| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production

Received: 18 September 2018     Accepted: 30 September 2018     Published: 1 November 2018
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Studies were conducted on the biodigestion of cow-dung into organic fertilizer with the aim of determining the effect of process parameters on the quality of the product. The Hydrogen ion index (pH) was varied from 3.5 to 7.0 whereas the microbe: substrate (M/S) ratio was varied from 1.33 to 4.5g/kg and biodigestion time from 3 to 24hrs. The fertilizer produced was characterized by the NPK content and the production index (PI). The extent of biodigestion as indicated by the PI value, varied with the pH, ranging from 0.068 to 0.109 for pH between 3.5 to 7.0. Hydrogen ion index (pH) range of 3.5-4.0 at the temperature of 350°C, using native microbial flora were discovered to be most favorable to the biodigestion process, with PI 0.109 to 0.12. It was also discovered that the use of mixed culture (native microbe plus cultured saccharomyces cerevisiea further enhanced the result. A maximum microbe-substrate ratio of 4.5g/kg and a minimum of 2.67g/kg on mass basis were recommended. Within a bioconversion period of nine hours (9hrs), a product with N. P. K values of 2.9; 0.016, and 1.55 was obtained representing an increase in fertilizer value by 61.1% and 78.5% in Nitrogen (N) and potassium nutrient compositions respectively within the period. The fertilizer has an acceptable odour when dried and readily available to plant on application. It was also observed that the biodigestion process generated an exceeding quantity of biogas which can be trapped and upgraded for other domestic and industrial applications.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14
Page(s) 99-106
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodigestion, Fertilizer, Sustainability, Ozone

