A majority of kidney stones are calcium stones, with calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) accounting for approximately 80% of all of these stones. Especially, alkalic urine predisposes calcium phosphate to form crystals. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) patients easily lead to alkaline urine (pH>6.5) meanwhile are prone to free calcium from bone due to acidosis in vivo, and then cause osteoporosis and hypercalciuria. It is easy to form tiny calcium phosphate stones in urine since alkali status. Thus tiny crystals may clog pipes inside of the instrument during analysis for urine sample and it cannot provide the correct data to distinguish the types of renal tubular acidosis. In this paper, we use Minisart 0.20 um filter to filtrate the urine samples, to remove the crystals and then protect the machine. It can also avoid centrifugal heat which may cause evaporation of the volatile components and leads to errors of gas analysis. Results: We make an effective differential diagnosis of a recurrent renal stone patient. We also performed the sodium bicarbonate loading test kidney stone patients and finally diagnosed as Sjögren's syndrome induced secondary distal renal tubular acidosis.
| Published in | Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 2) |
| Page(s) | 9-13 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Sjögren's Syndrome, Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis, NaHCO3 Loading Test, Fractional Excretion of HCO3-(FE HCO3)
| [1] | Victoria YB and Saeed RK. How do stones form? Is unification of theories on stone formation possible? Arch Esp Urol 2017; 70 (1): 12–27. |
| [2] | Sodi R, Godber IM. Effect of refrigeration, centrifugation, acidification, heat treatment and storage on urine calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 54 (12): e379-e381. |
| [3] | Han JS, Kim GH, Kim J, et al. Secretory-defect distal renal tubular acidosis is associated with transporter defect in H+-ATPase and anion exchanger-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1425–32. |
| [4] | Evan AP. Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25 (5): 831-41. |
| [5] | Stefanski AL, Tomiak C, Pleyer U, et al. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017; 114: 354–61. |
| [6] | Both T, Hoorn EJ, Zietse R, et al. Prevalence of distal renal tubular acidosis in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54 (5): 933-9. |
| [7] | Kim S1, Lee JW, Park J, Na KY, Joo KW, Ahn C, Kim S, Lee JS, Kim GH, Kim J, Han JS. The urine-blood PCO gradient as a diagnostic index of H+-ATPase defect distal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Int 2004; 66 (2): 761-7. |
| [8] | Yaxley J, Pirrone C. Review of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Renal Tubular Acidosis. Ochsner J 2016; 16 (4): 525-530. |
| [9] | Bagga A, Bajpai A, Menon S. Approach to Renal Tubular Disorders. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2005; 72 (9):. 771–776. |
| [10] | Jha R, Muthukrishnan J, Shiradhonkar S, Patro K, Harikumar K, Modi KD. Clinical profile of distal renal tubular acidosis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011; 22 (2): 261-7. |
| [11] | Batlle D, Ba Aqeel SH, Marquez A. The Urine Anion Gap in Context. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13 (2): 195-197. |
| [12] | Raphael KL, Gilligan S, Ix JH. Urine Anion Gap to Predict Urine Ammonium and Related Outcomes in Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13 (2): 205-212. |
| [13] | Robert JU and Giovambattista C. The renal tubular acidosis. J R Soc Med 2001; 94 (5): 221–225. |
| [14] | Haque SK, Ariceta G, Batlle D. Proximal renal tubular acidosis: a not so rare disorder of multiple etiologies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 4273-87. |
| [15] | Golembiewska E, Ciechanowski K. Renal tubular acidosis--underrated problem? Acta Biochim Pol 2012; 59: 213-7. |
| [16] | Goules A, Masouridi S, Tzioufas AG, et al. Clinically significant and biopsy-documented renal involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore), 2000, 79: 241-249. |
| [17] | Comer DM, Droogan AG, Young IS, et al. Hypokalaemic paralysis precipitated by distal renal tubular acidosis secondary to Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45: 221-5. |
| [18] | Polanco NA, Soto-Abraham MV, Rodríguez-Castellanos FE. Nephrocalcinosis and distal renal tubular acidosis in Sjögren’s syndrome. Nefrologia 2013; 33 (6): 860-1. |
| [19] | Koenig M, Hacini J, Thibaudin D, et al. Distal renal tubular acidosis ten years before Sjogren's syndrome. Rev Med Interne, 2004, 25: 764-766. |
| [20] | Bridoux F, Kyndt X, Abou-Ayache R, et al. Proximal tubular dysfunction in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a clinic pathological study of 2 cases. Clin Nephrol, 2004, 61: 434-439. |
