a global action in resolution of this public health problem. As such, there is a need to mobilize a preventive strategy with emphasis on sensitization, nutritional and health education. In addition, maternal systematic iron supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy remains an imperative.

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17
Page(s) 221-226
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anemia, Risk Factors, Pregnant Woman, Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region

References
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[2] Paddle, J. J. Evaluation of the haemoglobin color scale and comparison with the haemococcus haemoglobin assay. Bull Organ Mond Health. 2002. 80: 813-816.
[3] Hall, A., Bobrow, E., Brooker, S., Jukes, M. and Nokes, K. Anaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia. Public health Nutr. 2001. 4: 749-756.
[4] Nwizu, E. N., Iliyasu, Z., Ibrahim S. A. and Galadanci, H. S. Sociodemographic and maternal factors in anaemia in Kano, Northern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2011. 15 (4): 33-41.
[5] Brabin, B. J., Hakimi, M. and Pelletier, D. An analysis of anemia and pregnancy-related maternal mortality. Journal of Nutrition. 2001a. 131 (2S-2): 604-614.
[6] FAO. Agriculture, alimentation et nutrition en Afrique: un ouvrage de référence à l'usage des professeurs d'agriculture. FAO. 2002. ISBN: 9252038205.
[7] Demmouche, A. and Moulessehoul, S. Maternal anemia during pregnancy and iron supplementation. Antropo. 2011. 24: 21-30.
[8] OMS. Système d'informations nutritionnelles sur les vitamines et les minéraux. OMS. Genève. 2011.
[9] National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of the Economy of Planning and Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Public Health. Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicators (EDS-MICS) 2011. Yaoundé, Cameroon. 2011.
[10] OMS. Système d'informations nutritionnelles sur les vitamines et les minéraux: Concentration d'hémoglobine permettant de diagnostiquer l'anémie et d'en évaluer la sévérité (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1). OMS. Genève. 2011.
[11] Nahounou Bléyéré, M. et al. Heterogeneity of the pregnancy in the Ivory Coast. Ann Biol Clin. 2007. 65 (5): 525-532.
[12] Van Den Broeck NR. Anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies. British Medical Bulletin. 2003. 67: 149-160.
[13] Baidy, B. L. O., Kone, Y., et Bassirou, LY. Anémie nutritionnelle de la grossesse à Nouakchott (Mauritanie). Médecine d’Afrique Noire. 1996. 43 (6).
[14] Nguefack Tchente, C. et al. Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending the General Hospital in Douala. Pan African Medical Journal. 2016. ISSN: 1937-8888.
[15] Jutcha, F. D. et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women in Yaounde. Health Sci. Dis. 2016. 17 (1): 1-4.
[16] Koura, KG, Briand V., Massougbodji, A., Chippaux, J-P., Cot, M. et Garcia, A. Prévalence et étiologies de l’anémie chez la femme enceinte au sud Bénin au moment du changement de politique nationale de prise en charge. Med Trop. 2011. 71: 63-67.
[17] Demmouche, A. and Moulessehoul, S. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy in the wilaya of Sidi Bel Abbes (western Algeria). Antropo. 2010. 21: 39-48.
[18] Meda N., Dao Y., Touré, B., Yamego, B. et al. To evaluate severe maternal anemia and its consequences: the value of a simple examination of the coloration of the palpebral conjunctiva. Health book. 1999. 9 (1): 7-11.
[19] Scholl, T. O. and Hediger, M. L. Anemia and iron deficiency anemia: compilation of data on pregnancy outcome. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1994. 59 (2): 492-500.
[20] Galan P., Preziosi P., Favier A. et al. Determining factors in the status of adult women in the SU.VI.MAX study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998. 52: 383-388.
[21] Seyrane, Y., Bernard, F., Patrick, B., and Michel, C. Iron deficiency anemia on geophagy in a rich country: case report. Swiss Medical Journal. 2012. 8: 604-606.
[22] Mugisha, J. O., Shafer, L. A., Van der Paal, L. et al. Anaemia in a rural Ugandan HIV Politic cohort: prevalence at enrollment, incidence, diagnosis and associated factors. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2008. 13 (6): 788-794.
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    Caroline Teh Monteh, Justin Ndié, Joëlle Laure Sobngwi, Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum. (2019). Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon. Central African Journal of Public Health, 5(5), 221-226. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17

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    Caroline Teh Monteh; Justin Ndié; Joëlle Laure Sobngwi; Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum. Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2019, 5(5), 221-226. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17

