-
Trichoderma: A Unique Bio-control Agent Boost up Plants Immunity
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
42-48
Received:
30 May 2022
Accepted:
23 June 2022
Published:
20 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Climate changes are responsible for the emergence of new diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. Crops diseases and pests are a threat to agricultural crop production that affect yield in quantity and quality. Plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes are affecting the growth of plants and reducing their yields. Trichoderma spp. is well known biological control agent, which is widely used in agricultural crop production. Trichoderma is one of the beneficial bio-agent which influences soil health and acts as a bio-fertilizer, bioremediation, uptake of nutrients, plant growth promoter, resistance to abiotic stresses, and increases crops yield. Trichoderma spp. is colonization in the roots that helps insolubilization of minerals such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, rock phosphate, and N-used efficiency. It’s widely studied due to its production of antibiotics that parasitize other fungi and compete with harmful plant microbes as common in soil and root inhabitants. Mechanisms involved as production of antibiotics, competition for nutrients, mycoparasitism, and systemic induce resistance in plants. Trichoderma spp. can manage plant diseases in the sustainable agricultural crop production and detoxification of polluted areas. In the rhizosphere zone their recognition and exchange of signalling molecules by Trichoderma. In association with plant roots, triggers systemic induce resistance and increases plant nutrient uptake. Trichoderma enhances plant growth, development and resistance that increased the yield of crops. Induce root branching and increase shoot biomass by Trichoderma strains is due to fungal auxin-like compounds. Trichoderma spp is effective against soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi and nematodes also. Trichoderma spp is one of the fast-growing bio-control agents that produce green spores as chlamydospores and is used against soil-borne plant pathogens such as Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Pythium, Phytophthora, and Aspergillus, manage through the action of mycoparasitism, antibiotics and competition for food and space. Trichoderma is a beneficial organism in an ecological situation and environmental compatibility makes it useful in all types of cropping systems in agriculture and food safety. Trichoderma can manage plant-parasitic nematodes by inducing resistance, parasitism, antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, and modifying the root, nutrient and water uptake by the plants.
Abstract: Climate changes are responsible for the emergence of new diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. Crops diseases and pests are a threat to agricultural crop production that affect yield in quantity and quality. Plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes are affecting the growth of plants and reducing their yields. Tricho...
Show More
-
Diagnostic Tests for Econometric Problems in Multiple Regression Analysis
Abeer Mohamed Abd El Razek Youssef
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
49-59
Received:
19 June 2022
Accepted:
19 July 2022
Published:
29 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Most econometric models suffer from the problems of autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. This paper presents a brief on these problems, their causes, how can be detected, tested, and minimized. The OLS method is based on several assumptions, and if these assumptions are fulfilled, we obtain unbiased, consistent, and efficient estimates (less variance compared to other methods). We discuss these problems as follows: First: the problem of multicollinearity Second: The problem of autocorrelation Third: Variation Heteroscedasticity. This article presents inference for many commonly used estimators - Box Plot on Normal Distribution, skewness, kurtosis, and Assumptions for Multiple Regression, that are asymptotically normally distributed. The Section Inference focuses on multicollinearity and hypothesis tests based on correlation matrix estimates measures a goodness of fit that are determine if a data set is well-modeled, heteroskedastic and, if relevant, Autocorrelation test. The Section Model Tests and Diagnostics summarizes tests of model adequacy and model diagnostics. The Section of practical application presents diagnostic tests that are used to judge the quality of the model, whether it is efficiency, convenience, fitness and flawless. The validity its ability to measure sensitivity and specificity. where it is essential indicators of test accuracy and allow to determine the appropriateness of the diagnostic tool.
Abstract: Most econometric models suffer from the problems of autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. This paper presents a brief on these problems, their causes, how can be detected, tested, and minimized. The OLS method is based on several assumptions, and if these assumptions are fulfilled, we obtain unbiased, consistent, and efficient...
