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Phytochemical Constituents of Three Species of Marine Macro- Algae from Sitio Usadda, Pangutaran, Sulu, Philippines
Maribelle Tambihul Hanani
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
97-101
Received:
24 May 2021
Accepted:
21 June 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Seaweeds are a rich source of highly potential bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. To date, many chemically unique compounds of marine origin with various biological activities have been isolated and some of them are under investigation and to develop new pharmaceuticals. The phytochemical screening will be limited to the determination of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids using two organic solvents such as ethanol and methanol. The result of the phytochemical test proves that there is a difference in the capacity of different solvents to extract active compounds. In methanol extracts tannins and terpenoids are present in Ulva reticulate in moderate amount. Terpenoids are slightly present in Sargassum cristaefolium and terpenoids and saponins are slightly present in Halymenia durvillei. In methanol extracts Ulva reticulata contains coumarins and saponins in moderate amount and terpenoids is only slightly present. Also, the methanol extract of Sargassum cristaefolium and Halymenia durvillei, contain terpenoids in moderate amount. It can be deduced from the screening test that terpenoids is the dominant constituents present in the three algal samples. Both ethanol and methanol seaweed extracts showed that alkaloids, flavonoids and xanthoprotein were absent in the three seaweed extracts of U. reticulata, S. cristaefolium and H. durvillei. An absence of alkaloid in U. reticulata in present study is due to effect of the geographical location and seasons of collection. Differences can be attributed to solubility of active component in different solvents used. Methods of extraction were possible sources of variation for chemical composition and extracted for bioactivity reaction. Indeed, there is no doubt that more terpenoids identified from marine algae will become available and will be used in food industry and will be utilized as source of natural antioxidant and clinical drugs that will play a significant role in human disease treatment in the future.
Abstract: Seaweeds are a rich source of highly potential bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. To date, many chemically unique compounds of marine origin with various biological activities have been isolated and some of them are under investigation and to develop new pharmaceuticals. The phytochemical screening will be limited to the determinat...
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Study of the Mobility of Some Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) of Certain Lowlands of the City of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)
Yapi Yapo Hermann Arsitide,
Gouli Bi Irié Marc,
Kouyaté Amadou,
Diby Brou,
Dongui Bini Kouamé,
Trokourey Albert
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
102-108
Received:
23 June 2021
Accepted:
21 July 2021
Published:
5 August 2021
Abstract: Metallic Trace Elements (ETM) are naturally transported to the shallows by runoff. As the lowlands are exploited for market gardening, ETM can be found in the products of these crops and present risks of contamination for the populations. It is with this in mind that we decided to study the mobility of metallic trace elements in the soils of the market garden lowlands of the city of Daloa. To achieve this goal, nine (9) soil samples were taken from 3 sites at different depths (0 - 15 cm, 15 to 30 cm and more than 30 cm). The determination of the water pH and of the organic fraction of the sediments were carried out according to ISO 10390 and NF ISO 10694 standards respectively. The ETM contents were obtained by an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The results obtained showed that the majority of the sediments studied are acidic. In addition, they contain a more or less large organic fraction of between 10 and 50%. In addition, our studies demonstrated a mobility of certain ETMs, in particular As, Cr, Hg and Zn, depending on the different sediment profiles studied. Also, Cd, Cr, Mg, Ni, Pb are linked to organic matter and to the clay fraction of the sediments. However, their mobility would be influenced by pH.
Abstract: Metallic Trace Elements (ETM) are naturally transported to the shallows by runoff. As the lowlands are exploited for market gardening, ETM can be found in the products of these crops and present risks of contamination for the populations. It is with this in mind that we decided to study the mobility of metallic trace elements in the soils of the ma...
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Effects of Cassava Leaves Detoxification Processes on the Physicochemical and Sensory Qualities of Saka Saka
Bertin Mikolo,
Aristide Herlyn Wilfrid Nakavoua,
Célestine Kiminou Nkounga
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
109-113
Received:
19 July 2021
Accepted:
27 July 2021
Published:
5 August 2021
Abstract: Cassava is a worldwide major source of food and energy, particularly in the countries of South America, Africa, and Asia. In Central Africa, saka saka is a major cassava leaf based dish. Because of their high toxicity due to cyanogen they contain, cassava leaves are diversely treated to prevent consumer intoxication. This work consisted in evaluating the main and interaction effects of three detoxification processes, washing, drying and bicarbonate treatment, on the quality of saka saka. For this purpose, the detoxification of the cassava leaves was performed following a complete factorial design of experiment. The treated material was used to prepare the saka saka dish which some physicochemical and sensual quality characteristics have been evaluated. The results have been treated by Analysis of Variance at 5% significance level. The results showed that the bicarbonate treatment is the most efficient method to reduce the cyanogen content in the cassava leaves. All the three factors and their combinations have significant effects on the leaf pH, lipids, ash and cyanide content and saka saka odor, color and taste. The combination of washing and drying is the most interesting as it is efficient, produces the most enjoyed dish and doesn’t use chemical that can induce adverse effects to consumer.
Abstract: Cassava is a worldwide major source of food and energy, particularly in the countries of South America, Africa, and Asia. In Central Africa, saka saka is a major cassava leaf based dish. Because of their high toxicity due to cyanogen they contain, cassava leaves are diversely treated to prevent consumer intoxication. This work consisted in evaluati...
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Assessment of the Health Risks Associated with the Ingestion of Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Hg) in Vegetable Crops in the City of Daloa (Ivory Coast)
Yapi Yapo Hermann Aristide,
Akesse Djamatche Paul Valery,
Koffi Akissi Lydie Chantal,
Dibi Brou,
Dongui Bini Kouame
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
114-122
Received:
14 June 2021
Accepted:
30 June 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: In order to assess the health risks associated with the ingestion of heavy metals or trace metal elements (TME) contained in foodstuffs from market garden crops, we sampled the tomato, cabbage, onion and leaves of 'onions and lettuce grown in the lowlands of the town of Daloa. The concentrations of ETM contained in these market garden products were determined by an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) using three methods such as the flame method (Zn), the oven method (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni) and the hydride (Hg) method. The results obtained showed that the heavy metals studied are present in fruits and vegetables with the most important Zn, Cr and Ni contents. However, metals such as arsenic, mercury and zinc present a concentration higher than that of the standard in force for the foodstuffs studied. Thus, the consumption of market garden products from cultivated soils in the areas studied could present dangers for the exposed population. Indeed, the study of the health risks associated with the ingestion of these vegetables has shown that for arsenic and zinc the determined Danger Quotient are all greater than 1. Which means that these vegetable crops present risks. related to the ingestion of zinc and arsenic. this means that the exposed population is theoretically out of danger. The values obtained from the Health Impact (SI) are all less than 1 for the population surveyed. On the other hand, for the estimated population of the city of Daloa we observe an IS> 1.
Abstract: In order to assess the health risks associated with the ingestion of heavy metals or trace metal elements (TME) contained in foodstuffs from market garden crops, we sampled the tomato, cabbage, onion and leaves of 'onions and lettuce grown in the lowlands of the town of Daloa. The concentrations of ETM contained in these market garden products were...
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