Enhancement of Biogas Production by Cellulytic Bacteria from Bagasse Using Methanogenesis
Md. Abdur Rashid Mia,
Md. Rasel Molla,
Tanzina Sayed,
Md. Moksadul Amin,
Tanzima Yeasmin,
Md. Belal Uddin
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
1-6
Received:
13 July 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcbe.20170101.11
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Abstract: Energy is essential to meet the basic needs of life, to increase amenities and modernization. The main sources of energy that are met our energy demands are mineral oil, coal, natural gas and firewood. These conventional energy sources are being depleted day by day. So renewable, alternative and effective energy sources should be explored for our country as well as whole world. The production of biogas serves as an alternative energy source. The main objective of our research work was enhancement of biogas production by cellulytic bacteria from bagasse using methanogens. Five liters capacity glass reactors were used. Five sets of batch modes anaerobic digesters were used under laboratory condition. Bagasse was used as feed materials. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar mill and it was used as raw materials for paper production in our paper mills. Now it is discarded and creates a problem of sugar mills to use and manage bagasse. The raw materials were diluted with supply water in the ratio of 1 to 9 for bagasse. The characteristics of the influent slurry in term of Total Solid (T.S)%, Volatile Solid (V.S)%, PH and temperature ranges were determined every 7 days intervals for bagasse. The percentage of methane of biogas obtained from bagasse was 80%. The S1 strain (Monococcus sp.) and S3 strain (Streptococcus sp.) of cellulytic bacteria produced 3.45×10-3 (m3/day/kg feedstock) biogas and 3.85×10-3 (m3/day/kg feedstock) biogas at 22th day respectively whereas control produced 2.85×10-3 (m3/day/kg feedstock) biogas at 34th day by using bagasse as feedstock. The results clearly demonstrated that the rate of biogas production was increased by S1 strain and S3 strain of cellulytic bacteria. The cumulative biogas production was found 54.20×10-3m3, 66.21×10-3m3 and 61.59×10-3m3 for control, S1 strain and S3 strain of cellulytic bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, results obtained from the present research work can be used to design biogas reactor in the field conditions to operate batch and semi-continuous mode for disposal management of sugar mills and thereby contribute a lot of in our fuel and fertilizer sectors.
Abstract: Energy is essential to meet the basic needs of life, to increase amenities and modernization. The main sources of energy that are met our energy demands are mineral oil, coal, natural gas and firewood. These conventional energy sources are being depleted day by day. So renewable, alternative and effective energy sources should be explored for our c...
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Study on Extract Methodology of Total Flavonoids from Ginger and Hydroxyl Radicals Scavenging Effect
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
7-16
Received:
8 September 2016
Accepted:
7 December 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcbe.20170101.12
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Abstract: Extract methodology of total flavonoids from ginger and hydroxyl radicals scavenging effect, were researched in this paper. Methanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time were determined as four single-factor in the experiment. The central points of Box-Benhnken design were selected according to the experimental results of single-factor experiment, the extract process was further optimized by RSM and BBD. The optimum extract conditions were methanol concentration of 60%, solid-liquid ratio of 3:30 (g:mL), extraction temperature of 60°C and time of 3 h, The maximum experimental extraction ratio was 0.497% by RSM. The experimental extraction ratio matched well with the theoretical value of 0.538% by solving the multiple regression equation. RSM has been proved to be an effective technique for optimization of extraction process and the fitted quadratic model has a predictive effect on target extracts. The scavenging effect of ginger extracts, BHT and L-ascorbic acid on•OH with the same concentration were sorted by L-ascorbic acid > ginger extract > BHT, and all the three antioxidant regents displayed a significant dose-effect relationship.
Abstract: Extract methodology of total flavonoids from ginger and hydroxyl radicals scavenging effect, were researched in this paper. Methanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time were determined as four single-factor in the experiment. The central points of Box-Benhnken design were selected according to the experimental results...