Show More
-
COVID-19: What Lessons Learned in Anticipation of Future Pandemics in the Field of Water Resources
Noui Abderrahmane,
Guesbaya Zineb
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
60-64
Received:
16 June 2022
Accepted:
14 July 2022
Published:
5 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: According to the recommendations of the WHO, the most effective way to eliminate COVID-19 is the quarantine and always clean hands by rubbing them with an alcohol disinfectant or washing them with soap and water, but alcohol disinfectants are expensive compared to water, and billions of people in the world lack clean water. The aim of this study is to evaluate the amount of water needed to wash hands only during quarantine for a period of 75 days to eliminate the corona virus in the country’s most affected by it, with a focus on countries with water shortages, to alert governments to mobilize sufficient water resources to eliminate this epidemic and future epidemics. By a rough calculation, we assessed the water requirements for hand washing for 75 days of quarantine in the 53 countries most affected by the epidemic, and we summarized them in (Table 1). The average increase in the water needs to face the Corona virus by hand washing only ranges between: 3.20% to 15.70%, at a global average rate of 9.68%. Among the 53 countries most affected by the Corona virus, 27 countries in five continents suffer from significant water stress, which means that 50% of these countries may be unable to provide water to their citizens to wash their hands only, without considering the quantities of water required to sterilize hospitals, administrations, shops and streets. To face the COVID-19 and various epidemics in the future, all governments must mobilize adequate water resources and expedite the completion of water networks.
Abstract: According to the recommendations of the WHO, the most effective way to eliminate COVID-19 is the quarantine and always clean hands by rubbing them with an alcohol disinfectant or washing them with soap and water, but alcohol disinfectants are expensive compared to water, and billions of people in the world lack clean water. The aim of this study is...
Show More
-
The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on Animal Service Deliveries in Central Areas of Ethiopia
Temesgen Kassa,
Beksisa Urge,
Tamirat Siyoum,
Markos Tadele,
Fikadu Gutema,
Helen Aklilu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
65-72
Received:
28 June 2022
Accepted:
27 July 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: A novel coronavirus outbreak is an infectious pandemic that is occurring in 2019. Instead of being SARS or influenza, it is a zoonotic virus that may spread to people. COVID-19 was emerged at the end of 2019 in China in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei China. The two most significant and well-known methods of virus transmission are direct physical contact and inhalation. The purpose of this study is to assess the status of COVID-19 in the local community and how it affects the provision of animal services in the Ethiopian regions of Adea Berga, Ejere, and Wolmera. All 132 respondents (18 female, 113 male), 49 (37.4%) from Adea Berga, 41 (31.3%) Ejere and 49 (31.3%) Wolmera have information about the introduction of the pandemic in Ethiopia via mass media (radio and television, 81.8%). Most respondents (49.2%) confirmed those old age groups were the most vulnerable age category. Animal health service deliveries were reduced by 9.9% in Adea Berga, 1.5% in Ejere and 5.3% in Wolmera after the introduction of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The occurrences of animal diseases were increased by 13% in Adea Berga, 0.8% in Ejere and 4.6% in Wolmera due to this pandemic. Increasing the knowledge of population and secure supplies, inputs and services for small holder farmers, medium and large scale farm owners is mandatory in the area.
Abstract: A novel coronavirus outbreak is an infectious pandemic that is occurring in 2019. Instead of being SARS or influenza, it is a zoonotic virus that may spread to people. COVID-19 was emerged at the end of 2019 in China in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei China. The two most significant and well-known methods of virus transmission are direct physical conta...