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    AMA Style

    Caroline Teh Monteh, Justin Ndié, Joëlle Laure Sobngwi, Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum. Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2019;5(5):221-226. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17,
      author = {Caroline Teh Monteh and Justin Ndié and Joëlle Laure Sobngwi and Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum},
      title = {Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon},
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {221-226},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20190505.17},
      abstract = {Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains a major preoccupation in the fight against maternal and infant mortality. It constitutes a sure materno-infantile morbidity and mortality risk, premature delivery and small weight births. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District in the Adamawa Region, Cameroun. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for six weeks (September 17 to November 3, 2013) in 6 health facilities of the Banyo Health District. Included in this study were all pregnant woman received during prenatal consultation in the health facilities of the Banyo Health District who gave her consent to participate in the study. Data collection was done with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 297 pregnant women received during prenatal consultation in the 6 health facilities of the 5 health areas were chosen by the systematic consecutive sampling method. These women benefited from a haemoglobin test after a capillary blood draw was carried out which permitted a para-clinical evaluation of the anaemia. Data were analysed by Excel and SPSS 22 softwares. Results: The results showed that the mean haemoglobin rate was of 10.8±1.89 g/dl. 52.5% of pregnant women were anaemic amongst which 46% had mild anaemia, 48% had moderate anaemia and 6% had severe anaemia. 63% of the women with anaemia live in polygamous household and 55.7% do not wash their hands with soap after a meal. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District was associate with the consumption of kaolin (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.9] p=0.049), irregular iron supplement intake (OR=2.9 [1.4-5.9] p=0.014) and the number of meal consumed per day less than or equal to 2 (OR=2.81 [2.13-5.9] p=0.007). On the other hand, regular fruit consumption (OR=0.28 [0.11-0.74] p=0.011), sound knowledge of the causes (OR=0.36 [0.19-0.68] p=0.002) and the consequences (OR=0.35 [0.19-0.7] p=0.003) of anaemia were significantly associated with lesser risk of anaemia among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District remains a preoccupying health problem. It demonstrates the need of a global action in resolution of this public health problem. As such, there is a need to mobilize a preventive strategy with emphasis on sensitization, nutritional and health education. In addition, maternal systematic iron supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy remains an imperative.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women in Banyo Health District, Adamawa Region of Cameroon
    AU  - Caroline Teh Monteh
    AU  - Justin Ndié
    AU  - Joëlle Laure Sobngwi
    AU  - Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum
    Y1  - 2019/10/09
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17
    T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 221
    EP  - 226
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5781
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190505.17
    AB  - Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains a major preoccupation in the fight against maternal and infant mortality. It constitutes a sure materno-infantile morbidity and mortality risk, premature delivery and small weight births. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District in the Adamawa Region, Cameroun. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for six weeks (September 17 to November 3, 2013) in 6 health facilities of the Banyo Health District. Included in this study were all pregnant woman received during prenatal consultation in the health facilities of the Banyo Health District who gave her consent to participate in the study. Data collection was done with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 297 pregnant women received during prenatal consultation in the 6 health facilities of the 5 health areas were chosen by the systematic consecutive sampling method. These women benefited from a haemoglobin test after a capillary blood draw was carried out which permitted a para-clinical evaluation of the anaemia. Data were analysed by Excel and SPSS 22 softwares. Results: The results showed that the mean haemoglobin rate was of 10.8±1.89 g/dl. 52.5% of pregnant women were anaemic amongst which 46% had mild anaemia, 48% had moderate anaemia and 6% had severe anaemia. 63% of the women with anaemia live in polygamous household and 55.7% do not wash their hands with soap after a meal. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District was associate with the consumption of kaolin (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.9] p=0.049), irregular iron supplement intake (OR=2.9 [1.4-5.9] p=0.014) and the number of meal consumed per day less than or equal to 2 (OR=2.81 [2.13-5.9] p=0.007). On the other hand, regular fruit consumption (OR=0.28 [0.11-0.74] p=0.011), sound knowledge of the causes (OR=0.36 [0.19-0.68] p=0.002) and the consequences (OR=0.35 [0.19-0.7] p=0.003) of anaemia were significantly associated with lesser risk of anaemia among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Banyo Health District remains a preoccupying health problem. It demonstrates the need of a global action in resolution of this public health problem. As such, there is a need to mobilize a preventive strategy with emphasis on sensitization, nutritional and health education. In addition, maternal systematic iron supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy remains an imperative.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Division of the Operational Research in Health/Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Division of the Operational Research in Health/Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon

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