Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Rose H. Mende; Blandina T. Mmbaga; Rahim K. Damji; Ben C. J. Hamel; Ann M. Buchanan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Rose H. Mende, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Rahim K. Damji, Ben C. J. Hamel, Ann M. Buchanan

Published in Science Research (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 29 October 2015 Accepted: 16 November 2015 Published: 10 December 2015

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Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co- infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant’s hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant’s hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19
Page(s)	324-328
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hepatitis B, HIV, Prevalence, Co-Infection, Children

References

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[5]	Telatela SP, Matee MI, Munubhi EK. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infections among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending the paediatric HIV care and treatment center at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 338-43.
[6]	Muro FJ, Fiorillo SP, Sakasaka P, Odhiambo C, Reddy EA, Cunningham CK, Buchanan AM. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B ad C Viruses Among Children in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc 2013; 2(4): 1-7.
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[8]	Abera B, Zenebe Y, Mulu W, Kibret M, Kahsu G. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and risk factors in HIV infected children at the Felgehiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7: 838.
[9]	Sadoh AE, Sadoh WE, Iduoriyekemwen NJ. HIV co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses among Nigerian children in an antiretroviral treatment programme. S Afr J Child Health 2011; 5(1): 7–10.
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[12]	Bhargava A, Singh DK, Rai R. Sero-prevalence of viral co-infections in HIV infected children of Northern India. Indian J Pediatr 2009; 76(9): 917–9.
[13]	Zhou S, Zhao Y, He Y, Li H, Bulterys M, Sun X, Dou Z, Robinson M, Zhang F. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence in children receiving antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in China, 2005-2009. J Acq Immun Def Synd 2010; 54(2): 191-6.
[14]	François G, Dochez C, Mphahlele MJ, Burnett R, Hala GV, Meheus A. Hepatitis B vaccination in Africa: mission accomplished? S Afr J Epid Infect 2008; 23(1): 24-8.
[15]	Nwolisa E, Mbanefo F, Ezeogu J, Amadi P. Prevalence of Hepatitis B co-infection amongst HIV infected children attending a care and treatment centre in Owerri, south-eastern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14: 89-93.
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APA Style

Rose H. Mende, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Rahim K. Damji, Ben C. J. Hamel, Ann M. Buchanan. (2015). Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Science Research, 3(6), 324-328. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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ACS Style

Rose H. Mende; Blandina T. Mmbaga; Rahim K. Damji; Ben C. J. Hamel; Ann M. Buchanan. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Sci. Res. 2015, 3(6), 324-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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AMA Style

Rose H. Mende, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Rahim K. Damji, Ben C. J. Hamel, Ann M. Buchanan. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Sci Res. 2015;3(6):324-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19,
  author = {Rose H. Mende and Blandina T. Mmbaga and Rahim K. Damji and Ben C. J. Hamel and Ann M. Buchanan},
  title = {Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {324-328},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20150306.19},
  abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co- infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant’s hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant’s hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania
AU - Rose H. Mende
AU - Blandina T. Mmbaga
AU - Rahim K. Damji
AU - Ben C. J. Hamel
AU - Ann M. Buchanan
Y1 - 2015/12/10
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19
DO - 10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19
T2 - Science Research
JF - Science Research
JO - Science Research
SP - 324
EP - 328
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2329-0927
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19
AB - Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co- infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant’s hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant’s hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.
VL - 3
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Rose H. Mende

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
Blandina T. Mmbaga

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
Rahim K. Damji

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
Ben C. J. Hamel

Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Ann M. Buchanan

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

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APA Style

Rose H. Mende, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Rahim K. Damji, Ben C. J. Hamel, Ann M. Buchanan. (2015). Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Science Research, 3(6), 324-328. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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ACS Style

Rose H. Mende; Blandina T. Mmbaga; Rahim K. Damji; Ben C. J. Hamel; Ann M. Buchanan. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Sci. Res. 2015, 3(6), 324-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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AMA Style

Rose H. Mende, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Rahim K. Damji, Ben C. J. Hamel, Ann M. Buchanan. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Sci Res. 2015;3(6):324-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19,
  author = {Rose H. Mende and Blandina T. Mmbaga and Rahim K. Damji and Ben C. J. Hamel and Ann M. Buchanan},
  title = {Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {324-328},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150306.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20150306.19},
  abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co- infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant’s hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant’s hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.},
 year = {2015}
}

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