Potassium (K) is one of the essential macronutrients required by plants for optimal growth and development. Unlike nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is not involved in the structural composition of plants but plays critical roles in various physiological processes such as enzyme activation, water regulation, and photosynthesis. The availability of potassium in soils, its uptake by plants, and its overall efficiency in supporting plant growth are influenced by a range of factors, including soil type, pH, organic matter, microbial activity, and fertilization practices. This paper explores the dynamics of potassium in the soil, its availability to plants, the mechanisms involved in its uptake, and strategies for improving its efficiency in crop production. Additionally, it will highlight how potassium availability impacts crop yield, quality, and resistance to environmental stressors. Through a better understanding of potassium dynamics, it is possible to develop more sustainable soil management strategies and optimize the use of fertilizers, thus improving agricultural productivity and minimizing environmental impacts.

Potassium Dynamics, Soil Availability, Potassium Uptake, Fertilizer Efficiency, Sustainable Agriculture, Soil Fertility, Crop Production