Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20<sup>th</sup> Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland

Ayman Abdel Tawab

doi:doi:10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20^th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland

Ayman Abdel Tawab

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 18 March 2018 Accepted: 11 April 2018 Published: 29 June 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The finding of the under-representativity of 20^th century heritage properties on the World Heritage List urged many States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to nominate heritage properties representing this pattern for listing as World Heritage Sites. One of these properties is Paimio Hospital in Finland designed by Alvar Aalto. One of the major themes that have been adopted to justify the hospital’s Outstanding Universal Value is the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design. The main aim of this study was to explore the common themes and criteria that have been frequently adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20^th century heritage properties. The study also aimed at discussing the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital and the relevance of these considerations to the justifications of the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt. To achieve the previous aims, seven case studies representing recent heritage were adopted for the analysis of the common themes and criteria adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of recent heritage. One of the previous case studies, which is Paimio Hospital, was adopted for a further analysis of the humane considerations in its design. The findings revealed the diverse humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital. The findings also revealed that criterion (i) is one of the most frequently adopted criteria to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20^th century heritage properties. The study suggests that humane considerations in architecture can also be adopted to justify the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt.

Published in	Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
Page(s)	34-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heritage Management, Urban Conservation, 20^th Century Cultural Heritage, Alvar Aalto, Hassan Fathy, Paimio Hospital, World Heritage Sites

References

[1]	UNESCO, Expert Meeting on the "Global Strategy" and thematic studies for a representative World Heritage List. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 1994.
[2]	UNESCO, Glossary of World Heritage Terms. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1997.
[3]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, World Heritage Centre - Modern Heritage Programme [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/modernheritage/ [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[4]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paimio Hospital (formerly Paimio Sanatorium) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1864/ [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[5]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Alexandria, ancient remains and the new library - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1822/ [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[6]	UNESCO, Safeguarding project of Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village, A UNESCO initiative. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2011.
[7]	Joffroy, Thierry (ed.), WORLD HERITAGE Inventory of earthen architecture. Paris: CRATerre-ENSAG, 2012.
[8]	Abdel Tawab, Ayman G., “Unrecognized Earthen Heritage of Exceptional Value: The Contribution of the Properties Designed by Hassan Fathy towards the Significance, Authenticity and Integrity of the “Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis” World Heritage Site,” in US/ICOMOS, US/ICOMOS International Symposium, Confluence of Cultures: World Heritage in the Americas; Proc. Intern. Symp., San Antonio, 31 May-2 June 2012. San Antonio: US/ICOMOS Press.
[9]	National Board of Antiquities, NOMINATION OF PAIMIO HOSPITAL FOR INCLUSION IN THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST. Helsinki: National Board of Antiquities, 2005.
[10]	UNESCO, Basic Texts of the 1972 World Heritage Convention. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2005.
[11]	UNESCO, Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2017.
[12]	The author
[13]	UNESCO, WORLD HERITAGE LIST, The Bauhaus, No 729. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 1996.
[14]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/729 [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[15]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1005 [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[16]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Works of Antoni Gaudí - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/320 [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[17]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Sydney Opera House - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166 [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[18]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5249/ [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[19]	UNESCO World Heritage Centre, La grande mosquée de vendredi de Niono - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [Online]. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2018. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5440/ [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[20]	Bibliotheca Alexandria, Architecture for a Changing World. Alexandria: Bibliotheca Alexandria, 2007.
[21]	Alvar Aalto Museum, ALVAR AALTO’S JYVÄSKYLÄ. Jyväskylä: Alvar Aalto Museum, 2010.
[22]	Serageldin, Ismail, Hassan Fathy. Alexandria: the Bibliotheca Alexandria, 2007.
[23]	Steele, James, AN ARCHITECTURE FOR PEOPLE, THE COMPLETE WORKS OF HASSAN FATHY. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
[24]	Wanek, Catherine (2009). NATURAL BUILDING WITH EARTH. MOTHER EARTH NEWS June-July, 40-42.
[25]	Cuito, Aurora, ALVAR AALTO. Barcelona: teNeues, 2002.
[26]	Artek, Artek - Products – Armchairs [Online]. Helsinki: Artek, 2018. Available from: http://www.artek.fi/products [Accessed 3 April 2018].
[27]	Fleig, Karl, ALVAR AALTO Volume II 1963-1970. Basel: Birkauser Verlag, 2014.
[28]	Fleig, Karl, ALVAR AALTO Volume I 1922-1962. Basel: Birkauser Verlag, 2014.
[29]	Heikinheimo, Marianna, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY: Alvar Aalto’s PAIMIO SANATORIUM. Helsinki: Aalto University Publication series, 2016.
[30]	Abdel Tawab, Ayman G. (2018). The Conservation of New Gourna Village According to Hassan Fathy’s Philosophy and Ideas. Journal of Architecture and Planning 30 (1), 145-164.
[31]	Fathy, Hassan, Architecture for the Poor. Cairo: the American University in Cairo Press, 2000.
[32]	Abdel Tawab, A. G., “Hassan Fathy’s humane considerations in design and the significance of New Gourna,” in Mileto, C., Vegas López-Manzanares, F., García-Soriano, L., and Cristini, V. (eds.), Vernacular and Earthen Architecture, Conservation and Sustainability, SOStierra 2017 International Conference on Vernacular Earthen Architecture, Conservation and Sustainability; Proc. Intern. Conf., Valencia, 14-16 September 2017. London: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. (2018). Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 3(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2018, 3(2), 34-42. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2018;3(2):34-42. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13,
  author = {Ayman Abdel Tawab},
  title = {Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20180302.13},
  abstract = {The finding of the under-representativity of 20th century heritage properties on the World Heritage List urged many States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to nominate heritage properties representing this pattern for listing as World Heritage Sites. One of these properties is Paimio Hospital in Finland designed by Alvar Aalto. One of the major themes that have been adopted to justify the hospital’s Outstanding Universal Value is the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design. The main aim of this study was to explore the common themes and criteria that have been frequently adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study also aimed at discussing the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital and the relevance of these considerations to the justifications of the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt. To achieve the previous aims, seven case studies representing recent heritage were adopted for the analysis of the common themes and criteria adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of recent heritage. One of the previous case studies, which is Paimio Hospital, was adopted for a further analysis of the humane considerations in its design. The findings revealed the diverse humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital. The findings also revealed that criterion (i) is one of the most frequently adopted criteria to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study suggests that humane considerations in architecture can also be adopted to justify the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland
AU  - Ayman Abdel Tawab
Y1  - 2018/06/29
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 34
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
AB  - The finding of the under-representativity of 20th century heritage properties on the World Heritage List urged many States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to nominate heritage properties representing this pattern for listing as World Heritage Sites. One of these properties is Paimio Hospital in Finland designed by Alvar Aalto. One of the major themes that have been adopted to justify the hospital’s Outstanding Universal Value is the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design. The main aim of this study was to explore the common themes and criteria that have been frequently adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study also aimed at discussing the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital and the relevance of these considerations to the justifications of the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt. To achieve the previous aims, seven case studies representing recent heritage were adopted for the analysis of the common themes and criteria adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of recent heritage. One of the previous case studies, which is Paimio Hospital, was adopted for a further analysis of the humane considerations in its design. The findings revealed the diverse humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital. The findings also revealed that criterion (i) is one of the most frequently adopted criteria to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study suggests that humane considerations in architecture can also be adopted to justify the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ayman Abdel Tawab

Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. (2018). Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 3(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2018, 3(2), 34-42. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ayman Abdel Tawab. Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2018;3(2):34-42. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13,
  author = {Ayman Abdel Tawab},
  title = {Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20180302.13},
  abstract = {The finding of the under-representativity of 20th century heritage properties on the World Heritage List urged many States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to nominate heritage properties representing this pattern for listing as World Heritage Sites. One of these properties is Paimio Hospital in Finland designed by Alvar Aalto. One of the major themes that have been adopted to justify the hospital’s Outstanding Universal Value is the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design. The main aim of this study was to explore the common themes and criteria that have been frequently adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study also aimed at discussing the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital and the relevance of these considerations to the justifications of the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt. To achieve the previous aims, seven case studies representing recent heritage were adopted for the analysis of the common themes and criteria adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of recent heritage. One of the previous case studies, which is Paimio Hospital, was adopted for a further analysis of the humane considerations in its design. The findings revealed the diverse humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital. The findings also revealed that criterion (i) is one of the most frequently adopted criteria to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study suggests that humane considerations in architecture can also be adopted to justify the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Humane Considerations in Architecture and the Outstanding Universal Significance of 20th Century Cultural Heritage: The Case of Paimio Hospital in Finland
AU  - Ayman Abdel Tawab
Y1  - 2018/06/29
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 34
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20180302.13
AB  - The finding of the under-representativity of 20th century heritage properties on the World Heritage List urged many States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to nominate heritage properties representing this pattern for listing as World Heritage Sites. One of these properties is Paimio Hospital in Finland designed by Alvar Aalto. One of the major themes that have been adopted to justify the hospital’s Outstanding Universal Value is the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design. The main aim of this study was to explore the common themes and criteria that have been frequently adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study also aimed at discussing the humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital and the relevance of these considerations to the justifications of the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt. To achieve the previous aims, seven case studies representing recent heritage were adopted for the analysis of the common themes and criteria adopted to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of recent heritage. One of the previous case studies, which is Paimio Hospital, was adopted for a further analysis of the humane considerations in its design. The findings revealed the diverse humane considerations in Alvar Aalto’s design of Paimio Hospital. The findings also revealed that criterion (i) is one of the most frequently adopted criteria to justify the Outstanding Universal Value of 20th century heritage properties. The study suggests that humane considerations in architecture can also be adopted to justify the outstanding significance of Hassan Fathy’s heritage in Egypt.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download