Research Article
Feeding Practices and Their Impact on Early Childhood Caries: A Comparison Between Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
41-48
Received:
2 August 2025
Accepted:
14 August 2025
Published:
30 August 2025
Abstract: Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a prevalent public health concern globally. Feeding practices, particularly breastfeeding and bottle-feeding, along with oral hygiene behaviors and caregiver knowledge, are critical factors influencing ECC risk. This study aimed to compare the impact of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding on the prevalence and severity of ECC among children under five years of age. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 105 children aged under five years at City Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2004 to June 2004. Participants were categorized into breastfed (n = 58) and bottle-fed (n = 47) groups. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, feeding and brushing practices. Results: The mean age of bottle-fed children was slightly higher than that of breastfed children, though not statistically significant. Night-time feeding and higher feeding frequency (≥5 times/day) were significantly more common in bottle-fed children (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Oral hygiene habits did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of ECC was significantly higher among bottle-fed children (61.7%) compared to breastfed children (31.0%) (p < 0.001). Gingivitis was more prevalent among breastfed children (32.7%; p = 0.017). Maternal knowledge was generally poor to average, with only 33.3% correctly identifying factors responsible for dental caries. Conclusion: Bottle-feeding is significantly associated with a higher prevalence and severity of ECC, particularly in children with frequent and night-time feeding. Oral hygiene practices were similar between groups, but maternal knowledge on dental caries prevention remains inadequate.
Abstract: Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a prevalent public health concern globally. Feeding practices, particularly breastfeeding and bottle-feeding, along with oral hygiene behaviors and caregiver knowledge, are critical factors influencing ECC risk. This study aimed to compare the impact of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding on the prevale...
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Review Article
Zygomatic Implants Literature Review and a Clinical Case Involving Bone Grafting and the Importance of the Use of Multiunit ELEMENT® Transepithelial Abutments
Iñaki Mayo Fajo*
,
Antonio Macías Lloret
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
49-57
Received:
19 September 2025
Accepted:
11 October 2025
Published:
31 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijdm.20251102.12
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Abstract: Zygomatic implants, originally designed by Dr. Branemark in 1989, are implants which could have 45 to 55 -degree heads of angulation, 4.2 or 4.5 millimeters in diameter at their widest point and measuring between 30 and even 50 or 60 millimeters in length. They are inserted from the palatal aspect of the alveolar process, following the zygomatic-alveolar crest until they are anchored in the body of the malar bone. In maxillomandibular patients, they enter directly into the body of the malar bone. These implants offer the surgeon an alternative when planning implant-supported prosthetic and rehabilitation treatment, especially in patients with severely atrophied upper jaws, where bone grafting is impossible or has previously failed. And also, a reliable and predictable option for immediate loading prosthesis, which is relevant for the comfort, confidence and aesthetics of the patient. The objective of this article is to present the surgical protocol for placing zygomatic implants and a robust review of the current literature on the clinical evolution of these implants and their different techniques. And no less important, to show the advantages, purpose and benefits of using curved and more anatomical transepithelial abutments with a multiunit platform when we need to place an immediate load and definitive full arch prosthesis.
Abstract: Zygomatic implants, originally designed by Dr. Branemark in 1989, are implants which could have 45 to 55 -degree heads of angulation, 4.2 or 4.5 millimeters in diameter at their widest point and measuring between 30 and even 50 or 60 millimeters in length. They are inserted from the palatal aspect of the alveolar process, following the zygomatic-al...
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