References
[1] Abukaka, B. S. U. I and Ismail N.(2012), Anaerobic digestion of Cow dung forbiogas Production, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences7(2). 169-172.
[2] Adeniran, A. K, Ahaneku, I. E, Itodo, I. N and Rohjy, H. A (2014). Relativeeffectiveness of biogas production using Poultry waste and cow dung; AgricEng Int. CIGR Journal, 16(1), 126-132
[3] Andriess, J. P and Schellaas, R. M. (1987). A Monitoring study of nutrients cycles insoils used for shifting cultivation under various climatic conditions intropical Asia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 19, 285-332.
[4] Anikulapo J and Koleade O. (1995) “Strategies on house Hold waste Management”; Goethe inst. Lagos (Pp 10 93).
[5] Coomer J. C (1981) “Quest for sustainable society” pergamon press Inc. NY.
[6] Auer, A, Nathan H. VandeBurgt, Abram F., Gerald B, Owen Feuton, Markey B. K, Nelan Stephen, Karl R., Declan B, Theo De Waal, Stephen V. G, Vincent O. Flaherty Paul Whyte, AnnettaZinth (2016). Agricultural Anaerobicdigestion power plant in Ireland and Germany: Policy and Practice. Journalof Science of Food Agriculture 97(3): 719-723.
[7] Balogh E. (1978) “Review of alternative technologies of the future fuels from Biomas” Pro of Nigeria Institute of Science and Technology. 2, 106 -115.
[8] Conklin, H. C. (1961), The Study of shifting cultivation. CurrentAnthropology 2, 22-31
[9] FAO (1974), Shifting cultivation and soil conservation in Africa, Rome, FAO, SoilBulleting No. 24, Rome FAO.
[10] FAO (1979) “Agric Residues: Quantitative survey” Buttetin, Food and Agricorganization Re- United Nations- FAO.
[11] FAO (1984), Change in Shifting cultivation in Africa, FAO Forestry Paper No. 50, Rome, FAO.
[12] George, M. (2008). Rise of the anaerobic digestion. Renewable Energy Focus 9(6) 28-30.
[13] Girija D, Deepa K, Xavier F, Antony I., and P. R. Shidhi P. R, (2013). AMetagenomic approach, Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12, 372-378.
[14] Inlow D, McRae J, Ben-Basset A, (1998), Fermentation of corn starch to ethanol with genetically engineered yeast. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32(2), 227-234.
[15] Jha A. k, Barri, Q, Zhang L, Zhao B. (2012). Dry anaerobic digestion of cow dungfor Methane production: Effect of Mixing, Pak J Boil Sci, 15(23) 1111-1118.
[16] Kim H, Im Y, Ko H, Chin J, Il-Chul Kim, I, Lee H. B, andBai S (2011). RawStarch fermentation to ethanol byan industrial distiller’s yeast strain ofsaccharomyces cerevisiaeexpressing qlucoamylase and α-amlylase genes. Biotechnology letters 33(8)1643-1648.
[17] Klinkner, B. A (2014). Anaerobic digestion as a renewable energy source andwaste management Technology. What must be done for this technology torealize success in United States? UMass Law Review 9, 79.
[18] Landstrom F. O and Mehring A. L. (1939), Complete Composition of CommercialUsed Fertilizer. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 31(3), 354-361.
[19] Matu, S. U. (2017) Utilization of agro-wastes to produce bio-fertilizer, springer international publishing. Ink. Springer.com/./s50095-014-0147-8
[20] Mojovic, L., Nkikolic, S., Rakun, M. and Vikasinovic, M. (2006), Production ofbioethanol from Corn meal hydrolyzates. Fuel 85 (12-13), 1750-1755.
[21] Mountney, G. J and Gould, W. A (1988), Oractucak Food Microbiology andTechnology, A. V. I Books, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company New York, USA.
[22] Narendranath N. V and Power R. (2005), Applied EnvironmentalMicrobiology Relationship between pH and Medium dissolved solids interms of growth and metabolism of lactobacilli and SaccharomycesSerevisiae during ethanol production. Applied EnvironmentalMicrobiology 71(5), 2239-2243.
[23] Onianwa P. C (1997) “Nature of Solid wastes and The Impact of Dumping on the Environment” Presentation at a National Workshop on Rural and urban Waste Management, University of Lagos, Nigeria 5 -12.
[24] Onwudike, S. U, (2010), Effectiveness of Cow dung and mineral fertilizer on soilproperties, Nutrient uptake and yield of sweet potato (ipomeabatatas)inSouth Eastern Nigeria, Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 4(3) 148-154
[25] Ozo, O. C, Agah M. V, Ogbu K. I, Nnachi, A. U, Udu-Ibiam O. E, Agwu, M. M (2004). Biogas Production using cow dung from Abakaliki AbattoirinSouth-Eastern Nigeria International Journal of Science and Technology, Research, 3(10), 237-239.
[26] Parfitt, R. (1976), Shifting cultivation:How it effects the soil environment. Harvest 3(2), 63-67.
[27] Salam B. S., Biswas, S., Rabbi M. S. (2012), Biogas from\mesophilic AnaerobicDigestion of Cow dung using silica Gel as Catalyst, Procedia Engineering, 105, 652 – 657.
[28] Shigechi H, Koh J, Fujita Y, Matsumoto T, Bito Y, Ueda M, Satoh E, Fukuda H, KondoA (2004), Directproduction of ethanol from raw corn starch viafermentation by use of anovelsurface-engineering yeast straincodisplayingglucoamylase and α-amylase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology70(8), 5037-5040.
[29] Shigechi H, Fujita Y, Koh J, Ueda M, Fukuda H, and Kondo A (2004a), Energy-saving direct ethanol production from low-temparature-cooked corn starchusing a cell-surface engineered yeast strain co-displaying glucoamylase and α-amylase. Biochemical Engineering Journal 18(2)149-153.
[30] Tilley, N. (2005), Cow dung Fertilizer: Learn the benefits of Cow ManureCompost www.gardeningknowhow.com. 2005
[31] Ukpai, P. A, and Nnabuchi, M. N (2012), Comparative study of biogas productionfrom cow dung, cowpea and cassava peeling using 45liters biogas digester, Advances in Applied Sciences Research 3(3) 1864-1869.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Udeh Sunday, Ekumankama Ekuma Onu. (2018). Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(5), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Udeh Sunday; Ekumankama Ekuma Onu. Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6(5), 99-106. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Udeh Sunday, Ekumankama Ekuma Onu. Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production. Am J Chem Eng. 2018;6(5):99-106. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14,
      author = {Udeh Sunday and Ekumankama Ekuma Onu},
      title = {Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {5},
      pages = {99-106},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20180605.14},
      abstract = {Studies were conducted on the biodigestion of cow-dung into organic fertilizer with the aim of determining the effect of process parameters on the quality of the product. The Hydrogen ion index (pH) was varied from 3.5 to 7.0 whereas the microbe: substrate (M/S) ratio was varied from 1.33 to 4.5g/kg and biodigestion time from 3 to 24hrs. The fertilizer produced was characterized by the NPK content and the production index (PI). The extent of biodigestion as indicated by the PI value, varied with the pH, ranging from 0.068 to 0.109 for pH between 3.5 to 7.0. Hydrogen ion index (pH) range of 3.5-4.0 at the temperature of 350°C, using native microbial flora were discovered to be most favorable to the biodigestion process, with PI 0.109 to 0.12. It was also discovered that the use of mixed culture (native microbe plus cultured saccharomyces cerevisiea further enhanced the result. A maximum microbe-substrate ratio of 4.5g/kg and a minimum of 2.67g/kg on mass basis were recommended. Within a bioconversion period of nine hours (9hrs), a product with N. P. K values of 2.9; 0.016, and 1.55 was obtained representing an increase in fertilizer value by 61.1% and 78.5% in Nitrogen (N) and potassium nutrient compositions respectively within the period. The fertilizer has an acceptable odour when dried and readily available to plant on application. It was also observed that the biodigestion process generated an exceeding quantity of biogas which can be trapped and upgraded for other domestic and industrial applications.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Process Condition on the Bio-Digestion of Cow Dung for Organic Fertilizer Production
    AU  - Udeh Sunday
    AU  - Ekumankama Ekuma Onu
    Y1  - 2018/11/01
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    SP  - 99
    EP  - 106
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180605.14
    AB  - Studies were conducted on the biodigestion of cow-dung into organic fertilizer with the aim of determining the effect of process parameters on the quality of the product. The Hydrogen ion index (pH) was varied from 3.5 to 7.0 whereas the microbe: substrate (M/S) ratio was varied from 1.33 to 4.5g/kg and biodigestion time from 3 to 24hrs. The fertilizer produced was characterized by the NPK content and the production index (PI). The extent of biodigestion as indicated by the PI value, varied with the pH, ranging from 0.068 to 0.109 for pH between 3.5 to 7.0. Hydrogen ion index (pH) range of 3.5-4.0 at the temperature of 350°C, using native microbial flora were discovered to be most favorable to the biodigestion process, with PI 0.109 to 0.12. It was also discovered that the use of mixed culture (native microbe plus cultured saccharomyces cerevisiea further enhanced the result. A maximum microbe-substrate ratio of 4.5g/kg and a minimum of 2.67g/kg on mass basis were recommended. Within a bioconversion period of nine hours (9hrs), a product with N. P. K values of 2.9; 0.016, and 1.55 was obtained representing an increase in fertilizer value by 61.1% and 78.5% in Nitrogen (N) and potassium nutrient compositions respectively within the period. The fertilizer has an acceptable odour when dried and readily available to plant on application. It was also observed that the biodigestion process generated an exceeding quantity of biogas which can be trapped and upgraded for other domestic and industrial applications.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Management & Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Food Science & Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

  • Sections