Research Article
Assessment of Food Products Lost Among Households in Rwanda: A Case Study of Rural and Urban Areas
Gaspard Ntabakirabose*,
Ritha Tumukunde,
Kalinda Mory Vital,
Kamabazi Eleonore,
Felicien Ndaruhutse,
David Mwehia Mburu,
Mbabazi Mbabazize
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
67-74
Received:
4 March 2025
Accepted:
17 March 2025
Published:
8 September 2025
Abstract: This study investigates food loss in rural and urban households in Rwanda, focusing on areas in the Eastern and Western Provinces for rural settings and Kigali for urban ones. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 320 households, with 160 from rural and 160 from urban areas. Data was collected through surveys and interviews, exploring household characteristics, food consumption patterns, food loss stages along the value chain, and socio-economic impacts. The analysis revealed that food loss is more prevalent in rural areas at the production, handling, and storage stages, while urban areas experience greater loss at the consumption stage. Poor storage, spoilage, and over-purchasing were identified as significant contributors to food loss. The study suggests that rural and urban households face economic challenges due to food loss, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, including improved storage infrastructure, consumer education, and better food management practices.
Abstract: This study investigates food loss in rural and urban households in Rwanda, focusing on areas in the Eastern and Western Provinces for rural settings and Kigali for urban ones. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 320 households, with 160 from rural and 160 from urban areas. Data was collected through surveys and interviews, exp...
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Research Article
Takaful and Public Auto Insurance in the Canadian Context
Alper Bilge*
,
Saim Kayadibi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
75-83
Received:
21 April 2025
Accepted:
21 July 2025
Published:
9 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ebm.20251104.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Many studies have been done on Takaful, also known as Islamic insurance within the Muslim community. Takaful is seen as the permitted alternative to the conventional insurance system which is deemed forbidden in Islamic law by many scholars due to containing elements of interest (riba), uncertainty (gharar) and gambling (maysir). But little is known about the other Islamic alternative to conventional insurance, which relies on a government or public approach and is presently being applied in Canada. Another option to the dilemma Muslims have regarding conventional insurance should be welcomed in the Muslim community, especially if shown to be better than the current alternative(s). Takaful is a non-profit fund created by a group of people to compensate for losses of anyone in the group, which happen due to certain events. From this definition, Takaful can be referred to as mutual insurance. Also, Takaful is based on contributions or donations, not premiums. Any surplus in the fund can be given back to participants. However, profit can still be generated from investments in the fund and the Takaful operator can charge fees to manage the fund. The government, whether local or national, can similarly fulfill the functions of Takaful. Conceptual research relying on secondary data will be used in this article to discuss specifically the practice of public auto insurance in Canada and whether public auto insurance is better than private auto insurance. The hope is that after this research, public insurance will not only be considered a viable alternative to private insurance but also applied in Muslim majority states to cover all kinds of insurance that individuals need, whether it be health, auto, life, long-term disability, travel, and other types.
Abstract: Many studies have been done on Takaful, also known as Islamic insurance within the Muslim community. Takaful is seen as the permitted alternative to the conventional insurance system which is deemed forbidden in Islamic law by many scholars due to containing elements of interest (riba), uncertainty (gharar) and gambling (maysir). But little is know...
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