The period of the Republic of China was a crucial window for the transformation of the urban-rural relationship in China from traditional agrarian civilization to modern industrial civilization. As a special geographical unit located in the hinterland of the Qinba Mountains and the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi was not only embedded in the macro context of the national social transformation but also presented a unique path due to the regional characteristics of mountainous barriers and frequent wars. This paper takes "functional transformation" and "interaction mechanism" as the core clues and uses multiple research methods to systematically sort out the evolution trajectory of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi from 1912 to 1949. The research shows that the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period presented distinct phased characteristics: from 1912 to 1937, driven by the military demands of warlords, the expansion of urban trade, and the "industrial salvation of the country" policy, the "rural support for urban" model was continuously strengthened. The countryside constructed a one-way support system through three dimensions: material supply, labor mobility, and financial support, and the urban-rural interaction followed a single logic of "resources from rural to urban". From 1937 to 1949, the war-time internal migration promoted the upgrading of urban functions, and the trend of "urban leading rural" began to sprout. The city formed the initial form of two-way interaction through trade guidance, technological penetration, and service extension. However, due to geographical barriers, weak industrial foundation, war damage, and the lack of mechanisms, it presented characteristics of limited radiation, external dependence of driving force, and vulnerability of the relationship fluctuating with the war situation. Overall, southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period did not complete the complete transformation from "rural support for urban" to "urban leading rural", forming a mixed form of "continuation of the traditional model + budding of modern trends". Its evolution was shaped by geographical transportation, political wars, economic structure, and population mobility. Compared with the models of Guanzhong and northern Sichuan, it highlighted the characteristics of "slowness, locality, and fragility". This paper fills the research gap on the urban-rural relationship in mountainous border areas in modern times, provides a new case for related typological research, and also offers historical references for the contemporary urban-rural integration and development in mountainous areas.
| Published in | Science Innovation (Volume 14, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.si.20261406.13 |
| Page(s) | 233-244 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Rural Support for Urban, Urban Leading Rural, Urban-rural Functional Transformation, Republic of China Period, Southern Shaanxi Region
年份 | 粮食 (万石) | 蚕茧 (万担) | 茶叶 (万担) | 铁矿 (万吨) | 中药材 (万担) | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1912 | 35 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 《陕西通志·实业卷》(1914) |
1925 | 52 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 汉中府档案《物资流通统计》(1926) |
1937 | 80 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 《西京日报》(1937.6.12) |
增长率(%) | 128.6 | 300 | 150 | 275 | 200 | 笔者计算(P<0.05,差异显著) |
辐射类型 | 覆盖乡村比例(%) | 核心成效指标 | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|
商贸引导生产 | 30 | 经济作物种植面积增长67%(P<0.05) | 《民国三十年度陕南商贸报告》 |
技术辐射 | 25 | 改良作物亩产平均提升25%(P<0.05) | 《陕南农业技术推广报告》(1946) |
公共服务延伸 | 20 | 乡村学龄儿童入学率从10%升至25% | 安康专区档案《教育统计》(1945) |
行政治理覆盖 | 85 | 保甲制度覆盖90%以上乡村 | 《陕南行政督察区工作报告》(1947) |
年份 | 汉中城 | 安康城 | 商洛城 | 乡村总人口 | 城市人口占比(%) | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1912 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 350 | 1.51 | 《陕西人口调查》(1913) |
1937 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 380 | 2.18 | 陕西省档案馆《人口统计年报》(1937) |
1945 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 390 | 3.08 | 《陕南战时人口统计》(1946) |
1949 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 385 | 2.78 | 《新中国陕西人口普查前身资料》 |
对比维度 | 陕南 | 关中 (西安周边) | 川北 (广元周边) | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
城市人口占比(%) | 2.18 | 5.32 | 3.85 | 各省人口统计年报(1937) |
工业产值占比(%) | 3.5 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 《中国实业志》相关卷次 |
城乡双向互动率(%) | 15 | 45 | 30 | 笔者根据商贸、技术流动数据测算 |
辐射乡村比例(%) | 30 | 65 | 48 | 区域乡村发展调查报告 |
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APA Style
Zongming, L. (2026). An Analysis of the Transformation and Interaction Mechanism of Urban and Rural Functions in Southern Shaanxi During the Republic of China Period. Science Innovation, 14(6), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261406.13
ACS Style
Zongming, L. An Analysis of the Transformation and Interaction Mechanism of Urban and Rural Functions in Southern Shaanxi During the Republic of China Period. Sci. Innov. 2026, 14(6), 233-244. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20261406.13
@article{10.11648/j.si.20261406.13,
author = {Li Zongming},
title = {An Analysis of the Transformation and Interaction Mechanism of Urban and Rural Functions in Southern Shaanxi During the Republic of China Period},
journal = {Science Innovation},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {233-244},
doi = {10.11648/j.si.20261406.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261406.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.si.20261406.13},
