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Genetic Evaluation and Phenotypic Trend for Some Lactation Traits of Dromedary Camels
Mohamed Ibrahim Shehab El-Din,
Ahmed Mousa Amer,
Amal Abdel-Kareem Othman,
Mona Mohamed Sobhy,
Mohammed Atef Kamal El-den
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
119-125
Received:
25 June 2022
Accepted:
25 July 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.11
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Abstract: There is a paucity of published work on genetic evaluation of lactation traits in camels using modern methodologies such as MTDFREML (Maximum Likelihood Restricted by Multiple Trait Derivatives Free of Maximum). The current study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters (direct heritability, repeatability and breeding values), and to estimate the phenotypic trend. The studies were including total milk yield (TMY/kg), day milk yield (DMY/ kg) and length of lactation period (LP). Actual means of TMY, DMY and LP were 1464.90 kg, 4.00 and 418.84, respectively. LP was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the year and season of calving. Additive heritability (h2a) estimates for TMY, DMY and LP was 0.25, 0.30 and 0.17, respectively. These are promising values for the potential of genetic improvement. Repeatability (t) values recorded a medium value for LP (0.19), while the values were high for both TMY (0.36) and DMY (0.43). The range of predicted breeding values (PBVs) of animals for TMY, DMY and LP were 143.07 kg, 1.5 kg and 113.9 days, respectively. Regression coefficients for she-camels showed a negative annual phenotypic trend (PT) of about -3.58 kg and -0.012 kg per year for TMY and DMY, respectively. A genetic improvement program should be followed to allow exploiting the higher estimates of genetic parameters by relying on animals with positive breeding values.
Abstract: There is a paucity of published work on genetic evaluation of lactation traits in camels using modern methodologies such as MTDFREML (Maximum Likelihood Restricted by Multiple Trait Derivatives Free of Maximum). The current study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters (direct heritability, repeatability and breeding values), and to estimate the p...
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Expounding Cow Postpartum Disease from the Perspective of Chinese Veterinary Medicine
Haosheng Huang,
Qiong Yang,
Cuili Liu,
Guangtian Li
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
126-130
Received:
27 April 2022
Accepted:
23 May 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.12
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Abstract: Among the diseases of dairy cows, postpartum diseases account for a high proportion and have the characteristics of high morbidity, causing great harm to dairy farming. Through a large number of clinical diagnosis cases, consulting the treatment methods of fellow veterinarians and summing up my clinical medication experience, we comprehensively adopted the Chinese veterinary method to solve the postpartum disease encountered in the dairy cattle breeding process. The diagnosis means are through four diagnostic methods: "looking, smelling, asking and cutting", and through the combination of Chinese veterinary prescriptions, then treat according to syndrome differentiation, strengthen the right and eliminate the evil, and harmonize yin and yang, the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, the perfusion of sick cattle, the Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and removing stasis, and removing corruption, pus, and the observation after medication, have achieved good effects, especially in cases caused by fetal coat stasis, abortion, stillbirth and other symptoms. This article summarized the types (postpartum fever, blood halo, blood deficiency, sweating, postpartum lochia, postpartum wind, postpartum paralysis), etiology, clinical symptoms, TCM treatment principles and prescriptions of postpartum diseases from the point of view of middle veterinarians, After treatment, have a large number of cows with postpartum diseases have recovered.
Abstract: Among the diseases of dairy cows, postpartum diseases account for a high proportion and have the characteristics of high morbidity, causing great harm to dairy farming. Through a large number of clinical diagnosis cases, consulting the treatment methods of fellow veterinarians and summing up my clinical medication experience, we comprehensively ado...
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Review of the Diagnostic Method, the Importance of Public Health, and Current Status of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
131-147
Received:
29 July 2022
Accepted:
15 September 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13
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Abstract: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by several species in the genus Brucella. Reproductive losses are the most common syndrome in animals, while people may suffer from a debilitating nonspecific illness or localized involvement of various organs. Each species of Brucella tends to be associated with a specific animal host, but other species can be infected, especially when they are kept in close contact. Sheep and goats are the usual hosts for Brucella melitensis, and B. ovis primarily infects sheep. However, this organism is also reported to be common in camels and cattle in some regions with extensive small ruminant populations. B. melitensis is the most dangerous to humans. Small ruminants often acquire B. melitensis by coming into contact with organisms in vaginal discharges and birth products (placenta, fetus, and fetal fluids). Most animals are thought to become infected by ingestion and through the oronasal and conjunctival mucosa, but this organism can also be transmitted venereally and through broken skin. The genus Brucella is a non-spore-forming, facultative intracellular, non-encapsulating, gram-negative coccobacillus. Humans usually become infected by ingesting organisms or via contaminated mucous membranes (including the conjunctiva and respiratory tract) and abraded skin, consumption of unpasteurized milk and by-products, and improper handling of disposable materials. The predominant clinical signs in sheep and goats are abortions (most often during the last trimester), stillbirths, and the birth of weak offspring. Brucella ovis, which mostly affects rams and causes epididymitis and orchitis, appears to be non-pathogenic for humans. Brucellosis hinders the live animal trade and animal products internationally. Laboratorial examinations of brucellosis can be done by serological, cultural, or molecular methods. An accurate diagnosis, the culling of diseased animals and ongoing observation of herds that are brucellosis-free are necessary for the control of the disease in animals. The purpose of the review was to provide information on sheep and goat brucellosis in Ethiopia, diagnostic methods, and the importance of public health, control, and prevention concerns.
