| Peer-Reviewed

Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori

Received: 11 December 2015     Published: 11 December 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Spatzle is a key factor in Toll signaling pathway against microbe invasion. The spatzle4 gene from silkworm (Bmspz4) was successfully cloned in this study, it is the second cloned and studied gene in the Spz family besides Bmspz1 in the silkworm and it was cloned for the first time in silkworm integument. The spatzle4 gene expression was analyzed in different tissues of the third day fifth instar larvae and the highest expression was detected in the head, and secondly in integument. Microbe infection showed that BmSpz4 participated in immune response. The transcriptional expression of BmSpz4 was induced differentially between Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria or fungi. This study showed that Bmspz4 gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of integument of silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14
Page(s) 344-349
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spatzle, Immune Response, Silkworm, Immune-Related Gene, Microbe

References
[1] H. Jiang, A. Vilcinskas, M.R. Kanost, Immunity in lepidopteran insects, Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 708 (2010) 181-204.
[2] J.A. Hoffmann, The immune response of Drosophila, Nature, 426 (2003) 33-38.
[3] D. Kang, G. Liu, A. Lundstrom, E. Gelius, H. Steiner, A peptidoglycan recognition protein in innate immunity conserved from insects to humans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 95 (1998) 10078-10082.
[4] J. Royet, J.M. Reichhart, J.A. Hoffmann, Sensing and signaling during infection in Drosophila, Current opinion in immunology, 17 (2005) 11-17.
[5] B. Lemaitre, J. Hoffmann, The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster, Annual review of immunology, 25 (2007) 697-743.
[6] A. Lundstrom, G. Liu, D. Kang, K. Berzins, H. Steiner, Trichoplusia ni gloverin, an inducible immune gene encoding an antibacterial insect protein, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 32 (2002) 795-801.
[7] M.P. Belvin, K.V. Anderson, A conserved signaling pathway: the Drosophila toll-dorsal pathway, Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 12 (1996) 393-416.
[8] M.S. Halfon, C. Hashimoto, H. Keshishian, The Drosophila toll gene functions zygotically and is necessary for proper motoneuron and muscle development, Developmental biology, 169 (1995) 151-167.
[9] R. Chasan, K.V. Anderson, The role of easter, an apparent serine protease, in organizing the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, Cell, 56 (1989) 391-400.
[10] A.N. Weber, S. Tauszig-Delamasure, J.A. Hoffmann, E. Lelievre, H. Gascan, K.P. Ray, M.A. Morse, J.L. Imler, N.J. Gay, Binding of the Drosophila cytokine Spatzle to Toll is direct and establishes signaling, Nature immunology, 4 (2003) 794-800.
[11] D. Morisato, K.V. Anderson, The spatzle gene encodes a component of the extracellular signaling pathway establishing the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, Cell, 76 (1994) 677-688.
[12] S. Mulinari, U. Hacker, C. Castillejo-Lopez, Expression and regulation of Spatzle-processing enzyme in Drosophila, FEBS letters, 580 (2006) 5406-5410.
[13] I.H. Jang, N. Chosa, S.H. Kim, H.J. Nam, B. Lemaitre, M. Ochiai, Z. Kambris, S. Brun, C. Hashimoto, M. Ashida, P.T. Brey, W.J. Lee, A Spatzle-processing enzyme required for toll signaling activation in Drosophila innate immunity, Developmental cell, 10 (2006) 45-55.
[14] F. Leulier, C. Parquet, S. Pili-Floury, J.H. Ryu, M. Caroff, W.J. Lee, D. Mengin-Lecreulx, B. Lemaitre, The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition, Nature immunology, 4 (2003) 478-484.
[15] C.A. Janeway, Jr., Pillars article: approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold spring harb symp quant biol. 1989. 54: 1-13, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 191 (2013) 4475-4487.
[16] V. Gobert, M. Gottar, A.A. Matskevich, S. Rutschmann, J. Royet, M. Belvin, J.A. Hoffmann, D. Ferrandon, Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors, Science, 302 (2003) 2126-2130.
[17] Y.S. Kim, J.H. Ryu, S.J. Han, K.H. Choi, K.B. Nam, I.H. Jang, B. Lemaitre, P.T. Brey, W.J. Lee, Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein, a pattern recognition receptor for lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan that mediates the signaling for the induction of innate immune genes in Drosophila melanogaster cells, The Journal of biological chemistry, 275 (2000) 32721-32727.
[18] T. Michel, J.M. Reichhart, J.A. Hoffmann, J. Royet, Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein, Nature, 414 (2001) 756-759.
[19] M.R. Kanost, H. Jiang, X.Q. Yu, Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta, Immunological reviews, 198 (2004) 97-105.
[20] L. Wang, P. Ligoxygakis, Pathogen recognition and signalling in the Drosophila innate immune response, Immunobiology, 211 (2006) 251-261.
[21] D. Morisato, K.V. Anderson, Signaling pathways that establish the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, Annual review of genetics, 29 (1995) 371-399.
[22] P. Ligoxygakis, N. Pelte, J.A. Hoffmann, J.M. Reichhart, Activation of Drosophila Toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease, Science, 297 (2002) 114-116.
[23] B. Moussian, S. Roth, Dorsoventral axis formation in the Drosophila embryo--shaping and transducing a morphogen gradient, Curr. Biol., 15 (2005) R887-899.
[24] A. Hoffmann, A. Funkner, P. Neumann, S. Juhnke, M. Walther, A. Schierhorn, U. Weininger, J. Balbach, G. Reuter, M.T. Stubbs, Biophysical characterization of refolded Drosophila Spatzle, a cystine knot protein, reveals distinct properties of three isoforms, The Journal of biological chemistry, 283 (2008) 32598-32609.
[25] X. Hu, Y. Yagi, T. Tanji, S. Zhou, Y.T. Ip, Multimerization and interaction of Toll and Spatzle in Drosophila, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 101 (2004) 9369-9374.
[26] T.C. Cheng, Y.L. Zhang, C. Liu, P.Z. Xu, Z.H. Gao, Q.Y. Xia, Z.H. Xiang, Identification and analysis of Toll-related genes in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, Developmental and comparative immunology, 32 (2008) 464-475.
[27] K. Taniai, T. Ishii, M. Sugiyama, A. Miyanoshita, M. Yamakawa, Nucleotide sequence of 5'-upstream region and expression of a silkworm gene encoding a new member of the attacin family, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 220 (1996) 594-599.
[28] Y. Wang, T. Cheng, S. Rayaprolu, Z. Zou, Q. Xia, Z. Xiang, H. Jiang, Proteolytic activation of pro-spatzle is required for the induced transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes in lepidopteran insects, Developmental and comparative immunology, 31 (2007) 1002-1012.
[29] P. Tzou, S. Ohresser, D. Ferrandon, M. Capovilla, J.M. Reichhart, B. Lemaitre, J.A. Hoffmann, J.L. Imler, Tissue-specific inducible expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila surface epithelia, Immunity, 13 (2000) 737-748.
[30] E.A. Levashina, E. Langley, C. Green, D. Gubb, M. Ashburner, J.A. Hoffmann, J.M. Reichhart, Constitutive activation of toll-mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila, Science, 285 (1999) 1917-1919.
[31] M.M. Davis, Y. Engstrom, Immune response in the barrier epithelia: lessons from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, J Innate Immun, 4 (2012) 273-283.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ying Xu, Ji Liu, Fengpeng Li, Xuefang Wang, Xihai Li, et al. (2015). Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 3(6), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ying Xu; Ji Liu; Fengpeng Li; Xuefang Wang; Xihai Li, et al. Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015, 3(6), 344-349. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ying Xu, Ji Liu, Fengpeng Li, Xuefang Wang, Xihai Li, et al. Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2015;3(6):344-349. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14,
      author = {Ying Xu and Ji Liu and Fengpeng Li and Xuefang Wang and Xihai Li and Zhongyuan Shen and Jinmei Wu},
      title = {Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori},
      journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {344-349},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20150306.14},
      abstract = {Spatzle is a key factor in Toll signaling pathway against microbe invasion. The spatzle4 gene from silkworm (Bmspz4) was successfully cloned in this study, it is the second cloned and studied gene in the Spz family besides Bmspz1 in the silkworm and it was cloned for the first time in silkworm integument. The spatzle4 gene expression was analyzed in different tissues of the third day fifth instar larvae and the highest expression was detected in the head, and secondly in integument. Microbe infection showed that BmSpz4 participated in immune response. The transcriptional expression of BmSpz4 was induced differentially between Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria or fungi. This study showed that Bmspz4 gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of integument of silkworm, Bombyx mori.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Immune-Related Gene Spatzle4 and Its Differential Immune Responses against Microbes in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori
    AU  - Ying Xu
    AU  - Ji Liu
    AU  - Fengpeng Li
    AU  - Xuefang Wang
    AU  - Xihai Li
    AU  - Zhongyuan Shen
    AU  - Jinmei Wu
    Y1  - 2015/12/11
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14
    T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    SP  - 344
    EP  - 349
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8133
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20150306.14
    AB  - Spatzle is a key factor in Toll signaling pathway against microbe invasion. The spatzle4 gene from silkworm (Bmspz4) was successfully cloned in this study, it is the second cloned and studied gene in the Spz family besides Bmspz1 in the silkworm and it was cloned for the first time in silkworm integument. The spatzle4 gene expression was analyzed in different tissues of the third day fifth instar larvae and the highest expression was detected in the head, and secondly in integument. Microbe infection showed that BmSpz4 participated in immune response. The transcriptional expression of BmSpz4 was induced differentially between Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria or fungi. This study showed that Bmspz4 gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of integument of silkworm, Bombyx mori.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang City, P. R. China

  • Sections