Conducting polymers have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and adaptability, positioning them as pivotal materials in modern science and technology. This review provides a concise overview of the latest advancements in conducting polymers, emphasizing innovations in their synthesis, structural engineering, and diverse applications. Notable progress in widely studied polymers such as polyani-line (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh) derivatives is explored. Recent developments include enhanced conductivity achieved through advanced doping techniques, such as the incorporation of novel organic and inorganic dopants, and improved material stability via nano structuring, including nanofibers and nanocomposites. Additionally, greener synthesis methods, like the use of biodegradable solvents and enzyme-assisted polymerization, reflect a shift toward sustainable practices. The applications of these materials have expanded significantly, with conducting polymers playing critical roles in flexible electronics, such as organic transistors and wearable devices, and in energy storage systems, including high-performance supercapacitors and lightweight batteries. Their sensitivity and biocompatibility have also fuelled advancements in chemical and biological sensors, as well as tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite these strides, challenges persist, including scalability for industrial production, long-term environmental stability, and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights ongoing efforts to overcome these hurdles through molecular design and hybrid material integration. Looking forward, the future of conducting polymers lies in developing multifunctional, eco-friendly systems that meet the demands of next-generation technologies, solidifying their status as a cornerstone of materials innovation in the 21st century.

Conducting Polymers, Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, Polythiophene, Nanofibers, Supercapacitors