Abstract: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by several species in the genus Brucella. Reproductive losses are the most common syndrome in animals, while people may suffer from a debilitating nonspecific illness or localized involvement of various organs. Each species of Brucella tends to be associated with a specific animal host, but other s...
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Review on Recent Advance in Veterinary Vaccine
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
148-154
Received:
5 September 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
29 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.14
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Abstract: The licensed veterinary vaccine is the most cost-effective strategy for the prevention, control, and eradication of a wide variety of new and re-emerging infectious diseases in both humans and animals. This in turn leads to improvements in animal welfare, decreased antibiotic residues in food chains, being able to reduce the human susceptibility to zoonotic diseases and decreasing the production cost of food animals. There has also been a great improvement in the country's economy. Killed or live modified viral and bacterial vaccines are conventional vaccines that have been used for many centuries in the routine vaccination of production animals, companion animals, and human beings. The limitations of conventional vaccines are alleviated by novel concepts of vaccine development. Numerous novel, safer, and more effective vaccinations have been created as a result of current advancements in molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, and genetics. The development of vaccinations that provide immunity to many diseases simultaneously is one of the innovative vaccine technological improvements enabled by genetic editing. Vaccines that are designed based on genetic engineering are DNA/RNA vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, live recombinant vaccine, polynucleotide vaccine, and marker vaccine. Since they provide several advantages over conventional vaccines, these vaccines are actively being investigated against a variety of livestock and human diseases. Easy production, amount of vaccine produced, safety, immunogenicity, multivalency in a single host, ease of administration, and improved stability made the advanced vaccine more appropriate than a conventional vaccine.
Abstract: The licensed veterinary vaccine is the most cost-effective strategy for the prevention, control, and eradication of a wide variety of new and re-emerging infectious diseases in both humans and animals. This in turn leads to improvements in animal welfare, decreased antibiotic residues in food chains, being able to reduce the human susceptibility to...
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Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Major Reproductive Health Problems in Dairy Cows of Bale and West Arsi Zones, South Eastern Ethiopia
Kemal Kedir Elemo,
Kedir Abdurahiman,
Furi Bariso Jata,
Mohammed Desu Ukula
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
155-160
Received:
20 September 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
29 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.15
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Abstract: Reproductive health problems are the most common disorders which occur frequently in lactating dairy cows and can dramatically affect reproductive potential of the dairy herd. A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 with the objectives of determining prevalence of major reproductive health problems of dairy cows and possible risk factors associated in selected major milk sheds areas of Bale and West Arsi zones. Purposive and simple random sampling was employed to select study sites and study animals/households. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire format and from farm records where available. The result of the study showed that out of total 370 dairy cows assessed, 48.11% (178) were found to be affected either with one or more clinical reproductive health problems. The most frequently encountered reproductive health problems were anoestrus (17.42%) followed by repeat breeding (15.73%), retained fetal membrane (15.17%), mixed problems (14.04%), abortion (13.48%), clinical metritis (11.24%), dystocia (8.43%), still birth/weak calf (1.69%), vaginal prolapse (1.69%), and uterine prolapse (1.12%) was the least recorded. A Chi-square analysis revealed that prevalence of reproductive health problems was significantly associated with the hypothesized risk factors investigated such as age groups, breed, parity, origin of the cows, body condition scores, herd size, herd density and farm hygienic status (P<0.001). Moreover, culling due to reproductive disorders and access to veterinary extension services and training were the risk factors with the strong associations with occurrence of reproductive disorders (p<0.008). The current finding revealed reproductive health problems are prevalent in the study areas. There is a need to design and implement appropriate prevention and control measures in the dairy farms of the areas.
Abstract: Reproductive health problems are the most common disorders which occur frequently in lactating dairy cows and can dramatically affect reproductive potential of the dairy herd. A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 with the objectives of determining prevalence of major reproductive health problems of dairy cows and po...
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Assessment on Animal Health Surveillance Data Quality: The Case Study in Guchi Woreda, Borena Zone, Ethiopia 2022
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
161-169
Received:
9 September 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
30 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20221005.16
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Abstract: High-quality surveillance data provide valid and useful evidence for decision-making and rapid response. Data is pieces of information; it can be defined as the elements of measurements recorded during data collection. Data quality is a measure of data condition based on factors such as accuracy, completeness, reliability, and whether it’s up-to-date. There is no enough research in Ethiopia that describes the quality of animal health surveillance data reports. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analysis the animal health surveillance data of the woreda and to comment on identified problem. Retrospective case study was conducted in Guchi woreda of Borena zone, Oromia regional state. The district 2021 DOVAR report format was examined for timeliness, correctness, and completeness. To ascertain the reporting rates and quality issues, Microsoft Excel was employed. Using previously created structured interview questions, the woreda's overall data quality and associated problems were evaluated. Based on this study's evaluation of the DOVAR report, 77% of outbreaks were reported in the district last year; the remaining 22.2% of reports were zero reports. Nine reports were examined, and 66.6 % were inaccurate, while 44.4% had a timeliness issue. On the other hand, there is a problem with completeness in 77.7% of the reports. The surveillance data of the woreda have the problem of accuracy, completeness and timeliness. The woreda's goals for gathering surveillance data are well known. However, due to the high data quality issues in their DOVARs, the woreda should establish clear objectives for the data that is required, create a plan for the best way to collect the data, use standardized formats to capture the necessary data, train staff on how to collect accurate and reliable data, and store and retain data.
Abstract: High-quality surveillance data provide valid and useful evidence for decision-making and rapid response. Data is pieces of information; it can be defined as the elements of measurements recorded during data collection. Data quality is a measure of data condition based on factors such as accuracy, completeness, reliability, and whether it’s up-to-da...
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