Access to drinking water is a major concern in the locality of least developing countries. Population growth and the demands of modern life require an increase in water production in both quantity and quality. This study aims to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from boreholes intended for human consumption in the 2nd district of N'Djamena, Chad. The methods used to solve the problem are based on physicochemical and microbiological analyses, the Piper diagram interpretation, and multivariate statistical analysis to determine the quality and classification of the water. The results show that the water has low mineralization with a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) concentration of 141.2 ± 26.61 mg/L and an average electrical conductivity of 282.4 ± 53.58 µS/cm. And then, determination of the facies of the waters studied shows that they are of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. The highest concentrations are those of Ca2+ (38.3 ± 7.79 mg/L) and HCO3- (189.76 ± 17.36 mg/L), and the lowest are K+ (3.06 ± 0.63 mg/L) and NO3- (5.76 ±9.43 mg/L). The water contains fecal coliforms such as Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora. Due to the presence of these pathogenic germs, this water requires prior treatment before being used for human consumption.
| Published in | Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 14, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11 |
| Page(s) | 35-44 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Physicochemical, Bacteriological, Drinking Water, N'Djamena
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APA Style
Emmanuel, A. A., Ahmadou, B., Diab, D. A., Oumar, I. A., Janvier, D. K. (2025). Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Drinking Water in N'Djamena: A Case Study of the 2nd District. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 14(2), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11
ACS Style
Emmanuel, A. A.; Ahmadou, B.; Diab, D. A.; Oumar, I. A.; Janvier, D. K. Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Drinking Water in N'Djamena: A Case Study of the 2nd District. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2025, 14(2), 35-44. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11,
author = {Aguiza Abai Emmanuel and Baba Ahmadou and Diab Ahmad Diab and Ilyass Ali Oumar and Domra Kana Janvier},
title = {Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Drinking Water in N'Djamena: A Case Study of the 2nd District
},
journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {35-44},
doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20251402.11},
abstract = {Access to drinking water is a major concern in the locality of least developing countries. Population growth and the demands of modern life require an increase in water production in both quantity and quality. This study aims to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from boreholes intended for human consumption in the 2nd district of N'Djamena, Chad. The methods used to solve the problem are based on physicochemical and microbiological analyses, the Piper diagram interpretation, and multivariate statistical analysis to determine the quality and classification of the water. The results show that the water has low mineralization with a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) concentration of 141.2 ± 26.61 mg/L and an average electrical conductivity of 282.4 ± 53.58 µS/cm. And then, determination of the facies of the waters studied shows that they are of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. The highest concentrations are those of Ca2+ (38.3 ± 7.79 mg/L) and HCO3- (189.76 ± 17.36 mg/L), and the lowest are K+ (3.06 ± 0.63 mg/L) and NO3- (5.76 ±9.43 mg/L). The water contains fecal coliforms such as Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora. Due to the presence of these pathogenic germs, this water requires prior treatment before being used for human consumption.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Drinking Water in N'Djamena: A Case Study of the 2nd District AU - Aguiza Abai Emmanuel AU - Baba Ahmadou AU - Diab Ahmad Diab AU - Ilyass Ali Oumar AU - Domra Kana Janvier Y1 - 2025/03/21 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11 DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11 T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science SP - 35 EP - 44 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251402.11 AB - Access to drinking water is a major concern in the locality of least developing countries. Population growth and the demands of modern life require an increase in water production in both quantity and quality. This study aims to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from boreholes intended for human consumption in the 2nd district of N'Djamena, Chad. The methods used to solve the problem are based on physicochemical and microbiological analyses, the Piper diagram interpretation, and multivariate statistical analysis to determine the quality and classification of the water. The results show that the water has low mineralization with a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) concentration of 141.2 ± 26.61 mg/L and an average electrical conductivity of 282.4 ± 53.58 µS/cm. And then, determination of the facies of the waters studied shows that they are of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. The highest concentrations are those of Ca2+ (38.3 ± 7.79 mg/L) and HCO3- (189.76 ± 17.36 mg/L), and the lowest are K+ (3.06 ± 0.63 mg/L) and NO3- (5.76 ±9.43 mg/L). The water contains fecal coliforms such as Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora. Due to the presence of these pathogenic germs, this water requires prior treatment before being used for human consumption. VL - 14 IS - 2 ER -
Department of Industrial Security, Quality and Environment, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon
Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), Nlongkak, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Physics, Teachers Training Higher School of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
Department of Refining and Petrochemistry, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon
Department of Mining, Petroleum and Water Resources Exploration, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaele, Cameroon
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