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Rites and Rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu’ as the Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu Example

Received: 13 May 2026     Accepted: 27 May 2026     Published: 29 September 2026
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Abstract

In all the manifestations of culture across the globe, there exist practices which celebrate life circle transitions especially from birth until the termination of human life. One of such practices is the rite of passage. One of such rites of passage is the 'ibe-ugwu' (circumcision) among the Ukawu people of Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. 'Ibe-ugwu' witness the preparation and equipping of females adolescents to assume the roles of wives, mothers, and women in the society. It is the contention of this work, that the continued neglect of such cultural heritage is one of the major reasons for seeming African Igbo loss of identity, moral decadence and social vices amongst her youths today. The work advocates for a revival of such African Igbo cultural heritage. It further provides more exposition of an African Igbo culture to the wider audience and additional literature on culture, religion and law in Igboland. This research makes use of documental and interview methods of data gathering while deploying the sociological (structural functionalist) approach in its data analysis.

Published in Science Development (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12
Page(s) 126-132
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rites, Rituals, Gateway, Womanhood, IgboIand

References
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[3] Dew, Kevin. 2014. Structural Functionalism, the Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society. Toronto, Wiley Publishing House.
[4] Gennep, O (2018). The Face of Africa, Imo, First Academic Publishers Ltd.
[5] Gennep, V. A. (1960). The Rites of Passage, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
[6] Grimes, E. (2002). ‘Ekpu-Oro Studies in Oron Cosmology and cultural History' in African Journal of Religion, Culture and Society Vol. 7 No. 3.
[7] Hird, E. et al (2012). Ibo Catholism in Communication Approaches to Rites of Passage, Nigeria, BSM Resources, Ltd.
[8] Kanu, I. A. (2019). 'An Igwebuike Approach to the Study of African Traditional Naming Ceremony and Baptism' in International Journal of Religion & Human Relations Vol. 11. No. 2.
[9] Keniston, K. (1977.) Prologue. In Rogers D. (ed) Issues in Adolescent Psychology, New Jersey: Prentice Hal, inc.
[10] Lertzman, D. A. (2002). Readings Covering Rites of Passage: Education Transformation, and the African Predicament, Nigeria, Hop Publication.
[11] Levy, M. J. (1952). The structure of Society. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
[12] Metuh, E. I. (1987). African Religions in Western Conceptual Scheme, Jos, IMICO Press.
[13] OKEKE, I. (2024). The Rites and Rituals of Ibe-Ugwu as a Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland; the Ukawu Example. Link:
[14] OKEKE, I. (2023). Rites and rituals of ‘Ibe-Ugwu' as the gateway to womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu example. APAS International Conference. Link:
[15] Okeke, JI. (2023). Rites and rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu' as the gateway to womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu example. Theme Seven: Gender, Conflict, Peace and Justice. 19th Sept. MFL -2. Link:
[16] Okeke, I. J. (2022). Rites and Rituals of Iwa-Akwa as the Gateway to Manhood in Igboland. International Journal of Art, Culture, Design, and Technology (IJACDT), 11(1), 1-11. Link:
[17] Perry, A. A. and Perry E. (1931). The Social Web: An Introduction to Sociology, USA, Harper and Row.
[18] Parson, T. (1940). 'The Motivation of Economic Activities' in Canadian Journal of Economic and political science, Vol. 6. No. 2.
[19] Piaget, J. (1965). The Moral Judgement of the Child, New York, Free Press.
[20] Poloma, M. M (1979). Contemporary Sociological Theory, New York, MacMillan Publishing Co. Inc.
[21] Sen. T. N. (1999). West African Traditional Religion: Ibadan, NOK Publishers.
[22] Shaw, H. (1972) Dictionary of Literary Terms, New York, MCGraw.
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[24] Uba, H. M. E. (1985) The Igbo Socio-Political System-papers presented at the 1985 Ahiajoku Lecture Colloquium, Owerri Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth and Sports Publishers.
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  • APA Style

    Okeke, J. I. (2026). Rites and Rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu’ as the Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu Example. Science Development, 7(3), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12

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    ACS Style

    Okeke, J. I. Rites and Rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu’ as the Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu Example. Sci. Dev. 2026, 7(3), 126-132. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12

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    AMA Style

    Okeke JI. Rites and Rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu’ as the Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu Example. Sci Dev. 2026;7(3):126-132. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12,
      author = {Johnson Ifeanyi Okeke},
      title = {Rites and Rituals of ‘ibe-ugwu’ as the Gateway to Womanhood in Igboland: The Ukawu Example},
      journal = {Science Development},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {126-132},
      doi = {10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20260703.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.scidev.20260703.12},
      abstract = {In all the manifestations of culture across the globe, there exist practices which celebrate life circle transitions especially from birth until the termination of human life. One of such practices is the rite of passage. One of such rites of passage is the 'ibe-ugwu' (circumcision) among the Ukawu people of Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. 'Ibe-ugwu' witness the preparation and equipping of females adolescents to assume the roles of wives, mothers, and women in the society. It is the contention of this work, that the continued neglect of such cultural heritage is one of the major reasons for seeming African Igbo loss of identity, moral decadence and social vices amongst her youths today. The work advocates for a revival of such African Igbo cultural heritage. It further provides more exposition of an African Igbo culture to the wider audience and additional literature on culture, religion and law in Igboland. This research makes use of documental and interview methods of data gathering while deploying the sociological (structural functionalist) approach in its data analysis.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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    AB  - In all the manifestations of culture across the globe, there exist practices which celebrate life circle transitions especially from birth until the termination of human life. One of such practices is the rite of passage. One of such rites of passage is the 'ibe-ugwu' (circumcision) among the Ukawu people of Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. 'Ibe-ugwu' witness the preparation and equipping of females adolescents to assume the roles of wives, mothers, and women in the society. It is the contention of this work, that the continued neglect of such cultural heritage is one of the major reasons for seeming African Igbo loss of identity, moral decadence and social vices amongst her youths today. The work advocates for a revival of such African Igbo cultural heritage. It further provides more exposition of an African Igbo culture to the wider audience and additional literature on culture, religion and law in Igboland. This research makes use of documental and interview methods of data gathering while deploying the sociological (structural functionalist) approach in its data analysis.
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Author Information
  • Department of Religion & Cultural Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Nigeria

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