Show More
-
The Occurrence of Gastro Intestinal Parasites of Donkeys in and Around Holeta Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Aboma Adeba,
Temesgen Kassa,
Ayichew Teshale
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
73-80
Received:
1 July 2022
Accepted:
1 August 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Holeta Town, Finfinne Zuria Special Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017 to determine the prevalence and evaluate the correlation between quantifiable factors and the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitosis in donkeys. From 384 fecal samples obtained by simple random technique and evaluated by flotation, sedimentation, and Baerman fecal examination techniques, an overall prevalence of 95.39% was discovered. The major parasites identified by qualitative faecal examination techniques were Strongyles spps. (74.7%), Parascaris equorum (8.1%), Strongyloides spps. (3.6%), Gastrodiscus aegypticus (18.5%), Oxyrus equi (15.1%), Fasciola spps. (19%), Anoplocephala spps. (3.1%) and Trichonema spps (62.5%). Coproculture of positive samples revealed the occurrence of Strongylus vulgaris (51.8%), Strongylus edentates (35.3%), Strongylus equinus (26.3%), Trichostrongylus axei (4.7%) Strongyloides westeri (3.6%), and Triodonthophorus tenuicollis (30.2%). There was statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of Strongyliodes westeri infection and body condition score, being more prevalent (57.1%) in animals with poor body condition score than moderate, ideal and fat (35.7%’ 7.1%’ 0%) body condition scores respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among different age and between both sex groups, except for P. equorum and Strongylus vulgaris which were found prevalent in different age groups. Deworming status was found to be significant (P < 0.05) for Triodontophorus tenuicolis and Trichonemia spps, with higher prevalence found in non-dewormed donkeys in both cases. The current study strongly suggested that donkey gastro intestinal parasites are still common and economically significant in the study area, severely limiting the productivity of donkeys there. Given the significance of these animals to the economy, additional and intensified treatment and control intervention is therefore strongly advised.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Holeta Town, Finfinne Zuria Special Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017 to determine the prevalence and evaluate the correlation between quantifiable factors and the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitosis in donkeys. From 384 fecal samples obtained by simple random tech...
Show More
-
Assessment and Evaluation of Seed Replacement Rate on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Seed Yield in Ethiopia
Bekele Gemechu,
Nugusu Bekele,
Tesfaye Geleta
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
81-86
Received:
27 June 2022
Accepted:
28 July 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The assessment and evaluation was done in major lentil growing areas of the country mainly in Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regions. Gimbichu, Adea, Moretina Jiru, Lume and Siyadebrna wayu were the districts involved for the study from the respective regions. Primery data was collected from the respondents of the selected districts. Lentil seed sample was collected from interviewed farmers based on the trend of seed replacement experiences which was intended for field experiment. Seed samples were bulked according to the identified replacement years and subjected to field experimentation The treatments were arranged based on the seed replacement rate of the farmers as 3years interval, 4 years interval, 5 years interval and basic seed of lentil variety Alemaya was used as standard check. The field experiment was conducted in a Randomized complete block design with three replications with plot size of 2m x 1.2m=2.4m2 at Minjar, Chefe and Akaki sub-site. Both quantitative and qualitative data collected were subjected to SAS and SPSS statistical software. All the yield and yield related components were non- significant at 5% except for flowering date and straw yield. All yield and yield related parameters show significant differences at 5% for locations and the maximum seed yield was recorded at Chefe Donsa (901 kg/ha) followed by Minjar (589kg/ha and the lowest was from Akaki (301kg/ha). Regarding the seed replacement rate all yield and yield related parameters showed significant variations except for flowering date and plant height and the maximum seed yield was obtained at three years of seed replacement (695kg/ha) and the lowest is at fifth year seed replacement year (518kg/ha) which indicates the productivity of the varieties reduced as the replacement year increases due to genetic and physical deterioration and susceptibility to disease.
Abstract: The assessment and evaluation was done in major lentil growing areas of the country mainly in Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regions. Gimbichu, Adea, Moretina Jiru, Lume and Siyadebrna wayu were the districts involved for the study from the respective regions. Primery data was collected from the respondents of the selected districts. Lentil seed sample wa...
Show More
-
Decision on Market Participation of Rice Producers in Fogera District, Northwest Ethiopia
Ayele Tesfahun,
Adane Melak,
Girmachew Siraw,
Almaz Giziew
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
87-94
Received:
11 July 2022
Accepted:
5 August 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The recent studies indicated; determinants of rice market participation need further investigation in Fogera district. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify determinants of rice market participation decision and the quantity of rice marketed by rice producers. To address these objectives, both primary and secondary data were collected in 2018/2019 farming season. Both descriptive statistics and double hurdle econometric model were used to analyse the data of 212 sample rice producers. From the sample rice producers, 78.3% were market participants and the remaining 21.7% were non participants. The results of the study indicated, market distance was significantly and negatively influencing the probability of rice market participation, while credit use, production and market information were significantly and positively influencing the probability of rice market participation. Whereas, education level, credit use, production, labor and rice land size were significantly and positively influencing the quantity of rice marketed supply. The finding of this study emphasis the importance of socio economic, institutional and market factors related to yield enhancing rice technologies, use of credit and having access to market information. Therefore, development interventions could focus on improving such socio economic, institutional and market determinants to make farmers’ rice market participation wider.
