Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia

Dereje Abate Chekol; Tesfaye Gobena; Bezatu Mengiste

doi:doi:10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia

Dereje Abate Chekol, Tesfaye Gobena, Bezatu Mengiste

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 8 October 2019 Accepted: 25 December 2019 Published: 11 February 2020

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Abstract

Access to improved water source for drinking and other domestic uses is a major developmental challenge in many developing countries like Ethiopia due to its different geological formations and climatic conditions water distribution is uneven spatial and temporal across Ethiopia country. Even though accessible water supply is a critical issue to ensure the quality of life there no study conduct on Water accessibility in Jigjiga town before, therefore this study was aimed to assess the accessibility of water supply and associated factors among residents of town on May 2016. Community based cross sectional study design was used and 408 households and 14 key informant was randomly and purposive selected for quantitative and qualitative approaches respectively. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.3 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. Overall 56.7% of households reported using an improved water source as the main source of drinking water supply within recommended distance and only 35.2% of households consume 20 liters per person per day and less than half households (44.8%) affordable to water supply access (pay less than five percent of their income). Combining these three indicators results only a fifth of households (19%) of households accessible to water supply that meet standard. Head of household with higher level of education [(AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.0, 18.06)] and those having private pipe water supply [(AOR=19.1, 95% CI: (5.1, 71.39)] were identified as positively significant associated factors with water accessibility compared to those who cannot read and write and those that share water from neighbor pipe respectively. Access to water supply in the study area was very low. Therefore, those local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve accessibility and reliability of water supply and closely supervise and monitor private water vendors. Further in-depth studies should also be encouraged to look for improved interventions.

Published in	Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
Page(s)	1-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Accessibility, Affordability, Household, Water Source

References

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[3]	WHO and UNICEF 2014. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water - 2014 Update. Switzerland.
[4]	WHO, 2000. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund 2000, New York, USA.
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[8]	AlexanderKT., TesfayeY., Dreibelbis R., Abaire B. andFreeman MC. 2013 Sustainability and functionality of water systems in Millennium Water Alliance program areas.
[9]	Mekonnen Abdisa and R. Uttama Reddy, 2014. Assessment of potable water supply in Awaday town in Ethiopia, International Journal of Social Science ISSN 2305- 4557, 30th January 2014. Vol. 19 No. 1 www.Tiloss.com
[10]	Adank. M, et al. 2016, Water and sanitation services in small towns in Ethiopia Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development in press 2016.
[11]	WHO 2003. Domestic Water Quantity, Service Level and Health. Guy Howard and J. Bartram. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization.
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[13]	Tunde, A. M. 2013. Assessment of Households’ Water Availability and Accessibility in Ilorin East L. G. A Kwara State, Nigeria
[14]	Mohammed, A. I.. Zungu L. I and. HoqueM. E. (2011). Access to Safe Drinking Water and Availability of Environmental Sanitation Facilities among Dukem Town Households in Ethiopia. J Hum Ecol, 0000: 000-000 (0000).
[15]	Alebel Bayrou. 2002. Analyses of affordability and determinants of willingness to pay for improved water service in urban areas, strategy for cost recovery. A case study of Nazareth town, Ethiopia.
[16]	Luc Armand Totouom Fotuè. 2013. Awareness and the Demand for Improved Drinking Water Source in Cameroon, International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013 (January), e-ISSN 2247–7225 www.ijept.org
[17]	Koskei. E. C, Koskei. R. C, Koske. M. C and Koech. H. K, 2013. Effect of Socio-economic Factors on Access to Improved Water Sources and Basic Sanitation in Bomet Municipality, Kenya, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5 (12): 714-719, 2013 ISSN: 2041-0484; e-ISSN: 2041-0492
[18]	Challa Deyessa. 2011. An assessment of urban water supply and sanitation, the case of ambo town. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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APA Style

Dereje Abate Chekol, Tesfaye Gobena, Bezatu Mengiste. (2020). Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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ACS Style

Dereje Abate Chekol; Tesfaye Gobena; Bezatu Mengiste. Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2020, 5(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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AMA Style