abstract = {The period of the Republic of China was a crucial window for the transformation of the urban-rural relationship in China from traditional agrarian civilization to modern industrial civilization. As a special geographical unit located in the hinterland of the Qinba Mountains and the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi was not only embedded in the macro context of the national social transformation but also presented a unique path due to the regional characteristics of mountainous barriers and frequent wars. This paper takes "functional transformation" and "interaction mechanism" as the core clues and uses multiple research methods to systematically sort out the evolution trajectory of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi from 1912 to 1949. The research shows that the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period presented distinct phased characteristics: from 1912 to 1937, driven by the military demands of warlords, the expansion of urban trade, and the "industrial salvation of the country" policy, the "rural support for urban" model was continuously strengthened. The countryside constructed a one-way support system through three dimensions: material supply, labor mobility, and financial support, and the urban-rural interaction followed a single logic of "resources from rural to urban". From 1937 to 1949, the war-time internal migration promoted the upgrading of urban functions, and the trend of "urban leading rural" began to sprout. The city formed the initial form of two-way interaction through trade guidance, technological penetration, and service extension. However, due to geographical barriers, weak industrial foundation, war damage, and the lack of mechanisms, it presented characteristics of limited radiation, external dependence of driving force, and vulnerability of the relationship fluctuating with the war situation. Overall, southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period did not complete the complete transformation from "rural support for urban" to "urban leading rural", forming a mixed form of "continuation of the traditional model + budding of modern trends". Its evolution was shaped by geographical transportation, political wars, economic structure, and population mobility. Compared with the models of Guanzhong and northern Sichuan, it highlighted the characteristics of "slowness, locality, and fragility". This paper fills the research gap on the urban-rural relationship in mountainous border areas in modern times, provides a new case for related typological research, and also offers historical references for the contemporary urban-rural integration and development in mountainous areas.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - An Analysis of the Transformation and Interaction Mechanism of Urban and Rural Functions in Southern Shaanxi During the Republic of China Period AU - Li Zongming Y1 - 2026/11/10 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261406.13 DO - 10.11648/j.si.20261406.13 T2 - Science Innovation JF - Science Innovation JO - Science Innovation SP - 233 EP - 244 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-787X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20261406.13 AB - The period of the Republic of China was a crucial window for the transformation of the urban-rural relationship in China from traditional agrarian civilization to modern industrial civilization. As a special geographical unit located in the hinterland of the Qinba Mountains and the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi was not only embedded in the macro context of the national social transformation but also presented a unique path due to the regional characteristics of mountainous barriers and frequent wars. This paper takes "functional transformation" and "interaction mechanism" as the core clues and uses multiple research methods to systematically sort out the evolution trajectory of the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi from 1912 to 1949. The research shows that the urban-rural relationship in southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period presented distinct phased characteristics: from 1912 to 1937, driven by the military demands of warlords, the expansion of urban trade, and the "industrial salvation of the country" policy, the "rural support for urban" model was continuously strengthened. The countryside constructed a one-way support system through three dimensions: material supply, labor mobility, and financial support, and the urban-rural interaction followed a single logic of "resources from rural to urban". From 1937 to 1949, the war-time internal migration promoted the upgrading of urban functions, and the trend of "urban leading rural" began to sprout. The city formed the initial form of two-way interaction through trade guidance, technological penetration, and service extension. However, due to geographical barriers, weak industrial foundation, war damage, and the lack of mechanisms, it presented characteristics of limited radiation, external dependence of driving force, and vulnerability of the relationship fluctuating with the war situation. Overall, southern Shaanxi during the Republic of China period did not complete the complete transformation from "rural support for urban" to "urban leading rural", forming a mixed form of "continuation of the traditional model + budding of modern trends". Its evolution was shaped by geographical transportation, political wars, economic structure, and population mobility. Compared with the models of Guanzhong and northern Sichuan, it highlighted the characteristics of "slowness, locality, and fragility". This paper fills the research gap on the urban-rural relationship in mountainous border areas in modern times, provides a new case for related typological research, and also offers historical references for the contemporary urban-rural integration and development in mountainous areas. VL - 14 IS - 6 ER -