Abstract: The recent studies indicated; determinants of rice market participation need further investigation in Fogera district. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify determinants of rice market participation decision and the quantity of rice marketed by rice producers. To address these objectives, both primary and secondary data were collected in ...
Show More
-
Public Health and Hygienic Aspects of Milk and Dairy Products: A Review
Kazi Al-Noman,
Masud Parvej,
Abdur Rahman,
Mohammad Salauddin,
Mukthar Mia,
Ahm Musleh Uddin,
Farah Zereen
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
95-103
Received:
23 June 2022
Accepted:
1 August 2022
Published:
15 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.18
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Milk is a vital ingredient of the dairy industry and is primarily manufactured for human consumption. Due to its substantial nutritional content, milk has a very high nutritional value. Anywhere in the world, including Bangladesh, people consume a variety of dairy products, including butter, cheese, milk powder, dahi, cream, ghee, ice cream, sweets, etc. Different types of microbial development are greatly aided by milk's high nutritional value. Consuming milk and dairy products can result in foodborne infections, according to a recent experiment. Serious foodborne infections are carried on by the numerous microorganisms found in dairy products. Milk and dairy products can be contaminated in a variety of ways. In order to affirm the standards of milk and dairy products, good cleanliness and manufacturing methods in the dairy business are crucial. Strict hygienic measures and precautions must be taken to eliminate the risk of microbial foodborne diseases and to obtain high-quality dairy products. In both rural and urban dairy sectors, hygienic collection, processing, shipping, and marketing are essential. It is important to employ good hygiene practices (GHP), good manufacturing practices (GMP), and hazards analysis and critical control points (HACCP) in the dairy sectors to lower the degree of microbial contamination because food safety is a growing global public health concern. This review will assist researchers, milk and milk producers, businesses, industrialists, and students in learning how to produce safe, hygienic, and high-quality dairy products.
Abstract: Milk is a vital ingredient of the dairy industry and is primarily manufactured for human consumption. Due to its substantial nutritional content, milk has a very high nutritional value. Anywhere in the world, including Bangladesh, people consume a variety of dairy products, including butter, cheese, milk powder, dahi, cream, ghee, ice cream, sweets...
Show More
-
Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), and Its Applications: A Review
Maqsood Ali Wagan,
Munesh Suthar,
Muhammad Khan Wagan,
Farhan Ali Wagan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
104-110
Received:
10 June 2022
Accepted:
8 August 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.19
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Date palm (phoenix dactylifera), that's commonly founds within the center east countries inclusive of the Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the us (California) that play a large role within the your budget and the environmental situations in the ones regions. The primary motive of planting dates is its fruits, which is ate up as fresh, dried or the processed forms. There are approximately a hundred million date palm bushes within the worldwide that 62 millions of those trees located inside the center east and the North Africa. In Saudi Arabia most effective, 15000 lots of date palm leaves are ready as the waste substances. The leaves of date palm tree are used in the several packages together with making ropes, baskets, and mats in many elements of the world. Unfortunately, the massive amount of the non-meals merchandise from the date palm remains as landfill substances with none particular utilization. Via interest to the date palm properties, the literature definitely confirmed that each part of the date palm has amazing capability for use for a variety of programs which include: making paper, absorption of heavy and poisonous metals, strength production and soil fertilizing. Present review article designed to be a comprehensive source of recent literature and study on date palm. Cultivation and its applications. This article also intended to covers the recent findings in date palm seed with some interest on physical structure and chemical compositions, including their different commercial applications.
Abstract: Date palm (phoenix dactylifera), that's commonly founds within the center east countries inclusive of the Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the us (California) that play a large role within the your budget and the environmental situations in the ones regions. The primary motive of planting dates is its fruits, which is ate up as fresh, dried or the pro...
