Research Article
Comparative Analysis of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles as Drivers of Organizational Innovation and Ambidexterity
Sixto Ricardo Baez Monegro*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
121-133
Received:
1 July 2026
Accepted:
29 July 2026
Published:
29 September 2026
Abstract: In the contemporary post-pandemic organizational scenery, meaning rapid digital transitions alongside harsh socio technical disruptions, organizations need leadership paradigms that can, at the same time, protect operational steadiness and encourage strategic innovation. This study offers an extensive systematic literature review mixed with a meta-analytic synthesis, aimed at looking at the relative validities, structural movements, and contextual limits of transformational and transactional leadership approaches. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidance, and then we synthesized quantitative outcomes from 87 separate study sources that contained 626 correlations and involved 21,815 participants. Methodological quality in the primary literature was evaluated critically with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The quantitative pooling indicates transformational leadership has the highest overall true score validity. 44 across organizational performance outcomes, and it is followed closely by transactional contingent reward at. 39. By comparison, laissez-faire leadership shows a notable negative validity of -. 37. Also, active and passive management-by-exception turned out to be highly inconsistent, with relationships that change meaningfully depending on the context. Overall, the results give firm empirical support to the augmentation hypothesis, suggesting transformational leadership builds on a transactional baseline, rather than replacing it. The study also outlines a unifying, stage sensitive model for ambidextrous leadership: transformational “opening” behaviors tend to nurture explorative innovation, whereas transactional “closing” behaviors strengthen exploitative execution. Finally, regression modeling indicates that structural constraints, such as organizational unit size and geographical setting, meaningfully forecast when constructive leadership behaviors appear versus when passive avoidant patterns show up.
Abstract: In the contemporary post-pandemic organizational scenery, meaning rapid digital transitions alongside harsh socio technical disruptions, organizations need leadership paradigms that can, at the same time, protect operational steadiness and encourage strategic innovation. This study offers an extensive systematic literature review mixed with a meta-...
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Research Article
Determinants of Urban Youth Unemployment in Bonga Town, Southwest Ethiopia: Evidence from Binary Logistic Regression
Mathiwos Kifle Wonit*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
134-145
Received:
9 July 2026
Accepted:
21 July 2026
Published:
29 September 2026
Abstract: Youth unemployment remains a major social and economic challenge in urban Ethiopia, where young people face limited job opportunities, skill mismatch, and weak labor-market support systems. This study examines the determinants of urban youth unemployment in Bonga Town, Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia, using cross-sectional data collected from 211 youth respondents and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were employed to identify the factors influencing employment status. Descriptive statistics show that majority of the youths in the town are male, unmarried, with in the age group 0f 24-26 years, and graduates of college and above. Further, the results from logistic regression show that gender, migration status, average monthly family income, education level, number of skill-improvement training attempts, social networks, skill mismatch, and job information access significantly affect youth employment status. The findings suggest that urban youth unemployment is shaped by both individual characteristics and structural labor-market constraints. Based on these results, the study recommends gender-responsive employment interventions, expanded skills training, improved access to job information, stronger social support mechanisms, and policies that reduce rural-urban migration pressure through balanced local development. These measures are essential for reducing youth unemployment and promoting inclusive urban growth in Bonga Town and similar urban settings in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Youth unemployment remains a major social and economic challenge in urban Ethiopia, where young people face limited job opportunities, skill mismatch, and weak labor-market support systems. This study examines the determinants of urban youth unemployment in Bonga Town, Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia, using cross-sectional data collected from 211 youth respon...
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