Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya

Ann Wachira; Michael Mwangi; Damaris Nyingi; Eunice Minyattah; Waiguru Muriuki

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya

Ann Wachira, Michael Mwangi, Damaris Nyingi, Eunice Minyattah, Waiguru Muriuki

Published in Science Research (Volume 11, Issue 5)

Received: 23 August 2023 Accepted: 18 September 2023 Published: 27 September 2023

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Abstract

This study explores the utilization of alternative and locally available energy and protein sources in laying chicken feed formulations, aiming to reduce costs, enhance availability, and promote climate-smart approaches. The experiment included five dietary groups, each with specific energy and protein sources. Significant results emerged: average live weights displayed statistical significance (p < 0.0001), with hens on diet A3 containing fish meal (omena) exhibiting a moderate weight increase. Weekly egg collection demonstrated significance (p < 0.0002), with diet A3 yielding the highest collection, while A5 (positive control) produced the lowest. These trends mirrored the percentage lay, emphasizing diet's role in egg production. The incorporation of fish meal in diet A3 stood out, influencing growth rates and egg production due to its nutrient density and balanced amino acids. The impact of diets on egg weights was significant (p<0.0001), and feed consumption varied (p<0.0001), influenced by factors such as palatability and nutritional balance. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) analysis highlighted diet differences in feed efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between dietary compositions, poultry performance, and production metrics, emphasizing the importance of well-balanced, diverse, and climate-smart feed formulations in achieving sustainable and efficient chicken production.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
Page(s)	104-110
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alternative Feed Sources, Local Energy and Protein Sources, Climate-Smart Feed Formulations,FEED Efficiency, Egg Production

References

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[3]	FAO. 2021. The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4476en
[4]	FAO 2009: The State of Food and Agriculture - Livestock in the balance. ISBN 978-92-5-106215-9.
[5]	HLEF2050 Global Agriculture 2009: Global agriculture towards 2050. High Level Export Forum Rome 12 -13 October 2009.
[6]	Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. (2020, February 21). 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics - Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics/
[7]	Kidasi, P. C., Chao, D. K., Obudho, E., & Mwang’ombe, A. W. (2021). Farmers’ Sources and Varieties of Cassava Planting Materials in Coastal Kenya. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.611089
[8]	Lourenco, J. M., Rothrock, M. J., Sanad, Y. M., & Callaway, T. R. (2019). The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00036
[9]	Maina, J. G., Beames, R. M., Higgs, D. A., Mbugua, P. N., & Iwama, G. K. (2007, November). The feeding value and protein quality in high-fibre and fibre-reduced sunflower cakes and Kenya’s “omena” fishmeal for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ResearchGate; ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288109502_The_feeding_value_and_protein_quality_in_high-fibre_and_fibre-reduced_sunflower_cakes_and_Kenya's_omena_fishmeal_for_tilapia_Oreochromis_niloticus
[10]	Miles, R. D. M., & Chapman, F. A. (2021). The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets. Ufl.edu. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FA122
[11]	Nguyen, T. N., Davis, D. A., & Saoud, I. P. (2009). Evaluation of Alternative Protein Sources to Replace Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Tilapia, Oreochromis spp \| Request PDF. ResearchGate, 40 (1). https://doi.org/10.1111//j.1749-7345.2008.00230.x
[12]	Nyongesa, D., Mutoni, C. K., Esilaba, A. O., & Mabele, R. B. (2017). The economics and gender factor in soya bean production and profitability in Kenya: a case of smallholder farms in Western Kenya. ResearchGate, 13 (3). https://doi.org/10.1504//IJARGE.2017.10008042
[13]	Ravindran, V. (2013). Poultry feed availability and nutrition in developing countries. ResearchGate; ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303260355_Poultry_feed_availability_and_nutrition_in_developing_countries
[14]	Teguia A. and Beynen A. C. 2005 Alternative feedstuffs for broilers in Cameroon Livestock Research for Rural Development 17 (3) 2005.
[15]	Thirumalaisamy, G., Muralidharan, J., Senthilkumar, S., Sayee, R., & Priyadharsini, M. (2016). Cost-Effective Feeding of Poultry. Semantic Scholar; https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/COST-EFFECTIVE-FEEDING-OF-POULTRY-Thirumalaisamy-Muralidharan/a9bc40c39f14235ca2a84010ad1d97462ef62500

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APA Style

Ann Wachira, Michael Mwangi, Damaris Nyingi, Eunice Minyattah, Waiguru Muriuki. (2023). Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Science Research, 11(5), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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ACS Style

Ann Wachira; Michael Mwangi; Damaris Nyingi; Eunice Minyattah; Waiguru Muriuki. Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Sci. Res. 2023, 11(5), 104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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AMA Style

