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What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash
Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira,
Icaro Putinhon Caruso,
Marcelo Andres Fossey,
Walnei Fernandes Barbosa,
Fatima Pereira De Souza
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-7
Received:
17 November 2020
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: Non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by an excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid without alcohol consumption. Both endurance and strength exercise have shown to be beneficial in NAFLD. PubMed database has been searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18, rats and mice that have investigated the effects of at least 4 weeks of exercise only or combination with diet on NAFLD from 2014 to 2019. The review selected have been those in which exercise was clearly described by type, duration, intensity, and frequency, and that the NAFLD diagnosis, as well as the outcome measures, were confirmed through, at least, one of the following methods: biopsy, anthropometric measures, blood testing, ultrasonography imaging, biochemical analysis and Image Resonance Magnetic (MRI). Lifestyle has shown to greatly influence human behavior and health, however, a major factor impacting studies results is the difficulty in controlling people`s compliance with a healthier lifestyle, unlike animals that are forced to exercise over time, frequency and intensity, according to the researchers` wish. Therefore, animal studies have shown better results of the effect of exercise on the disease. However, both human and animal studies have reached a positive change in the following parameters: weight, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin and ALT and AST levels. Physical exercise improves non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD), however, an optimum approach is still unclear. A regular and long-term systematic practice of exercise leads to better general health, body weight control, and life quality improvement.
Abstract: Non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by an excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid without alcohol consumption. Both endurance and strength exercise have shown to be beneficial in NAFLD. PubMed database has been searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18, rats and mice t...
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Network Centrality and Core-periphery Analysis to Clarify the Tactics for Try in Rugby World Cup 2019
Koh Sasaki,
Takumi Yamamoto,
Ichiro Watanabe,
Mitsuyuki Nakayama,
Kensuke Iwabuchi,
Takashi Katsuta,
Ichiro Kono
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
8-16
Received:
7 January 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
28 January 2021
Abstract: After the first World Cup 1987, rugby undergoes rule revisions aimed at more dynamic games. There have been some analyses of the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) so far, but not many ones as detailed dynamic network structure of tactics concerned with selected attack and defense areas, plays, and human resources. In current study, the tactics for try in Rugby World Cup 2019 was investigated by network centrality, core-periphery analysis and correspondence analysis. Bootstrap test and ROC analysis were used to validate the data of try contribution structure. The average score of try balance of final 8 teams was “3.94” and that of “not win” teams was “-2.23”. We categorized these indices into team performance, and tested Monte Carlo methods with bootstrap hypothesis testing to assess the standardized values. Furthermore, to test the precision of sensitivity and specificity of standardized try balance values, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the receiver–operator curve (ROC) analysis was executed. In final 8 stage, the feature of tactics for try in first 20 minutes and last 20 minutes were analyzed. The results suggested the tactics of “attack channel diversity” in first 20 minutes and tactics of “defense and substitute diversity” in last 20 minutes. In addition, network correspondence analysis of the top 4 teams’ performance in the tournament yielded interesting results regarding tactics of the attack and defense methods, and of the transition of human resources.
Abstract: After the first World Cup 1987, rugby undergoes rule revisions aimed at more dynamic games. There have been some analyses of the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) so far, but not many ones as detailed dynamic network structure of tactics concerned with selected attack and defense areas, plays, and human resources. In current study, the tactics for ...
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Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model
Ken-ichi Watanabe,
Katsunori Fujii,
Keiko Abe,
Yuki Kani,
Kan-ichi Mimura
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
17-26
Received:
17 February 2021
Accepted:
2 March 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.
Abstract: For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented ...
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Lower Limb Differences and the Center of Pressure Control Test with Visual Feedback for Junior Soccer Players
Haruka Kawabata,
Takaaki Miyake,
Izumi Yoshi,
Yutaro Kudo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
27-31
Received:
17 March 2021
Accepted:
2 April 2021
Published:
16 April 2021
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the COP (center of foot pressure) control ability of junior soccer players between the kicking foot and the supporting foot using the COP control test. The participants were 40 junior soccer players (133.6±5.4 cm, 28.8±3.4 kg, 9.1±0.6 years old, soccer history: 3.8±1.3 years) belonging to a local soccer team. The COP control test was carried out using the COP trajectory measuring instrument T.K.K5810 and COP adjustment software 1.1.0 (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) to examine the lower right and left lower limb differences in the COP control ability. Of the 40 participants, 35 who kicked the ball with their right foot according to the questionnaire took part in the COP control test. The target-tracking COP control test tracks the target that moves regularly on the monitor with the COP and measures the total error over time. Each participant randomly practiced one standing position on both feet and one standing position (kicking foot and supporting foot), took a 30-second break between trials, and then performed two trials. The evaluation variable was total COP errors made in 30 s with the moving target. Of the two trials, for each player, the data with the best record were included for analysis. The mean COP control test scores when standing on one leg were 602.8±163.2 cm for the kicking leg and 561.6±159.1 cm for the supporting leg. The COP control test score with both feet standing was 487.0±146.2 cm. The scores of one-foot standing (kicking foot and supporting foot) were significantly higher than those for participants standing on both feet (p < 0.05), and many participants had better scores for their supporting foot than their kicking foot. However, there was no significant difference in the mean value of the kicking foot and the supporting foot and of the symmetry index, the effect size was also small. The results indicate that the COP control ability of junior soccer players does not differ between their kicking foot and their supporting foot.
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the COP (center of foot pressure) control ability of junior soccer players between the kicking foot and the supporting foot using the COP control test. The participants were 40 junior soccer players (133.6±5.4 cm, 28.8±3.4 kg, 9.1±0.6 years old, soccer history: 3.8±1.3 years) belonging to a local soccer team. The COP con...
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