| [21] | Fulop M, Mackay M. Renal tubular acidosis, Sjögren syndrome, and bone disease. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164 (8): 905-9. |
| [22] | Yasuda K, Sasaki K, Yamato M, et al. Distal renal tubular acidosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Intern Med. 2012; 51: 675-6. |
| [23] | Kassan SS, Moutsopoulos HM. Clinical Manifestations and Early Diagnosis of Sjo¨gren Syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164 (12): 1275-84. |
| [24] | Sabatini S, Kurtzman NA. Bicarbonate Therapy in Severe Metabolic Acidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 692-5. |
| [25] | Evan AP, Lingeman J, Coe F, Shao Y, Miller N, Matlaga B, Phillips C, Sommer A, Worcester E. Renal histopathology of stone-forming patients with distal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Int 2007; 71 (8): 795-801. |
| [26] | Morris RC, Sebastian A. Alkali Therapy In Renal Tubular Acidosis: Who Needs It? J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13 (8): 2186-8. |
APA Style
Ping Liu, Miaopei Chen, Mingjie Zhang, Lijuan Lu, Chienwen Chen. (2020). A Filtration Process to Remove Crystals Out of Urine Sample for Gas Analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine, 3(2), 9-13.
ACS Style
Ping Liu; Miaopei Chen; Mingjie Zhang; Lijuan Lu; Chienwen Chen. A Filtration Process to Remove Crystals Out of Urine Sample for Gas Analysis. Asia-Pac. J. Med. 2020, 3(2), 9-13.
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10043417,
author = {Ping Liu and Miaopei Chen and Mingjie Zhang and Lijuan Lu and Chienwen Chen},
title = {A Filtration Process to Remove Crystals Out of Urine Sample for Gas Analysis},
journal = {Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {9-13},
url = {https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/10043417},
abstract = {A majority of kidney stones are calcium stones, with calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) accounting for approximately 80% of all of these stones. Especially, alkalic urine predisposes calcium phosphate to form crystals. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) patients easily lead to alkaline urine (pH>6.5) meanwhile are prone to free calcium from bone due to acidosis in vivo, and then cause osteoporosis and hypercalciuria. It is easy to form tiny calcium phosphate stones in urine since alkali status. Thus tiny crystals may clog pipes inside of the instrument during analysis for urine sample and it cannot provide the correct data to distinguish the types of renal tubular acidosis. In this paper, we use Minisart 0.20 um filter to filtrate the urine samples, to remove the crystals and then protect the machine. It can also avoid centrifugal heat which may cause evaporation of the volatile components and leads to errors of gas analysis. Results: We make an effective differential diagnosis of a recurrent renal stone patient. We also performed the sodium bicarbonate loading test kidney stone patients and finally diagnosed as Sjögren's syndrome induced secondary distal renal tubular acidosis.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - A Filtration Process to Remove Crystals Out of Urine Sample for Gas Analysis AU - Ping Liu AU - Miaopei Chen AU - Mingjie Zhang AU - Lijuan Lu AU - Chienwen Chen Y1 - 2020/06/12 PY - 2020 T2 - Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine JF - Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine JO - Asia-Pacific Journal of Medicine SP - 9 EP - 13 PB - Science Publishing Group UR - http://www.sciencepg.com/article/10043417 AB - A majority of kidney stones are calcium stones, with calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) accounting for approximately 80% of all of these stones. Especially, alkalic urine predisposes calcium phosphate to form crystals. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) patients easily lead to alkaline urine (pH>6.5) meanwhile are prone to free calcium from bone due to acidosis in vivo, and then cause osteoporosis and hypercalciuria. It is easy to form tiny calcium phosphate stones in urine since alkali status. Thus tiny crystals may clog pipes inside of the instrument during analysis for urine sample and it cannot provide the correct data to distinguish the types of renal tubular acidosis. In this paper, we use Minisart 0.20 um filter to filtrate the urine samples, to remove the crystals and then protect the machine. It can also avoid centrifugal heat which may cause evaporation of the volatile components and leads to errors of gas analysis. Results: We make an effective differential diagnosis of a recurrent renal stone patient. We also performed the sodium bicarbonate loading test kidney stone patients and finally diagnosed as Sjögren's syndrome induced secondary distal renal tubular acidosis. VL - 3 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: