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The Green Leafy Vegetable Psophocarpus Scandens as Putative Source of Nutraceuticals in Sickle Cell Disease: The Scientific-Based Evidences

Received: 13 October 2018     Accepted: 26 October 2018     Published: 16 November 2018
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Abstract

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), medicinal plants represent the main product for both urban and rural populations for their health care needs due to the high costs of conventional medicine. These plant species contain bioactive compounds also called phytochemicals that are capable of modulating metabolic processes and resulting in the promotion of better health. Some of these plants act therefore as functional foods and could serve as sources of nutraceuticals. Psophocarpus scandens, an unconventional green leafy vegetable, is well known to have antioxidant activity which is one of the modes of action of Sickle cell disease (SCD) drugs. To justify this study, it was hypothesized that P. scandens possess antisickling properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antisickling activity of organic acids rich extract from P. scandens using in vitro biological experiments (Emmel, Itano and hemolysis tests). The results revealed that P. scadens have antisickling properties in vitro (normalization rate: 80%). This bioactivity is expressed as the re-appearance of the normal and classical biconcave form of red blood cells (RBCs: from 0.00±0.00 to 3.55±0.28 µm) in hypoxic conditions by reducing the perimeter of sickle RBCs (from 35.26±1.21 to 19.80±1.15 µm) and increasing their surface (from 21.41±1.84 to 34.10±1.76 µm2) (p<0.05). The bioactivity displayed could be due to triterpenoic acids which are able to reduce both the rate of hemolysis (hemolysis inhibition ˃50%) and the aggregation of deoxy-Hb S (hemoglobin S polymerization inhibition rate ˃80%) as experimentally demonstrated. Literature search revealed that this green leafy vegetable contains polyphenolic compounds (glucosylated flavonoids and phenolic acids) with antioxidant properties and all essential amino-acids. Thus, the daily consumption of P. scandens fortified with the leaves powder of Moringa oleirera could considerably reduce in vivo oxidative stress and hemolysis associated with clinical manifestation of SCD. Based on current knowledge this is a first report on the antisickling activity of P. scandens. It is desirable that the bio-guided fractionation of organic acids extract could be carried out in order to isolate and elucidate the structure of bioactive pure compound(s).

Published in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11
Page(s) 7-13
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sickle Cell Disease, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, Psophocarpus Scandens, Evidences-Based Medicine

References
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    Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Nathanael Nieto Kongobi, Clément Liyongo Inkoto, Gédeon Ngiala Bongo, Colette Masengo Ashande, et al. (2018). The Green Leafy Vegetable Psophocarpus Scandens as Putative Source of Nutraceuticals in Sickle Cell Disease: The Scientific-Based Evidences. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2(2), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11

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    ACS Style

    Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua; Nathanael Nieto Kongobi; Clément Liyongo Inkoto; Gédeon Ngiala Bongo; Colette Masengo Ashande, et al. The Green Leafy Vegetable Psophocarpus Scandens as Putative Source of Nutraceuticals in Sickle Cell Disease: The Scientific-Based Evidences. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2018, 2(2), 7-13. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11

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    AMA Style

    Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Nathanael Nieto Kongobi, Clément Liyongo Inkoto, Gédeon Ngiala Bongo, Colette Masengo Ashande, et al. The Green Leafy Vegetable Psophocarpus Scandens as Putative Source of Nutraceuticals in Sickle Cell Disease: The Scientific-Based Evidences. Pharm Sci Technol. 2018;2(2):7-13. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11,
      author = {Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua and Nathanael Nieto Kongobi and Clément Liyongo Inkoto and Gédeon Ngiala Bongo and Colette Masengo Ashande and Clément Mutunda Mbadiko and Clarisse Mawi Falanga and Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo and Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana},
      title = {The Green Leafy Vegetable Psophocarpus Scandens as Putative Source of Nutraceuticals in Sickle Cell Disease: The Scientific-Based Evidences},
      journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {7-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20180202.11},
      abstract = {In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), medicinal plants represent the main product for both urban and rural populations for their health care needs due to the high costs of conventional medicine. These plant species contain bioactive compounds also called phytochemicals that are capable of modulating metabolic processes and resulting in the promotion of better health. Some of these plants act therefore as functional foods and could serve as sources of nutraceuticals. Psophocarpus scandens, an unconventional green leafy vegetable, is well known to have antioxidant activity which is one of the modes of action of Sickle cell disease (SCD) drugs. To justify this study, it was hypothesized that P. scandens possess antisickling properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antisickling activity of organic acids rich extract from P. scandens using in vitro biological experiments (Emmel, Itano and hemolysis tests). The results revealed that P. scadens have antisickling properties in vitro (normalization rate: 80%). This bioactivity is expressed as the re-appearance of the normal and classical biconcave form of red blood cells (RBCs: from 0.00±0.00 to 3.55±0.28 µm) in hypoxic conditions by reducing the perimeter of sickle RBCs (from 35.26±1.21 to 19.80±1.15 µm) and increasing their surface (from 21.41±1.84 to 34.10±1.76 µm2) (pP. scandens fortified with the leaves powder of Moringa oleirera could considerably reduce in vivo oxidative stress and hemolysis associated with clinical manifestation of SCD. Based on current knowledge this is a first report on the antisickling activity of P. scandens. It is desirable that the bio-guided fractionation of organic acids extract could be carried out in order to isolate and elucidate the structure of bioactive pure compound(s).},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AU  - Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
    AU  - Nathanael Nieto Kongobi
    AU  - Clément Liyongo Inkoto
    AU  - Gédeon Ngiala Bongo
    AU  - Colette Masengo Ashande
    AU  - Clément Mutunda Mbadiko
    AU  - Clarisse Mawi Falanga
    AU  - Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo
    AU  - Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.pst.20180202.11
    T2  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
    JF  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
    JO  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-4540
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    AB  - In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), medicinal plants represent the main product for both urban and rural populations for their health care needs due to the high costs of conventional medicine. These plant species contain bioactive compounds also called phytochemicals that are capable of modulating metabolic processes and resulting in the promotion of better health. Some of these plants act therefore as functional foods and could serve as sources of nutraceuticals. Psophocarpus scandens, an unconventional green leafy vegetable, is well known to have antioxidant activity which is one of the modes of action of Sickle cell disease (SCD) drugs. To justify this study, it was hypothesized that P. scandens possess antisickling properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antisickling activity of organic acids rich extract from P. scandens using in vitro biological experiments (Emmel, Itano and hemolysis tests). The results revealed that P. scadens have antisickling properties in vitro (normalization rate: 80%). This bioactivity is expressed as the re-appearance of the normal and classical biconcave form of red blood cells (RBCs: from 0.00±0.00 to 3.55±0.28 µm) in hypoxic conditions by reducing the perimeter of sickle RBCs (from 35.26±1.21 to 19.80±1.15 µm) and increasing their surface (from 21.41±1.84 to 34.10±1.76 µm2) (pP. scandens fortified with the leaves powder of Moringa oleirera could considerably reduce in vivo oxidative stress and hemolysis associated with clinical manifestation of SCD. Based on current knowledge this is a first report on the antisickling activity of P. scandens. It is desirable that the bio-guided fractionation of organic acids extract could be carried out in order to isolate and elucidate the structure of bioactive pure compound(s).
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Section of Pure Science, Medical Techniques High School of Yakoma, Yakoma, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gbadolite, Gbadolite, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gbadolite, Gbadolite, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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