| Peer-Reviewed

The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance

Received: 27 May 2021     Accepted: 28 June 2021     Published: 21 January 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Traffic road accidents are a concern for every elected government since it affects the socio and economic well-being of a country. Kenya has experienced high number of road accidents claiming more than three thousands lives every year. The cause of traffic road accidents is usually blamed on the drivers, pedestrians, lack of adequate enforcement of traffic laws, quality of roads among other reasons. The government has tried to address this road carnage by coming up with road safety measures and improvement of road infrastructure. In this paper Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) has been used to study the effect of pavement damage on number of accidents and on time spent on roads. By considering two dependent variables (the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads) and two factors (damage on pavement and type of vehicle), a 2×3 design with 4 replications, for a total of 24 observation vectors has been developed. Significance tests involving the individual dependent variables have been carried out. Using the sampled data from Nairobi, it has been determined that type of vehicle has a significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads. It is also determined that damage of pavements does not have significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads.

Published in International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11
Page(s) 1-12
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Dependent Variables, Factors, Replications, Damage of Pavements

References
[1] Khayesi, M. & Nafukho, F. M. (2016). Informal Public Transport in Practice: Matatu Entrepreneurship. Routledge.
[2] Asingo, P. O. & Mitullah, W. V. (2007). Implementing roadtransport safetymeasuresinkenya: policyissues and challenges.
[3] Kopits, E. & Cropper, M. (2003). Traffic fatalities and economic growth. The World Bank.
[4] Quilloy, G. M. K. (2012). International association of traffic and safety sciences. Review and Reports, 49.
[5] Gokulakrishnan, P. & Ganeshkumar, P. (2015). Road accident prevention with instant emergency warning message dissemination in vehicular ad-hoc network. PloS one, 10 (12), e0143383.
[6] Ono, N., Balani, D. H., & Kronenberg, H. M. (2019). Stem and progenitor cells in skeletal development. Current topics in developmental biology, 133, 1.
[7] Toryila, T. M. (2018). The effects of poor drainage system on road pavement. International Journal For Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field.
[8] Taylor, B. (2002). Rethinking traffic congestion, access (the magazine of the university of california transportation center) 21 (fall), 8-16.
[9] Ono, N., Balani, D. H., & Kronenberg, H. M. (2019). Stem and progenitor cells in skeletal development. Current topics in developmental biology, 133, 1.
[10] Muchene (2012). Factors influencing the adoption of electronic health records in public health facilities in kisumu county, kenya. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing, 4 (1), 74-101.
[11] Odero, W., Khayesi, M., & Heda, P. (2003). Road traffic injuries in kenya: magnitude, causes and status of intervention. Injury control and safety promotion, 10 (1- 2), 53¨C61.
[12] Alkheder, S. A., Sabouni, R., El Naggar, H., & Sabouni, A. R. (2013). Driver and vehicle type parameters’ contribution to traffic safety in uae. Journal of Transport Literature, 7 (2), 403-430.
[13] Traffic & Sciences, S. (2007). International association of traffic and safety sciences. Review and Reports, 49.
[14] Bhatnagar, P., Wickramasinghe, K., Williams, J., Rayner, M., & Townsend, N. (2014). The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the uk 2014. Heart, 101 (15), 1182-1189.
[15] Hill, J. & Brown, N. (2006). Understanding ptw risk components within an international 45 road assessment programme. InInternationalMotorcycleConference, 6th, 2006, Essen, Germany, number 12.
[16] Manyara, J., Kiffner, C., Zink, E., & Sawdy, M. (2013). Elephant (loxodonta africana) demography and behaviour in the tarangire-manyara ecosystem, tanzania. South African Journal of Wildlife Research-24-month delayed open access, 43 (1), 44-51.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Angelina Auma Abuodha Oyoo, Moses Wakoli Wamalwa, Pius Nderitu Kihara. (2022). The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Angelina Auma Abuodha Oyoo; Moses Wakoli Wamalwa; Pius Nderitu Kihara. The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Int. J. Transp. Eng. Technol. 2022, 8(1), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Angelina Auma Abuodha Oyoo, Moses Wakoli Wamalwa, Pius Nderitu Kihara. The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Int J Transp Eng Technol. 2022;8(1):1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11,
      author = {Angelina Auma Abuodha Oyoo and Moses Wakoli Wamalwa and Pius Nderitu Kihara},
      title = {The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance},
      journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-12},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtet.20220801.11},
      abstract = {Traffic road accidents are a concern for every elected government since it affects the socio and economic well-being of a country. Kenya has experienced high number of road accidents claiming more than three thousands lives every year. The cause of traffic road accidents is usually blamed on the drivers, pedestrians, lack of adequate enforcement of traffic laws, quality of roads among other reasons. The government has tried to address this road carnage by coming up with road safety measures and improvement of road infrastructure. In this paper Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) has been used to study the effect of pavement damage on number of accidents and on time spent on roads. By considering two dependent variables (the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads) and two factors (damage on pavement and type of vehicle), a 2×3 design with 4 replications, for a total of 24 observation vectors has been developed. Significance tests involving the individual dependent variables have been carried out. Using the sampled data from Nairobi, it has been determined that type of vehicle has a significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads. It is also determined that damage of pavements does not have significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance
    AU  - Angelina Auma Abuodha Oyoo
    AU  - Moses Wakoli Wamalwa
    AU  - Pius Nderitu Kihara
    Y1  - 2022/01/21
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11
    T2  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
    JF  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
    JO  - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 12
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1751
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20220801.11
    AB  - Traffic road accidents are a concern for every elected government since it affects the socio and economic well-being of a country. Kenya has experienced high number of road accidents claiming more than three thousands lives every year. The cause of traffic road accidents is usually blamed on the drivers, pedestrians, lack of adequate enforcement of traffic laws, quality of roads among other reasons. The government has tried to address this road carnage by coming up with road safety measures and improvement of road infrastructure. In this paper Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) has been used to study the effect of pavement damage on number of accidents and on time spent on roads. By considering two dependent variables (the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads) and two factors (damage on pavement and type of vehicle), a 2×3 design with 4 replications, for a total of 24 observation vectors has been developed. Significance tests involving the individual dependent variables have been carried out. Using the sampled data from Nairobi, it has been determined that type of vehicle has a significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads. It is also determined that damage of pavements does not have significant effect on the number of accidents and traffic congestion on roads.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of School of Mathematics and Actuarial, University of Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of School of Mathematics and Actuarial, University of Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of School of Mathematics and Actuarial, University of Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Sections