Dereje Abate Chekol, Tesfaye Gobena, Bezatu Mengiste. Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2020;5(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11,
  author = {Dereje Abate Chekol and Tesfaye Gobena and Bezatu Mengiste},
  title = {Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20200501.11},
  abstract = {Access to improved water source for drinking and other domestic uses is a major developmental challenge in many developing countries like Ethiopia due to its different geological formations and climatic conditions water distribution is uneven spatial and temporal across Ethiopia country. Even though accessible water supply is a critical issue to ensure the quality of life there no study conduct on Water accessibility in Jigjiga town before, therefore this study was aimed to assess the accessibility of water supply and associated factors among residents of town on May 2016. Community based cross sectional study design was used and 408 households and 14 key informant was randomly and purposive selected for quantitative and qualitative approaches respectively. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.3 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. Overall 56.7% of households reported using an improved water source as the main source of drinking water supply within recommended distance and only 35.2% of households consume 20 liters per person per day and less than half households (44.8%) affordable to water supply access (pay less than five percent of their income). Combining these three indicators results only a fifth of households (19%) of households accessible to water supply that meet standard. Head of household with higher level of education [(AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.0, 18.06)] and those having private pipe water supply [(AOR=19.1, 95% CI: (5.1, 71.39)] were identified as positively significant associated factors with water accessibility compared to those who cannot read and write and those that share water from neighbor pipe respectively. Access to water supply in the study area was very low. Therefore, those local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve accessibility and reliability of water supply and closely supervise and monitor private water vendors. Further in-depth studies should also be encouraged to look for improved interventions.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia
AU  - Dereje Abate Chekol
AU  - Tesfaye Gobena
AU  - Bezatu Mengiste
Y1  - 2020/02/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
AB  - Access to improved water source for drinking and other domestic uses is a major developmental challenge in many developing countries like Ethiopia due to its different geological formations and climatic conditions water distribution is uneven spatial and temporal across Ethiopia country. Even though accessible water supply is a critical issue to ensure the quality of life there no study conduct on Water accessibility in Jigjiga town before, therefore this study was aimed to assess the accessibility of water supply and associated factors among residents of town on May 2016. Community based cross sectional study design was used and 408 households and 14 key informant was randomly and purposive selected for quantitative and qualitative approaches respectively. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.3 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. Overall 56.7% of households reported using an improved water source as the main source of drinking water supply within recommended distance and only 35.2% of households consume 20 liters per person per day and less than half households (44.8%) affordable to water supply access (pay less than five percent of their income). Combining these three indicators results only a fifth of households (19%) of households accessible to water supply that meet standard. Head of household with higher level of education [(AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.0, 18.06)] and those having private pipe water supply [(AOR=19.1, 95% CI: (5.1, 71.39)] were identified as positively significant associated factors with water accessibility compared to those who cannot read and write and those that share water from neighbor pipe respectively. Access to water supply in the study area was very low. Therefore, those local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve accessibility and reliability of water supply and closely supervise and monitor private water vendors. Further in-depth studies should also be encouraged to look for improved interventions.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Dereje Abate Chekol

College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Tesfaye Gobena

College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Bezatu Mengiste

College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Dereje Abate Chekol, Tesfaye Gobena, Bezatu Mengiste. (2020). Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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ACS Style

Dereje Abate Chekol; Tesfaye Gobena; Bezatu Mengiste. Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2020, 5(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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AMA Style

Dereje Abate Chekol, Tesfaye Gobena, Bezatu Mengiste. Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2020;5(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11,
  author = {Dereje Abate Chekol and Tesfaye Gobena and Bezatu Mengiste},
  title = {Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20200501.11},
  abstract = {Access to improved water source for drinking and other domestic uses is a major developmental challenge in many developing countries like Ethiopia due to its different geological formations and climatic conditions water distribution is uneven spatial and temporal across Ethiopia country. Even though accessible water supply is a critical issue to ensure the quality of life there no study conduct on Water accessibility in Jigjiga town before, therefore this study was aimed to assess the accessibility of water supply and associated factors among residents of town on May 2016. Community based cross sectional study design was used and 408 households and 14 key informant was randomly and purposive selected for quantitative and qualitative approaches respectively. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.3 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. Overall 56.7% of households reported using an improved water source as the main source of drinking water supply within recommended distance and only 35.2% of households consume 20 liters per person per day and less than half households (44.8%) affordable to water supply access (pay less than five percent of their income). Combining these three indicators results only a fifth of households (19%) of households accessible to water supply that meet standard. Head of household with higher level of education [(AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.0, 18.06)] and those having private pipe water supply [(AOR=19.1, 95% CI: (5.1, 71.39)] were identified as positively significant associated factors with water accessibility compared to those who cannot read and write and those that share water from neighbor pipe respectively. Access to water supply in the study area was very low. Therefore, those local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve accessibility and reliability of water supply and closely supervise and monitor private water vendors. Further in-depth studies should also be encouraged to look for improved interventions.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water Supply Accessibility and Associated Factors Among Households of Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia
AU  - Dereje Abate Chekol
AU  - Tesfaye Gobena
AU  - Bezatu Mengiste
Y1  - 2020/02/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20200501.11
AB  - Access to improved water source for drinking and other domestic uses is a major developmental challenge in many developing countries like Ethiopia due to its different geological formations and climatic conditions water distribution is uneven spatial and temporal across Ethiopia country. Even though accessible water supply is a critical issue to ensure the quality of life there no study conduct on Water accessibility in Jigjiga town before, therefore this study was aimed to assess the accessibility of water supply and associated factors among residents of town on May 2016. Community based cross sectional study design was used and 408 households and 14 key informant was randomly and purposive selected for quantitative and qualitative approaches respectively. All independent variables with p- value of < 0.3 at bivariate analysis were included in multivariate model to determine the predictors of the outcome variable, and to control the confounding factors. Overall 56.7% of households reported using an improved water source as the main source of drinking water supply within recommended distance and only 35.2% of households consume 20 liters per person per day and less than half households (44.8%) affordable to water supply access (pay less than five percent of their income). Combining these three indicators results only a fifth of households (19%) of households accessible to water supply that meet standard. Head of household with higher level of education [(AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.0, 18.06)] and those having private pipe water supply [(AOR=19.1, 95% CI: (5.1, 71.39)] were identified as positively significant associated factors with water accessibility compared to those who cannot read and write and those that share water from neighbor pipe respectively. Access to water supply in the study area was very low. Therefore, those local authorities must pay special emphasis to improve accessibility and reliability of water supply and closely supervise and monitor private water vendors. Further in-depth studies should also be encouraged to look for improved interventions.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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