Show More
-
Evaluation of Suitable Germination Media and Germination Test Procedure for Shallot (Allium cepa L. aggregatum) Seed
Bekele Gemechu,
Aderawu Turuaynet
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
111-116
Received:
27 June 2022
Accepted:
8 August 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.20
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in two phases with the objectives of to identify the best germination media to conduct proper germination and to optimize germination test procedure for shallot seed. In the first phase the experiment consisted of 6 treatments of three germination media (Top of paper, Between paper and sand) and two shallot varieties (DZSHT-91-2B and DZSHT-157-1B). The second experiment consisted of 27 treatments as three water application times (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hour), three germination papers (filter paper, grade paper and kitchen paper), and three amount of water to be applied (2.5ml, 5ml and 7.5ml of distilled water). The treatments were arranged in both phases in factorial combination with complete randomized design (CRD) in four replications. The analysis of variance showed significant variation for shallot seed germination on different germination media. The highest mean values were obtained on DZSHT-91-2B on Top of Paper (86%) and the lowest mean value was recorded for DZSHT-157-1B on sand (60.5%). In addition highest mean value of speed of germination was obtained from top of Paper (7.9), and the lowest mean value was observed from shallot seed sown in between Paper (4.5). Therefore top of paper is the best germination media as compared to sand and in between paper to have the maximum germination for shallot seed. With regard to optimization of germination test procedure as both the main effect and the interaction effect of the seed physiological quality parameters indicated that the highest mean values were recorded when shallot seed was planted on Kitchen paper with 5ml water application once for twenty four hour for three times during the whole germination period.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the laboratory at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in two phases with the objectives of to identify the best germination media to conduct proper germination and to optimize germination test procedure for shallot seed. In the first phase the experiment consisted of 6 treatments of three germination media (Top o...
Show More
-
Jurisdiction of Courts on the Right to Water in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
117-124
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
12 August 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.21
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The law of a country establishes legally enforceable rights, duties to respect those rights, and means of redressing violations of rights. One means of redressing such violations of rights is through a court of law. International Human Rights Instruments and National Constitutions of some countries have adopted the human right to water. This makes the right to water remedial in a court of law. In Ethiopia laws and policies have been enacted for the realization of access to clean water. However, the issue of whether Ethiopian Courts can interpret and enforce the right to water is unknown. This makes the current extent and scope of jurisdiction of Ethiopian Courts concerning water cases to be vague. The aim of this paper is the legal analysis of whether Ethiopian Courts have jurisdiction to interpret and enforce the right to water. To do this, a doctrinal methodology that employed primary and secondary sources of data has been used. For greater insight and judicial practicability of the right, the experience of some countries on the issue has also been analyzed. The paper argues that Ethiopian courts can and should interpret and apply the human rights to water as a basis for the right to life. Amongst others, in this paper, the writer recommends explicitly incorporating the human right to water into Ethiopian water laws and developing the required administrative and competent judicial organs to strengthen recognition and interpretation of the right.
Abstract: The law of a country establishes legally enforceable rights, duties to respect those rights, and means of redressing violations of rights. One means of redressing such violations of rights is through a court of law. International Human Rights Instruments and National Constitutions of some countries have adopted the human right to water. This makes ...
Show More
-
Adaptable Genetic Algorithm Path Planning of Mobile Robots Based on Gene Reallocating
Faten Abushmmala,
Iyad Abuhadrous
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
125-131
Received:
31 August 2022
Accepted:
19 September 2022
Published:
29 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.22
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Mobile path planning is rich field of employing artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to obtain the most effective outcomes. The Path planning task is a problem. The goal of path design is to find the quickest and most obstacle-free route from a starting point to a destination state. A set of states (position and orientation) or waypoints can make up the path. A map of the surroundings, as well as the start and target states, are needed for path planning. Path planning applications are diverse and unlimited, such as Automated robot navigation, autonomous vehicle Robotic surgery, digital animation of characters, and others. Different algorithms provide different solutions to this problem; usually the metric used to evaluate certain path effectiveness doesn’t take into consideration the physical attributes of the mobile robot. In this paper, an attempt is made to find the best path in terms of distance and smoothness (minim number of rotations); the smoothness means decreasing power consumption since the rotations take a lot of power to be executed. A traditional genetic algorithm is used to find the best path, and then modification is used to improve the path's characteristics. The experimental results obtained using MATLAB Simulator indicate that the enhanced approach applied in the genetic algorithm provides much better outcomes, the path edges are minimized along with the path length.
