,
Abdulganiyyu Abdullahi Ahmad,
Hussaini Usman Durkwa,
Ashiru Dahiru*,
Sadiya Bello Usman,
Mercy Christopher Danzaria,
Nafisat Abdulazeez,
Ibrahim Maina Hassan
Serum biochemical parameters provide valuable information on the physiological, metabolic, and health status of animals and are commonly used in veterinary clinical practice. However, biochemical values vary with breed, nutrition, management, environmental conditions, age, sex, and physiological status, highlighting the need for locally relevant data. This study examined serum biochemical parameters of goats in Sokoto Metropolis, to produce preliminary local biochemical values for clinical assessment. Forty (40) apparently healthy goats were randomly selected from households, farms, and semi-intensive production systems. Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected from the jugular vein into plain tubes, and serum was analyzed using an automated chemistry analyzer at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory. Total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were Parameters assessed. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Mean ± SD values were 8.28 ± 1.02 g/dL for total protein, 2.61 ± 0.23 g/dL for albumin, 5.67 ± 1.05 g/dL for globulin, 40.89 ± 71.10 U/L for ALT, 32.23 ± 36.84 U/L for AST, 99.49 ± 78.65 U/L for ALP, 47.64 ± 24.87 mg/dL for urea, 4.35 ± 0.53 mg/dL for creatinine, 3.84 ± 4.02 mg/dL for total bilirubin, and 6.52 ± 1.56 mg/dL for direct bilirubin. Most values were mostly comparable with previous reports for indigenous Nigerian goats, even though considerable variation occurred in some liver enzymes and bilirubin indices. These findings provide preliminary local biochemical data and emphasize the importance of regional, nutritional, environmental, and management factors in interpreting serum biochemical results.
| Published in | Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Volume 11, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12 |
| Page(s) | 59-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Liver Function, Renal Function, Red Sokoto Goat, Sokoto
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APA Style
Jafaru, A. I., Ahmad, A. A., Durkwa, H. U., Pali, M. B., Dahiru, A., et al. (2026). Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria: Preliminary Local Reference Values. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 11(3), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12
ACS Style
Jafaru, A. I.; Ahmad, A. A.; Durkwa, H. U.; Pali, M. B.; Dahiru, A., et al. Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria: Preliminary Local Reference Values. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2026, 11(3), 59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12
AMA Style
Jafaru AI, Ahmad AA, Durkwa HU, Pali MB, Dahiru A, et al. Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria: Preliminary Local Reference Values. Biochem Mol Biol. 2026;11(3):59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12,
author = {Abdullahi Ishaq Jafaru and Abdulganiyyu Abdullahi Ahmad and Hussaini Usman Durkwa and Muazu Bala Pali and Ashiru Dahiru and Faruk Bilal Dabai and Sadiya Bello Usman and Mercy Christopher Danzaria and Nafisat Abdulazeez and Ibrahim Maina Hassan},
title = {Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria: Preliminary Local Reference Values},
journal = {Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {59-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bmb.20261103.12},
abstract = {Serum biochemical parameters provide valuable information on the physiological, metabolic, and health status of animals and are commonly used in veterinary clinical practice. However, biochemical values vary with breed, nutrition, management, environmental conditions, age, sex, and physiological status, highlighting the need for locally relevant data. This study examined serum biochemical parameters of goats in Sokoto Metropolis, to produce preliminary local biochemical values for clinical assessment. Forty (40) apparently healthy goats were randomly selected from households, farms, and semi-intensive production systems. Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected from the jugular vein into plain tubes, and serum was analyzed using an automated chemistry analyzer at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory. Total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were Parameters assessed. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Mean ± SD values were 8.28 ± 1.02 g/dL for total protein, 2.61 ± 0.23 g/dL for albumin, 5.67 ± 1.05 g/dL for globulin, 40.89 ± 71.10 U/L for ALT, 32.23 ± 36.84 U/L for AST, 99.49 ± 78.65 U/L for ALP, 47.64 ± 24.87 mg/dL for urea, 4.35 ± 0.53 mg/dL for creatinine, 3.84 ± 4.02 mg/dL for total bilirubin, and 6.52 ± 1.56 mg/dL for direct bilirubin. Most values were mostly comparable with previous reports for indigenous Nigerian goats, even though considerable variation occurred in some liver enzymes and bilirubin indices. These findings provide preliminary local biochemical data and emphasize the importance of regional, nutritional, environmental, and management factors in interpreting serum biochemical results.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria: Preliminary Local Reference Values AU - Abdullahi Ishaq Jafaru AU - Abdulganiyyu Abdullahi Ahmad AU - Hussaini Usman Durkwa AU - Muazu Bala Pali AU - Ashiru Dahiru AU - Faruk Bilal Dabai AU - Sadiya Bello Usman AU - Mercy Christopher Danzaria AU - Nafisat Abdulazeez AU - Ibrahim Maina Hassan Y1 - 2026/10/29 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12 DO - 10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12 T2 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JF - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JO - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology SP - 59 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5048 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20261103.12 AB - Serum biochemical parameters provide valuable information on the physiological, metabolic, and health status of animals and are commonly used in veterinary clinical practice. However, biochemical values vary with breed, nutrition, management, environmental conditions, age, sex, and physiological status, highlighting the need for locally relevant data. This study examined serum biochemical parameters of goats in Sokoto Metropolis, to produce preliminary local biochemical values for clinical assessment. Forty (40) apparently healthy goats were randomly selected from households, farms, and semi-intensive production systems. Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected from the jugular vein into plain tubes, and serum was analyzed using an automated chemistry analyzer at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory. Total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were Parameters assessed. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Mean ± SD values were 8.28 ± 1.02 g/dL for total protein, 2.61 ± 0.23 g/dL for albumin, 5.67 ± 1.05 g/dL for globulin, 40.89 ± 71.10 U/L for ALT, 32.23 ± 36.84 U/L for AST, 99.49 ± 78.65 U/L for ALP, 47.64 ± 24.87 mg/dL for urea, 4.35 ± 0.53 mg/dL for creatinine, 3.84 ± 4.02 mg/dL for total bilirubin, and 6.52 ± 1.56 mg/dL for direct bilirubin. Most values were mostly comparable with previous reports for indigenous Nigerian goats, even though considerable variation occurred in some liver enzymes and bilirubin indices. These findings provide preliminary local biochemical data and emphasize the importance of regional, nutritional, environmental, and management factors in interpreting serum biochemical results. VL - 11 IS - 3 ER -
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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