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Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019

Received: 30 August 2023     Accepted: 25 September 2023     Published: 8 October 2023
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Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a continuing health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and its complications are more serious among children less than 5 years and pregnant women. In Côte d’Ivoire, its incidence was rising in the general population from 155‰ in 2016 to 229‰ in 2019. Universal coverage of LLIN in endemic countries still remain essential to contain malaria scourge. LLINs have been distributed gratis in different countries, in which majority of the citizens benefited by protection conferred by their usage. The issue of impregnated mosquito net use has been addressed by many authors from different angles. Public health measures are generally focused on people who do not always adhere to them. Better profiling of those who do comply with these measures and the reasons for their compliance would probably make it possible to reach a large number of the reluctant groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 in the Bouaké Nord-Est district. The study population was made up of heads of households in the Bouaké commune or their substitutes (wife(s)). We proceeded by cluster sampling. Results: Of the 930 heads of households surveyed, 78.7% were male (sex ratio=3.7). The median age of heads of household was 38, with extremes of 19 and 70. Our respondents were shopkeepers, had no formal education, and were cohabiting in 75.3%, 64% and 77.5% of cases respectively. In 72.6% and 48.6% of cases respectively, puddles and grass covered the area around the homes of those surveyed. Fever was the main sign of malaria, according to 98.3% of subjects. The condition affected all family members and could be fatal, according to 91.6% and 98.8% of heads of household surveyed respectively. All family members slept under the net in 44.4% of cases. In 98.2% of cases, the number of cases of fever in the household had fallen since the net had been used. The rainy season was the period when the net was most used, according to 96.5% of those surveyed. LLINs protected against mosquito bites and prevented malaria in 98.3% and 92.4% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Malaria will continue to be the talk of the town for a long time to come, especially in tropical zones. environmental sanitation, which is the responsibility of both communities and authorities, will reinforce the action of the LLIN.

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13
Page(s) 266-271
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

LLIN, Malaria, User, Côte d’Ivoire

References
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[2] Babalola AS, Idowu OA, Omilabu OG. Varying levels of protection against Plasmodium falciparium infection were conferred on non-users of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) sleeping in rooms where different number of LLINS were hung in hyper endemic state of West Africa. J Parasit Dis. 2021 Mar; 45 (1): 137-145. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01286-6. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 33746399; PMCID: PMC7921249.
[3] World Health Organisation: Control of residual malaria parasite transmission. Global malaria programme 2014.
[4] Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme de Côte d’Ivoire: PLAN NATIONAL DE SUIVI ET EVALUATION DE LA LUTTE CONTRE LE PALUDISME 2021-2025. 2021. 84p.
[5] WHO Global Malaria Program: World malaria report. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011 pp 30–33.
[6] Ministère de la Santé et de l’hygiène Publique. Plan national de développement sanitaire 2016-2020.
[7] Aluko JO, Oluwatosin AO. Utilization of insecticide—treated nets during pregnancy among postpartum women in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Chidbirth 2012.
[8] Brieger W. The challenge of using and misusing insecticidetreated bed nets. Africa Health 2017: 39 (6): 13–15.
[9] Institut National de la statistique de Côte d’Ivoire (INS). Résultats globaux du recensement général de la population et de l’habitat. 2021. 25 p.
[10] Klu D, Agordoh PD. Sex of household head and other household determinants of childhood anaemia among households in Ghana: regression analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey. J Health Popul Nutr. 2022 Oct 10; 41 (1): 46. doi: 10.1186/s41043-022-00327-5. PMID: 36217188; PMCID: PMC9549624.
[11] Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Kopya E, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Woromogo S, Kekeunou S, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Malaria prevention in the city of Yaoundé: knowledge and practices of urban dwellers. Malar J. 2019 May 9; 18 (1): 167. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2799-6. Erratum in: Malar J. 2019 Jun 20; 18 (1): 204. PMID: 31072344; PMCID: PMC6509831.
[12] Mora-Ruiz M, Penilla RP, Ordóñez JG, López AD, Solis F, Torres-Estrada JL, et al. Socioeconomic factors, attitudes and practices associated with malaria prevention in the coastal plain of Chiapas. Malar J 2013; 14: 2-8.
[13] Hambisa MT, Debela T, Dessie Y, Gobena T. Long lasting insecticidal net use and its associated factors in Limmu Seka District, South West Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18: 3-7.
[14] Belay M, Deressa W. Use of insecticide treated nets by pregnant women and associated factors in a predominantly rural population in northern Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health. 2008; 13: 1303-13.
[15] Ministère de la Santé Publique, Côte d’Ivoire. Programme de Lutte contre le Paludisme: Plan d’action 2018 pour la mise en œuvre accélérée de la lutte contre le Paludisme en République de Côte d’Ivoire 2018.
[16] Tassew A, Hopkins R, Deressa W. Factors influencing the ownership and utilization of long lasting insecticidal nets for malaria prevention in Ethiopia. Malar J 2017; 16: 2-9.
[17] Wanzira H, Eganyu T, Mulebeke R, Bukenya F, Echodu D, Adoke Y. Long lasting insecticidal bed nets ownership, access and use in a high malaria transmission setting before and after a mass distribution campaign in Uganda. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0191191.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Kouassi Damus Paquin, Soumahoro Sory Ibrahim, Zika Kalou Dibert, Coulibaly M’Begnan, Yeo Salifou, et al. (2023). Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019. World Journal of Public Health, 8(4), 266-271. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13