Abstract: Mobile path planning is rich field of employing artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to obtain the most effective outcomes. The Path planning task is a problem. The goal of path design is to find the quickest and most obstacle-free route from a starting point to a destination state. A set of states (position and orientation) or w...
Show More
-
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Accelerate Sustainable Development for the Planet
Abeer Mohamed Abd El Razek Youssef
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
132-139
Received:
14 August 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
29 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.23
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Because digital transformation is one of the main pillars to achieve the Egypt's Vision 2030, we seek to harness technologies and artificial intelligence to serve all different sectors, enable digital transformation in Egypt, and achieve many national digital achievements through a digital perspective that reflects our next vision. Artificial intelligence plays a key role in making radical progress in various sectors and keeping pace with the progress and development of the world. Artificial intelligence works by combining large amounts of data and intelligent algorithms, allowing the program to automatically learn from patterns. Artificial intelligence is a broad field of study encompassing many theories, methods, and techniques, as well as subfields such as machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and others. Artificial intelligence has the ability to accelerate global efforts to protect the environment and conserve resources, as it has the great capabilities inherent in collecting and analyzing data to help combat climate change, as machine learning can be used to improve energy generation methods, and regulate the process of demand for it, with a focus on the use of renewable energy, In addition to deploying sensors and smart meters inside buildings to collect data, monitor and analyze and improve energy use inside buildings. The use of artificial intelligence to preserve environmental diversity, where artificial intelligence connected to satellites can detect changes in land use, monitor vegetation cover, predict natural disasters, monitor, and analyze their effects, and can monitor alien (invasive) species of organisms that may threaten a specific environmental area such as Environmental reserves, identification, tracking, and elimination using machine learning.
Abstract: Because digital transformation is one of the main pillars to achieve the Egypt's Vision 2030, we seek to harness technologies and artificial intelligence to serve all different sectors, enable digital transformation in Egypt, and achieve many national digital achievements through a digital perspective that reflects our next vision. Artificial intel...
Show More
-
Detecting of Multicollinearity, Autocorrelation and Heteroscedasticity in Regression Analysis
Abeer Mohamed Abd El Razek Youssef
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
140-152
Received:
15 August 2022
Accepted:
1 September 2022
Published:
29 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20220303.24
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: When we rely on the general linear regression model to represent the data, we use the ordinary least squares method to estimate the parameters of this model. This method, when applied, depends on the fulfillment of certain basic assumptions and conditions so that there is an accuracy in estimating the parameters of the regression model, and in many practical applications this hypothesis cannot be achieved, which makes the method of least squares ineffective in giving correct and accurate results, and this leads to falling into econometric problems. The estimated parameters lose the property of credibility, unbiased and make them not have the lowest possible variance and not expressive of the original theory. Most econometric models suffer from the problems of autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. This paper presents a brief on these problems, their causes, how can be detected, tested, and minimized. The OLS method is based on several assumptions, and if these assumptions are fulfilled, we obtain unbiased, consistent, and efficient estimates (less variance compared to other methods). We discuss these problems as follows: First: the problem of multicollinearity Second: The problem of autocorrelation Third: Variation Heteroscedasticity. This article presents inference for many commonly used estimators - Variance Inflation Factors, Coefficient covariance matrix, Correlogram of Residuals, Normality Test for Residuals. Serial correlation LM test, Heteroskedasticity Test: Harvey, Actual and Estimated Residuals.
Abstract: When we rely on the general linear regression model to represent the data, we use the ordinary least squares method to estimate the parameters of this model. This method, when applied, depends on the fulfillment of certain basic assumptions and conditions so that there is an accuracy in estimating the parameters of the regression model, and in many...
Show More
