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Regulating Lines: Making Use of Imaginary Lines and Design Principles in the Studio

Received: 28 September 2017     Accepted: 23 October 2017     Published: 16 November 2017
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Abstract

Regulating lines are visible or implied lines used to compose and construct artifacts, buildings, landscapes or other objects. In landscape architecture, regulating lines have been used from antiquity. During the renaissance, for example, many French formal gardens were organized with symmetry and Euclidean geometry as organizing elements. These formal gardens often had visible or implied regulating lines. Contemporary use and asymmetrical use of regulating lines can be observed in the works of Dan Kiely, Peter Walker, Andrea Cochran, Marth Swartz and others. In landscape architecture, the use of regulating lines and the articulation of a method to design with regulating lines is not well-developed. There are several introductory textbooks in landscape architecture education which mention regulating lines, but these references lack detail regarding how regulating lines can be observed or used. This paper explores a case study example of how regulating lines were used as a teaching tool. As an exercise in the design studio, landscape architecture students were given assignments to make a landscape design with the use of regulating lines. One case study is presented to demonstrate how regulating lines can be used by students and faculty in the design studio. Regarding application to professional practice, the design of some informal designs may not be aided by regulating lines such as meandering designs or highly irregular properties. This paper aims to encourage dialog and critique of using regulating lines as a teaching tool, and to demonstrate their potential appropriateness or usefulness.

Published in Science Journal of Education (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18
Page(s) 225-231
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Proportion, Unity, Process, Revision, Design

References
[1] Hing, A., Understanding the Plan: A Studio Experience. Journal of Interior Design, 2006. 31(3): p. 10-20.
[2] Elam, K., Geometry of design: studies in proportion and composition. 2001: Princeton Architectural Press.
[3] Motloch, J. L., Introduction to landscape design. 2000: John Wiley & Sons.
[4] Lauer, D. A. and S. Pentak, Design basics. 2011: Cengage Learning.
[5] Booth, N. K., Basic elements of landscape architectural design. 1989: Waveland press.
[6] Booth, N. K. and J. E. Hiss, Residential landscape architecture: design process for the private residence. 2011: Prentice Hall.
[7] Reid, G. W., From concept to form in landscape design. 1993.
[8] Ching, F. D., Architecture: Form, space, and order. 2014: John Wiley & Sons.
[9] Hale, J., The old way of seeing. 1994: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
[10] Doczi, G., The power of limits: proportional harmonies in nature, art, and architecture. 1981.
[11] Kolarevic, B., Regulating lines and geometric relations as a framework for exploring shape, dimension and geometric organization in design, in CAAD futures 1997. 1997, Springer. p. 163-170.
[12] Mallgrave, H. F. and C. Contandriopoulos, Architectural theory. 2 vols. Vol. 1 an Ontology from Vitruvius to 1870, Malden, MA. 2006, Blackwell Pub.
[13] Pregill, P. and N. Volkman, Landscapes in history: design and planning in the Eastern and Western traditions. 1999: John Wiley & Sons.
[14] Van Tonder, G. J., M. J. Lyons, and Y. Ejima, Perception psychology: Visual structure of a Japanese Zen garden. Nature, 2002. 419(6905): p. 359-360.
[15] Hansen, A., From hand to land: tracing procedural artifacts in the built landscape. Scenario 01: Landscape Urbanism, 2011.
[16] Bell, S., Elements of visual design in the landscape. 2004: Taylor & Francis.
[17] Dvorak, B., et al., Multimodal Transportation Systems and Transit Oriented Development: Concepts for Bryan-College Station, Texas, and Texas A&M University. 2015, Publisher: Blurb.com: United States. p. 146.
[18] Dreiseitl, H. and D. Grau, New waterscapes: Planning, building and designing with water. 2009: Walter de Gruyter.
[19] Murphy, M., Landscape architecture theory. Waveland Pr Inc, 2005.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Bruce Dvorak. (2017). Regulating Lines: Making Use of Imaginary Lines and Design Principles in the Studio. Science Journal of Education, 5(5), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18

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    ACS Style

    Bruce Dvorak. Regulating Lines: Making Use of Imaginary Lines and Design Principles in the Studio. Sci. J. Educ. 2017, 5(5), 225-231. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18

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    AMA Style

    Bruce Dvorak. Regulating Lines: Making Use of Imaginary Lines and Design Principles in the Studio. Sci J Educ. 2017;5(5):225-231. doi: 10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18,
      author = {Bruce Dvorak},
      title = {Regulating Lines: Making Use of Imaginary Lines and Design Principles in the Studio},
      journal = {Science Journal of Education},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {225-231},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20170505.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjedu.20170505.18},
      abstract = {Regulating lines are visible or implied lines used to compose and construct artifacts, buildings, landscapes or other objects. In landscape architecture, regulating lines have been used from antiquity. During the renaissance, for example, many French formal gardens were organized with symmetry and Euclidean geometry as organizing elements. These formal gardens often had visible or implied regulating lines. Contemporary use and asymmetrical use of regulating lines can be observed in the works of Dan Kiely, Peter Walker, Andrea Cochran, Marth Swartz and others. In landscape architecture, the use of regulating lines and the articulation of a method to design with regulating lines is not well-developed. There are several introductory textbooks in landscape architecture education which mention regulating lines, but these references lack detail regarding how regulating lines can be observed or used. This paper explores a case study example of how regulating lines were used as a teaching tool. As an exercise in the design studio, landscape architecture students were given assignments to make a landscape design with the use of regulating lines. One case study is presented to demonstrate how regulating lines can be used by students and faculty in the design studio. Regarding application to professional practice, the design of some informal designs may not be aided by regulating lines such as meandering designs or highly irregular properties. This paper aims to encourage dialog and critique of using regulating lines as a teaching tool, and to demonstrate their potential appropriateness or usefulness.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

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