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    ACS Style

    Kouassi Damus Paquin; Soumahoro Sory Ibrahim; Zika Kalou Dibert; Coulibaly M’Begnan; Yeo Salifou, et al. Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019. World J. Public Health 2023, 8(4), 266-271. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13

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    AMA Style

    Kouassi Damus Paquin, Soumahoro Sory Ibrahim, Zika Kalou Dibert, Coulibaly M’Begnan, Yeo Salifou, et al. Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019. World J Public Health. 2023;8(4):266-271. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13,
      author = {Kouassi Damus Paquin and Soumahoro Sory Ibrahim and Zika Kalou Dibert and Coulibaly M’Begnan and Yeo Salifou and Kouame Arsene Deby and Sokodogo Awa Madaho and Oulai Anthony Sylvestre and Moumouni Amadou and Yao Gnissan Henri Auguste and Ebouat Marc-Eric and Adoubryn Koffi Daho and Tiembre Issaka I},
      title = {Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019},
      journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {266-271},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20230804.13},
      abstract = {Background: Malaria remains a continuing health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and its complications are more serious among children less than 5 years and pregnant women. In Côte d’Ivoire, its incidence was rising in the general population from 155‰ in 2016 to 229‰ in 2019. Universal coverage of LLIN in endemic countries still remain essential to contain malaria scourge. LLINs have been distributed gratis in different countries, in which majority of the citizens benefited by protection conferred by their usage. The issue of impregnated mosquito net use has been addressed by many authors from different angles. Public health measures are generally focused on people who do not always adhere to them. Better profiling of those who do comply with these measures and the reasons for their compliance would probably make it possible to reach a large number of the reluctant groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 in the Bouaké Nord-Est district. The study population was made up of heads of households in the Bouaké commune or their substitutes (wife(s)). We proceeded by cluster sampling. Results: Of the 930 heads of households surveyed, 78.7% were male (sex ratio=3.7). The median age of heads of household was 38, with extremes of 19 and 70. Our respondents were shopkeepers, had no formal education, and were cohabiting in 75.3%, 64% and 77.5% of cases respectively. In 72.6% and 48.6% of cases respectively, puddles and grass covered the area around the homes of those surveyed. Fever was the main sign of malaria, according to 98.3% of subjects. The condition affected all family members and could be fatal, according to 91.6% and 98.8% of heads of household surveyed respectively. All family members slept under the net in 44.4% of cases. In 98.2% of cases, the number of cases of fever in the household had fallen since the net had been used. The rainy season was the period when the net was most used, according to 96.5% of those surveyed. LLINs protected against mosquito bites and prevented malaria in 98.3% and 92.4% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Malaria will continue to be the talk of the town for a long time to come, especially in tropical zones. environmental sanitation, which is the responsibility of both communities and authorities, will reinforce the action of the LLIN.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Profile of Households in the Bouake Northeast District Using Long-Lasting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (Llins) in 2019
    AU  - Kouassi Damus Paquin
    AU  - Soumahoro Sory Ibrahim
    AU  - Zika Kalou Dibert
    AU  - Coulibaly M’Begnan
    AU  - Yeo Salifou
    AU  - Kouame Arsene Deby
    AU  - Sokodogo Awa Madaho
    AU  - Oulai Anthony Sylvestre
    AU  - Moumouni Amadou
    AU  - Yao Gnissan Henri Auguste
    AU  - Ebouat Marc-Eric
    AU  - Adoubryn Koffi Daho
    AU  - Tiembre Issaka I
