Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO

Tayyaba Jamil

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO₂/ZnO

Tayyaba Jamil^*

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 5)

Received: 4 October 2024 Accepted: 8 November 2024 Published: 13 December 2024

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Abstract

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO₂/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O₃), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O₃), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O₃/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
Page(s)	124-135
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antibiotics, Combine, Hybrid, Pharmaceutical, Photocatalyst, Wastewater

References

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Jamil, T. (2024). Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(5), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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ACS Style

Jamil, T. Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(5), 124-135. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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Jamil T. Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(5):124-135. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12,
  author = {Tayyaba Jamil},
  title = {Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {124-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241305.12},
  abstract = {The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO

AU  - Tayyaba Jamil
Y1  - 2024/12/13
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 124
EP  - 135
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
AB  - The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.

VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Tayyaba Jamil

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-4836

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APA Style

Jamil, T. (2024). Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(5), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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ACS Style

Jamil, T. Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(5), 124-135. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

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AMA Style

Jamil T. Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(5):124-135. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12,
  author = {Tayyaba Jamil},
  title = {Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {124-135},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241305.12},
  abstract = {The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Modified Bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO

AU  - Tayyaba Jamil
Y1  - 2024/12/13
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 124
EP  - 135
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241305.12
AB  - The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.

VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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