| Peer-Reviewed

Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology

Published: 2 April 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

High – speed steels are the most widely used tool material in small and medium scale industries, owing to their excellent toughness and economic price over their competitors. But the wear resistance and hot hardness of high-speed steels are poor compared to tools made out of carbides. Recent investigations, on the effect of cryogenic treatment have proved to be an alternative option to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of high-speed tool materials. But so far only a limited number of investigations have been made into the effect of cryogenic treatment on different grades of high-speed steels. The present research reports the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on AISI T42 grade high – speed steel, with specific emphasis on mode and mechanism of wear. Wear behavior has been studied using pin-on-disc tribo-meter under dry condition. Response surface methodology was adopted in designing the experiments for two factors with five levels. Mathematical model has been developed incorporating the effect of sliding velocity and load on the wear behavior. Sliding velocity was found to be dominant factor than normal load. Morphology of worn surface and the wear debris was studied using SEM to identify the mode and mechanism of wear. Mild oxidative wear was the dominant mode of wear throughout the range of variables used in this study. Deep cryogenically treated specimens exhibited significant improvement in wear resistance than conventionally heat treated specimens, especially at higher sliding velocities. The wear rate of conventionally heat treated specimen was found to be 3.138 to 2.493 times higher than that of deep cryogenically treated specimens. There was an increase in hardness value form 66.8-67.2 HRC at the end of conventional heat treatment to 69.5-70.2 HRC at the end of deep cryogenic treatment.

Published in Advances in Materials (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.am.20130202.11
Page(s) 12-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cryogenic Treatment, Wear Rate, Response Surface Methodology, Mild Oxidative Wear, Morphology

References
[1] Flavio J. da Silva,Soneso D.Franco,Alisson R. Macha-do,Emmanuel O.Ezugwu, Antonio M.Souza Jr., "Performance of Cryogenically Treated HSS Tools" , Wear 261, 2006, 674–685.
[2] V.P.Astakhov,M.O.M.Osman, "Correlations amongst process parameters in metal cutting and their use for establishing the optimum cutting speed" Journal of Material Processing Technology ,62,1996,175- 179.
[3] P.Baldissera, C.Delprete, "Deep Cryogenic Treatment: A Bibliographic Review", The open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 1-11.
[4] D.Das, K.K.Ray, A.K.Dutta, "Influence of Temperature of Sub-Zero Treatments on the Wear Behaviour of Die Steel", Wear 267, 20 09, 13 61–1370.
[5] Barron, R.F. "Cryogenic treatment of metals to improve wear resistance", Cryogenics 22, 1982, 409–414.
[6] A.Akhbarizadeh, A.Shafyei, M.A.Golozar, "Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel", Materials and Design 30 ,2009, 3259–3264.
[7] S.Harish, A.Bensely, D.Mohan Lal, A.Rajadurai,GyongyverB.Lenkey "Microstructural Study of Cryogenically Treated En 31 Bearing Steel", Journal of Ma-terials Processing Technology 2 0 9, 2009, 3351–3357.
[8] Sture Hogmark,Mikael Olsson, "Wear Mechanism of HSS Cutting Tools".
[9] V.Leskovesk, M.Kalin, J.Vizintin, "Influence of Deep-Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance of Vacuum Heat-Treated HSS", Vacuum 80, 2006, 507 – 518.
[10] D.Das, A.K.Dutta, K.K.Ray "Correlation of Microstructure with Wear Behaviour of Deep Cryogenically Treated AISI D2 Steel", Wear 267, 2009, 1371–1380.
[11] A.N.Popandopulo,L.T.Zhukova, "Transformations in High Speed Steels During Cold Treatment (Translated from Me-tallovedenie I Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metal-lor),no.10,1980,pp.9-11.
[12] A.akhbarizadeh,A.Shafyei,M.A.Golozar, "effects of cryo-genic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel" Materials and Design 30,2009,3259-3264.
[13] S.Kumar,V.Balasubramanian, "Developing a mathematical model to evaluate wear rate of AA7075/SiCp powder me-tallurgy composites",Wear 264,2008,1026-1034.
[14] Amro M. Al-Qutub, Effect of heat treatment on friction and wear behavior of Al-6061 composite reinforced with 10% submicron Al2O3 particles", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol.34,2009, Number 1B.
[15] Y.Wang,T.lei,J.Liu, "Tribo-metallographic behavior of high carbon steels in dry sliding;1.Wear mechanism and their transition",Wear 231,1999,1-11.
[16] S.C.Lim, "Recent developments in wear nechanism maps",Tribology International Vol.31,Nos.1-3,1998, pp.87-97.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. (2013). Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology. Advances in Materials, 2(2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20130202.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    D. Candane; N. Alagumurthi; K. Palaniradja. Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology. Adv. Mater. 2013, 2(2), 12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20130202.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology. Adv Mater. 2013;2(2):12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20130202.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.am.20130202.11,
      author = {D. Candane and N. Alagumurthi and K. Palaniradja},
      title = {Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology},
      journal = {Advances in Materials},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {12-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.am.20130202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20130202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20130202.11},
      abstract = {High – speed steels are the most widely used tool material in small and medium scale industries, owing to their excellent toughness and economic price over their competitors. But the wear resistance and hot hardness of high-speed steels are poor compared to tools made out of carbides. Recent investigations, on the effect of cryogenic treatment have proved to be an alternative option to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of high-speed tool materials. But so far only a limited number of investigations have been made into the effect of cryogenic treatment on different grades of high-speed steels. The present research reports the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on AISI T42 grade high – speed steel, with specific emphasis on mode and mechanism of wear. Wear behavior has been studied using pin-on-disc tribo-meter under dry condition. Response surface methodology was adopted in designing the experiments for two factors with five levels. Mathematical model has been developed incorporating the effect of sliding velocity and load on the wear behavior. Sliding velocity was found to be dominant factor than normal load. Morphology of worn surface and the wear debris was studied using SEM to identify the mode and mechanism of wear. Mild oxidative wear was the dominant mode of wear throughout the range of variables used in this study. Deep cryogenically treated specimens exhibited significant improvement in wear resistance than conventionally heat treated specimens, especially at higher sliding velocities. The wear rate of conventionally heat treated specimen was found to be 3.138 to 2.493 times higher than that of deep cryogenically treated specimens. There was an increase in hardness value form 66.8-67.2 HRC at the end of conventional heat treatment to 69.5-70.2 HRC at the end of deep cryogenic treatment.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Tribological Studies on Deep Cryogenic Treated Aisi T42 High Speed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology
    AU  - D. Candane
    AU  - N. Alagumurthi
    AU  - K. Palaniradja
    Y1  - 2013/04/02
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20130202.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20130202.11
    T2  - Advances in Materials
    JF  - Advances in Materials
    JO  - Advances in Materials
    SP  - 12
    EP  - 22
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-252X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20130202.11
    AB  - High – speed steels are the most widely used tool material in small and medium scale industries, owing to their excellent toughness and economic price over their competitors. But the wear resistance and hot hardness of high-speed steels are poor compared to tools made out of carbides. Recent investigations, on the effect of cryogenic treatment have proved to be an alternative option to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of high-speed tool materials. But so far only a limited number of investigations have been made into the effect of cryogenic treatment on different grades of high-speed steels. The present research reports the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on AISI T42 grade high – speed steel, with specific emphasis on mode and mechanism of wear. Wear behavior has been studied using pin-on-disc tribo-meter under dry condition. Response surface methodology was adopted in designing the experiments for two factors with five levels. Mathematical model has been developed incorporating the effect of sliding velocity and load on the wear behavior. Sliding velocity was found to be dominant factor than normal load. Morphology of worn surface and the wear debris was studied using SEM to identify the mode and mechanism of wear. Mild oxidative wear was the dominant mode of wear throughout the range of variables used in this study. Deep cryogenically treated specimens exhibited significant improvement in wear resistance than conventionally heat treated specimens, especially at higher sliding velocities. The wear rate of conventionally heat treated specimen was found to be 3.138 to 2.493 times higher than that of deep cryogenically treated specimens. There was an increase in hardness value form 66.8-67.2 HRC at the end of conventional heat treatment to 69.5-70.2 HRC at the end of deep cryogenic treatment.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Women’s Polytechnic College, Pondicherry, India

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India

  • Sections