The Hypoglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Effects of Anacardium occidentale Methanolic Nut Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Folasade Omobolanle Ajao,
Michael Adeyemi Olamoyegun,
Marcus Olaoye Iyedupe
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
133-141
Received:
17 March 2021
Accepted:
12 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: This research work investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-oxidative effects of Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty (40) Wistar rats weighing 250±30g were randomly divided into five groups of 8rats each. Group1served as the control; Group2-5were induced with diabetes with a single dose of 50mg/kgbw of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. After diabetes induction, Group2 served as the streptozotocin only group, Group3and4 were administered 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kgbwp.o of Anacardium occidentale nut extract, respectively, while Group5 was administered 2mg/kgbw of glimepiride as a reference drug for a period of 4weeks. Food and water intake were monitored daily, bodyweight, and blood glucose levels weekly throughout the experiment. On day29, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical studies. Administration of Anacardium occidentale nut extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations and significantly increase (p<0.05) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in diabetic treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Reduced glutathione (GSH), and Catalase (CAT) levels significantly (p<0.05) increases with a decrease Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetic treated rats. Food intake and bodyweight of diabetic treated rats significantly increases (p<0.05). Markers of liver and kidney functions were also improved in diabetic treated rats. The results from this study suggest that Anacardium occidentale nut may be useful in the therapeutic management of diabetes and its related complications.
Abstract: This research work investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-oxidative effects of Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty (40) Wistar rats weighing 250±30g were randomly divided into five groups of 8rats each. Group1served as the control; Group2-5were induced with diabe...
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Comparison of Phytochemical Composition, Free Radical Scavenging Activity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Herbs Against Two Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
Manjula Bomma,
Lam Duong,
Srinivas Rao Mentreddy,
Florence Okafor,
Qunying Yuan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
142-150
Received:
18 April 2021
Accepted:
7 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: Spices and herbs, owing to their natural benefits to human health, are gaining momentum as food preservatives in recent years. Due to their antioxidant activity, their extracts with bioactive principles form the basis of pharmaceutical and food processing applications. Two of such crops, mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) and red turmeric (Curcuma longa), were compared for their phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts, and their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis in this study. Our results showed that the mountain mint had higher total phenolic content and total tannin content: 614.41±3.96 and 529.74±4.39 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram dry weight extract. In comparison, red turmeric had higher total flavonoid content: 1250.51±8.10 mg catechin equivalents/gram dry weight extract. A lower IC50 value (21.39±0.86 μg/mL) of red turmeric reflected its higher antioxidant activity. A lower concentration of methanolic extract of red turmeric rhizome was needed for both MIC (62.5 and 125 μg/mL) and MBC (125 and 250 μg/mL) assay against L. monocytogenes and S. enteritidis, respectively. In conclusion, these findings showed the red turmeric methanolic extract as a source of potential phytochemicals and antioxidants exhibited relative efficiency with antimicrobial activity against two common foodborne pathogens. The results have implications for use in processed food preservation and protection against food spoilage pathogens.
Abstract: Spices and herbs, owing to their natural benefits to human health, are gaining momentum as food preservatives in recent years. Due to their antioxidant activity, their extracts with bioactive principles form the basis of pharmaceutical and food processing applications. Two of such crops, mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) and red turmeric (Cu...
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Determinants of Obstetric Complications in Debre Behran Referral Hospital, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A Matched Case-control Study
Abebe Balcha,
Robert Wondimu,
Zalalem Kaba
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
151-165
Received:
26 April 2021
Accepted:
4 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Obstetric complications are health problems that occur during pregnancy, delivery and postnatal period. In Ethiopia, obstetric complications are the major cause of maternal death in which results from represent a mix of risk factors such as illiteracy, lack of information, low use of health care, previous obstetric complications, previous chronic medical conditions, remote location, poverty and poor decision-making power of women. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess determinants of obstetric complications in Debre Berhan Referral hospital, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Method: An institutional based matched case-control study was conducted on determinants of obstetric complications in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital from March 10 to April 30, 2019. Systematic sampling method was used to select 47 cases and 94 controls a total sample size of 141 and data was collected using pre-tested standardized questionnaire and checklist. Then data was entered and cleaned using Epi-info version 7.0, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using conditional logistic regression on SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics and odds ratio with 95% CI was computed for predictor variables and P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Age 35 years and above [(COR=1.8, 95% CI: (1.023-3.27)], age of first pregnancy less than 18 years [AOR=2.825, 95% CI, (1.021-3.273)], lack information access [AOR=13.742, 95% CI, (4.935-38.270)], birth interval less or equal 1 year [AOR=2.581, 95% CI, (1.679-3.896)]; past obstetric complications [AOR=3.450, 95% CI, (2.001-4.155)], anemia [AOR=3.1, 95% CI, (2.002-4.414)], focused ANC utilizations [AOR=0.30, 95% CI, (0.014-0.877)], and induced labor [AOR=4.9, 95% CI 1.008-7.321)] showed significant association with an obstetric complications. Conclusions and recommendations: ANC, age, birth interval, past obstetric complications, abortion, information access, educational status, planned pregnancy, anaemia, weight loss, and FP were determinants of obstetric complications in study area. Therefore, providing appropriate information on potential obstetric complications, accessed maternal health services and empower women is very important.
Abstract: Background: Obstetric complications are health problems that occur during pregnancy, delivery and postnatal period. In Ethiopia, obstetric complications are the major cause of maternal death in which results from represent a mix of risk factors such as illiteracy, lack of information, low use of health care, previous obstetric complications, previo...
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A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Association of Thyroid Autoantibodies with Thyroid Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Mitan Chakma,
Milton Barua,
Kyaw Khin U,
Mahmud Ullah Faruquee,
Sayed Muhammad Alauddin Sharif,
Shahin Ibn Rahman,
Afjal Hossain,
Amanat Ullah
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
166-175
Received:
13 April 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
30 June 2021
Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant lesion and its incidence continues to rise. The aim of this study was to assess association between thyroid antibodies and thyroid malignancies. This was a cross sectional study of 120 patients with thyroid nodules undergoing thyroidectomy with recorded preoperative thyroid antibodies [autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) and/or thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb)] levels from 2017 to 2018 admitted at the ENT Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong. Analysis was done to assess the association between preoperative thyroid antibody levels, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results, type of thyroid surgery and final histopathology. Mean age of the study population was 35.58 years (SD:±11.36). According to the final histopathological diagnosis of the 120 patients 80% were benign and other 20% were malignant. Men are more likely to suffer from thyroid malignancy than women (33.3% versus 18.9%). Multinodules are predominant group than solitary nodule (55% versus 45%). Though the prevalence of thyroid malignancies is more in solitary group than multinodules group (22.2% versus 18.2%) the difference is not statistically significant. Among the benign nodules most of them (88.5%) were nodular goiter and among the malignancies most of them were (80.3%) were papillary thyroid carcinoma. There is moderate agreement between FNA and histopathological diagnosis (kappa is .405). The patients with high TSH level in comparison to low TSH level were significantly associated with thyroid malignancy. The patients with preoperative elevated TgAb (≥ 40IU/mL) has 2.55 times of more chance to have malignant lesion than the patients who has normal TgAb level. The study revealed that elevated level of TgAb may act as an independent prediction factor for thyroid malignancy.
Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant lesion and its incidence continues to rise. The aim of this study was to assess association between thyroid antibodies and thyroid malignancies. This was a cross sectional study of 120 patients with thyroid nodules undergoing thyroidectomy with recorded preoperative thyroid antibodies [autoantib...
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