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Application of Biohydrometallurgy to Copper Mining in Zambia: Prospects and Opportunities
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
17-23
Received:
24 August 2016
Accepted:
29 August 2016
Published:
26 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcbe.20170101.13
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Abstract: The consumption of copper worldwide has grown fast since 2000; the mining industry is increasingly faced with the necessity to process low grade ores and waste tailings, from current mining operations. The economic extraction of copper from low-grade ores requires low-cost processing methods such as biohydrometallurgy. This study looks at a general panorama of copper mining in Zambia and discusses biohydrometallurgy as a novel and economically viable process for copper extraction. It also presents future prospects of this technology in Zambia. Since early 1930s, the copper mining industry has been the economic and social pillar of Zambia with about 80% contribution to the total export earnings and about 13% Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Mineralisation in the Zambian Copperbelt is dominantly sulphide, comprising of chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite among others with grades of the ore deposits generally in the range of 3 - 4% copper and 0.1 - 0.2% cobalt. Huge low grade copper deposits (~0.67% Cu) which are dominantly sulphides (chalcopyrite) were recently discovered in Lumwana area in the North-western Zambia and are currently being exploited. Reports show that more than one billion tons of ore (c. 2.7% Cu) has so far been mined from the mines on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia and conservative estimates suggest that a further two billion tons await exploitation. This provides considerable opportunities for further exploration and mining in Zambia. However, there is currently no commercial copper processing plants in operation on a large-scale in Zambia via biohydrometallurgical process. In order for Zambian mining industry record considerably higher recoveries at inherently lower capital cost, there is need to focus effort on research in this innovative technology and its application.
Abstract: The consumption of copper worldwide has grown fast since 2000; the mining industry is increasingly faced with the necessity to process low grade ores and waste tailings, from current mining operations. The economic extraction of copper from low-grade ores requires low-cost processing methods such as biohydrometallurgy. This study looks at a general...
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Impact on the Physical, Structural, Thermal, and Behavioral Properties of Zinc Chloride after Treatment with the Energy of Consciousness Healing
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Ariadne Esmene Afaganis,
Barbara Marie Bader,
Brian A. Weekes,
Daphne Luisa Dumas,
Denise Marie Fiedler,
Dennille Mellesia Smith,
Desi Pano,
Donna Felice Galla,
Donna Maria Alija,
Elaine Barbara Mullins,
Elaine M. Scorza,
Ellia O'Donnell,
Fabio Massimo Paciucci,
Frances Goodman Warlick,
Haddon Norman Salt,
Inthirani Arul,
Jacqueline Y. Andrews,
James Jay McLeran,
James Stephen Burnett,
Jean Caroline White,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
24-34
Received:
24 February 2017
Accepted:
3 March 2017
Published:
21 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcbe.20170101.14
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Abstract: Zinc chloride is an important inorganic compound used as a source of zinc in various pharmaceutical/nutraceutical formulations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant alteration of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample compared with the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly decreased by 16.31% compared with the control sample. The particle size values at d10, d50, and d90 were significantly decreased by 11.54%, 7.75%, and 1.34%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. Therefore, the surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 8.36% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in both the control and treated samples were found at 516 cm-1. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λmax) of the control and treated samples were at 196.6 nm and 196.4 nm, respectively. The DSC analysis exhibited that the melting and decomposition temperature were increased by 1.25% and 0.21%, respectively in the treated zinc chloride compared to the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated sample (434.97 J/g) was significantly increased by 84.74% compared with the control sample (235.45 J/g). Similarly, the enthalpy of decomposition of the treated sample (1241.86 J/g) was significantly increased by 307.21% compared with the control sample (304.97 J/g). So, the treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to produce a thermally more stable new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble and bioavailable compared with the untreated compound. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
Abstract: Zinc chloride is an important inorganic compound used as a source of zinc in various pharmaceutical/nutraceutical formulations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of...
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Detection of Volatile S- and N-containing Compounds Based on SAW Array Sensor
Ning Mu,
Yong Pan,
Shengyu Shao,
Liu Yang,
Wen Wang,
Shitang He
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
35-39
Received:
7 June 2017
Accepted:
6 July 2017
Published:
3 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajcbe.20170101.15
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Abstract: A chemical sensing system based on arrays of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators has been developed for identification of S- and N-containing Compounds. The four resonators in the array are coated with four kinds of different chemoselective polymers: triethanolamine (TEA), nano-fibular polyaniline (PANI), glutamic acid hydrochloride (GAH) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) modified with tungsten trioxide, which are used for the detection of harmful gases H2S, SO2, NH3 and NO2 respectively. The harmful gases were detected under room conditions, the response time, the response value, the recovery speed and the detection tendency are obtained. The characteristics of various gases are extracted from the experiment datum. The datum is processed and Pattern recognition algorithms are developed to identify four different of gases. The stability experiments are also made to prove the accuracy of the results of the detection. It is concluded that the harmful gases, including H2S, SO2, NH3 and NO2, could be detected rapidly and accurately by the SAW array sensor.
Abstract: A chemical sensing system based on arrays of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators has been developed for identification of S- and N-containing Compounds. The four resonators in the array are coated with four kinds of different chemoselective polymers: triethanolamine (TEA), nano-fibular polyaniline (PANI), glutamic acid hydrochloride (GAH) and mu...
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