    Y1  - 2023/10/08
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13
    T2  - World Journal of Public Health
    JF  - World Journal of Public Health
    JO  - World Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 266
    EP  - 271
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-6059
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20230804.13
    AB  - Background: Malaria remains a continuing health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and its complications are more serious among children less than 5 years and pregnant women. In Côte d’Ivoire, its incidence was rising in the general population from 155‰ in 2016 to 229‰ in 2019. Universal coverage of LLIN in endemic countries still remain essential to contain malaria scourge. LLINs have been distributed gratis in different countries, in which majority of the citizens benefited by protection conferred by their usage. The issue of impregnated mosquito net use has been addressed by many authors from different angles. Public health measures are generally focused on people who do not always adhere to them. Better profiling of those who do comply with these measures and the reasons for their compliance would probably make it possible to reach a large number of the reluctant groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 in the Bouaké Nord-Est district. The study population was made up of heads of households in the Bouaké commune or their substitutes (wife(s)). We proceeded by cluster sampling. Results: Of the 930 heads of households surveyed, 78.7% were male (sex ratio=3.7). The median age of heads of household was 38, with extremes of 19 and 70. Our respondents were shopkeepers, had no formal education, and were cohabiting in 75.3%, 64% and 77.5% of cases respectively. In 72.6% and 48.6% of cases respectively, puddles and grass covered the area around the homes of those surveyed. Fever was the main sign of malaria, according to 98.3% of subjects. The condition affected all family members and could be fatal, according to 91.6% and 98.8% of heads of household surveyed respectively. All family members slept under the net in 44.4% of cases. In 98.2% of cases, the number of cases of fever in the household had fallen since the net had been used. The rainy season was the period when the net was most used, according to 96.5% of those surveyed. LLINs protected against mosquito bites and prevented malaria in 98.3% and 92.4% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Malaria will continue to be the talk of the town for a long time to come, especially in tropical zones. environmental sanitation, which is the responsibility of both communities and authorities, will reinforce the action of the LLIN.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Regional Office of the National Institute of Public Hygiene, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Regional Office of the National Institute of Public Hygiene, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Medical Sciences Faculty, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouake, Cote d’ivoire

  • Department of Public Health, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Department of Public Health, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Regional Office of the National Institute of Public Hygiene, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Department of Public Health, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Medical Sciences Faculty, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouake, Cote d’ivoire

  • Directorate of Immunizations Ministry of Public Health, Population and Social Affairs, Niamey, Niger

  • Regional Office of the National Institute of Public Hygiene, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Department of Public Health, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Cote d’ivoire

  • Medical Sciences Faculty, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouake, Cote d’ivoire

  • Public Health, Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Abidjan, Cote d’ivoire

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