Ann Wachira, Michael Mwangi, Damaris Nyingi, Eunice Minyattah, Waiguru Muriuki. Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Sci Res. 2023;11(5):104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12,
  author = {Ann Wachira and Michael Mwangi and Damaris Nyingi and Eunice Minyattah and Waiguru Muriuki},
  title = {Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20231105.12},
  abstract = {This study explores the utilization of alternative and locally available energy and protein sources in laying chicken feed formulations, aiming to reduce costs, enhance availability, and promote climate-smart approaches. The experiment included five dietary groups, each with specific energy and protein sources. Significant results emerged: average live weights displayed statistical significance (p < 0.0001), with hens on diet A3 containing fish meal (omena) exhibiting a moderate weight increase. Weekly egg collection demonstrated significance (p < 0.0002), with diet A3 yielding the highest collection, while A5 (positive control) produced the lowest. These trends mirrored the percentage lay, emphasizing diet's role in egg production. The incorporation of fish meal in diet A3 stood out, influencing growth rates and egg production due to its nutrient density and balanced amino acids. The impact of diets on egg weights was significant (p<0.0001), and feed consumption varied (p<0.0001), influenced by factors such as palatability and nutritional balance. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) analysis highlighted diet differences in feed efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between dietary compositions, poultry performance, and production metrics, emphasizing the importance of well-balanced, diverse, and climate-smart feed formulations in achieving sustainable and efficient chicken production.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya
AU  - Ann Wachira
AU  - Michael Mwangi
AU  - Damaris Nyingi
AU  - Eunice Minyattah
AU  - Waiguru Muriuki
Y1  - 2023/09/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 104
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
AB  - This study explores the utilization of alternative and locally available energy and protein sources in laying chicken feed formulations, aiming to reduce costs, enhance availability, and promote climate-smart approaches. The experiment included five dietary groups, each with specific energy and protein sources. Significant results emerged: average live weights displayed statistical significance (p < 0.0001), with hens on diet A3 containing fish meal (omena) exhibiting a moderate weight increase. Weekly egg collection demonstrated significance (p < 0.0002), with diet A3 yielding the highest collection, while A5 (positive control) produced the lowest. These trends mirrored the percentage lay, emphasizing diet's role in egg production. The incorporation of fish meal in diet A3 stood out, influencing growth rates and egg production due to its nutrient density and balanced amino acids. The impact of diets on egg weights was significant (p<0.0001), and feed consumption varied (p<0.0001), influenced by factors such as palatability and nutritional balance. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) analysis highlighted diet differences in feed efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between dietary compositions, poultry performance, and production metrics, emphasizing the importance of well-balanced, diverse, and climate-smart feed formulations in achieving sustainable and efficient chicken production.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Ann Wachira

Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Non Ruminant Research Institute, Kakamega, Kenya
Michael Mwangi

Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Non Ruminant Research Institute, Kakamega, Kenya
Damaris Nyingi

Veterinary and Animal Production Solutions, (VETANP), Nairobi, Kenya
Eunice Minyattah

Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Non Ruminant Research Institute, Kakamega, Kenya
Waiguru Muriuki

Centers for Research and Data Technologies (CRDT), Nairobi, Kenya

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APA Style

Ann Wachira, Michael Mwangi, Damaris Nyingi, Eunice Minyattah, Waiguru Muriuki. (2023). Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Science Research, 11(5), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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ACS Style

Ann Wachira; Michael Mwangi; Damaris Nyingi; Eunice Minyattah; Waiguru Muriuki. Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Sci. Res. 2023, 11(5), 104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

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AMA Style

Ann Wachira, Michael Mwangi, Damaris Nyingi, Eunice Minyattah, Waiguru Muriuki. Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya. Sci Res. 2023;11(5):104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12,
  author = {Ann Wachira and Michael Mwangi and Damaris Nyingi and Eunice Minyattah and Waiguru Muriuki},
  title = {Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20231105.12},
  abstract = {This study explores the utilization of alternative and locally available energy and protein sources in laying chicken feed formulations, aiming to reduce costs, enhance availability, and promote climate-smart approaches. The experiment included five dietary groups, each with specific energy and protein sources. Significant results emerged: average live weights displayed statistical significance (p < 0.0001), with hens on diet A3 containing fish meal (omena) exhibiting a moderate weight increase. Weekly egg collection demonstrated significance (p < 0.0002), with diet A3 yielding the highest collection, while A5 (positive control) produced the lowest. These trends mirrored the percentage lay, emphasizing diet's role in egg production. The incorporation of fish meal in diet A3 stood out, influencing growth rates and egg production due to its nutrient density and balanced amino acids. The impact of diets on egg weights was significant (p<0.0001), and feed consumption varied (p<0.0001), influenced by factors such as palatability and nutritional balance. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) analysis highlighted diet differences in feed efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between dietary compositions, poultry performance, and production metrics, emphasizing the importance of well-balanced, diverse, and climate-smart feed formulations in achieving sustainable and efficient chicken production.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diversifying Energy and Protein Sources for Poultry Feeds in Kenya
AU  - Ann Wachira
AU  - Michael Mwangi
AU  - Damaris Nyingi
AU  - Eunice Minyattah
AU  - Waiguru Muriuki
Y1  - 2023/09/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 104
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231105.12
AB  - This study explores the utilization of alternative and locally available energy and protein sources in laying chicken feed formulations, aiming to reduce costs, enhance availability, and promote climate-smart approaches. The experiment included five dietary groups, each with specific energy and protein sources. Significant results emerged: average live weights displayed statistical significance (p < 0.0001), with hens on diet A3 containing fish meal (omena) exhibiting a moderate weight increase. Weekly egg collection demonstrated significance (p < 0.0002), with diet A3 yielding the highest collection, while A5 (positive control) produced the lowest. These trends mirrored the percentage lay, emphasizing diet's role in egg production. The incorporation of fish meal in diet A3 stood out, influencing growth rates and egg production due to its nutrient density and balanced amino acids. The impact of diets on egg weights was significant (p<0.0001), and feed consumption varied (p<0.0001), influenced by factors such as palatability and nutritional balance. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) analysis highlighted diet differences in feed efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between dietary compositions, poultry performance, and production metrics, emphasizing the importance of well-balanced, diverse, and climate-smart feed formulations in achieving sustainable and efficient chicken production.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
ER  -

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