Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands

Fahmy F. F. Asal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands

Fahmy F. F. Asal

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 30 October 2016 Accepted: 29 November 2016 Published: 21 January 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Landscape modeling is considered as a main objective of any terrain investigation operation that is usually performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the earth’s surface. Quantitative studies of the terrain landscape demands acquisition of extensive high-resolution topographic data for the extraction of the earth’s surface parameters and the landscape components through exploitation of the main products of the topographic data namely; the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as inputs. Engineering surveying methods can provide high quality digital elevation measurements that can be utilized in the creation of the DEMs necessary for landscape modeling processes. Different factors such as; the data source, the original point data density, the spatial resolution and interpolation scheme determines the quality of the generated DEM which intern affects the process of the landscape modeling. This research is focused towards investigating the effects of the spatial resolution on the quality of the DEM as a main input in landscape modeling operations. Real elevation measurements collected from a test site close to Cairo, Egypt have been used in creation of DEMs with varying resolutions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied on that DEMs through the application of 3D visual analysis, the statistical analysis of residual DEMs, analysis of contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs, profiling at mild terrain landscapes and finally profiling at rough terrain landscapes. The analysis has shown decrease in terrain corrugations and landscape details with the decrease in grid resolution. In addition, coarser tone and coarser texture 3D views have been obtained from lower resolution DEMs. The statistical analysis of the residual DEMs has indicated decrease in the ranges of elevation residuals and increase in the mean standard errors of the residual DEMs due to degradations of the DEM resolution. Analysis of the residual contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs has shown decreases in the residual contour-line concentrations with the decrease in the DEM resolutions. Additionally, there has been increasing deterioration in the extracted profiles with increasing the size of the grid cells which makes the profiles to be increasingly stepped. Moreover, degradations in the DEM grid resolution have produced bigger deteriorations of the extracted profiles at rough terrain landscapes than that at mild terrain landscapes.

Published in	Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
Page(s)	38-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Landscape Modeling, DTM/DEM/DSM, 3D Visualization, Spatial Resolution, Terrain Analysis, Topographic Mapping

References

[1]	E. Sánchez-García, A. Balaguer-Beser, Rui Taborda, J. E. Pardo-Pascual. 2016. Modeling Landscape Morphodynamics by Terrestrial Photogrammetry: An Application to Beach and Fluvial Systems. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B8, 2016 XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12–19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic.
[2]	A. Kastuari, D. Suwardhi, H. Hanan, K. Wikantika. 2016. State of the Art of the Landscape Architecture Spatial Data Model from a Geospatial Perspective. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume IV-2/W1, 2016 11th 3D Geoinfo Conference, 20–21 October 2016, Athens, Greece.
[3]	P. Li and P. Petschek. 2014. from Landscape Surveying to Landscape Design – A Case Study in Nanjing, P. R. China. Proceedings of Digital Landscape Architecture 2014 at ETH Zurich.
[4]	J.-K. Liu, K.-H. Hsiao, and P. T;-Y. Shih, 2012. A Geomorphological Model for Landslide Detection Using Airborne LiDAR Data. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 629-638 (2012) DOI: 10.6119/JMST-012-0412-1.
[5]	O. E. Mora, M. G. Lenzano, C. K. Toth, D. A. Grejner-Brzezinska. 2014. Analyzing the Effects of Spatial Resolution for Small Landslide Susceptibility and Hazard Mapping. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1, 2014 ISPRS Technical Commission I Symposium, 17 – 20 November 2014, Denver, Colorado, USA.
[6]	I. V. Florinsky (1998). Combined analysis of digital terrain models and remotely sensed data in landscape investigations. Progress in Physical Geography 22, 1 (1998) pp. 33±60.
[7]	D. B. Gesch. 2014. An Inventory of Topographic Surface Changes: The Value of Multi- Temporal Elevation Data for Change Analysis and Monitoring. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-4, 2014 ISPRS Technical Commission IV Symposium, 14 – 16 May 2014, Suzhou, China.
[8]	J. Wajs. 2015. Research on surveying technology applied for DTM modeling and volume computation. Mining Science, vol. 22, 2015, 75−83, ISSN 2300-9586.
[9]	L. Hu, Z. He, J. Liu and C. Zheng. 2015. Method for Measuring the Information Content of Terrain from Digital Elevation Models. Entropy 2015, 17, 7021-7051; doi: 10.3390/e17107021.
[10]	X. Liu, 2008. Airborne LiDAR for DEM generation: Some critical issues. Progress in Physical Geography 32: 31–49.
[11]	M. J. Smith and C. D Clark, 2005, Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30: 885–900.
[12]	S. Anbarasan and R Sakthivel, 2013. Dome Structure Derived From Digital Close Range Photogrammetry: A Case Study From Kadavur Area, Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Int. Journal of Advances in Remote Sensing and GIS, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013.
[13]	N. Gonga-Saholiariliva, Y. Gunnell, C. Petit, C. Mering, 2011, Techniques for quantifying the accuracy of gridded elevation models and for mapping uncertainty in digital terrain analysis, The Journal of Progress in Physical Geography 1–26, sagepub.co.uk/journalspermissions.nav, SAGE.
[14]	A. P. Ozah and O. Kufoniyi 2008, Accuracy Assessment of Contour Interpolation from 1:50,000 Topographical Maps and SRTM Data for 1:25,000 Topographical Mapping, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7, Commission VII, WG VII/7, Beijing 2008.
[15]	U. Kamp, T. Bolch, and J. Olsenholler 2003. DEM Generation from ASTER satellite data for geomorphometric analysis of Cerro Sillajhuay, Chile/Bolivia. Proceedings Annual Meeting Imaging and Geospatial Information Society (ASPRS), 5–9 May, Anchorage, USA.
[16]	W. Karl, N. Pfeifer, and C., Briese, 2006. DTM quality assessment. Working Group 11/7, 2006.
[17]	C. Zhu,, W. Shi, Q. Li, G. Wang,, T. C. K Cheung, E. Dai, and G. Y. K. Shea. 2005. Estimation of Average DEM Accuracy under Linear Interpolation Considering Random Errors at the Nodes of TIN Model, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 26, Number 24, 01D2005, pp. 5509-5523 (15).
[18]	R. H. Erskine, T. R. Green, J. A. Ramirez, L. H. Macdonald, 2004. Analysis of DEM accuracy, grid cell size, and alternative flow routing algorithms for estimating topographic attributes. Annual Hydrology Days Conference Proceedings. Fort Collins, CO. March 10-12, 2004.
[19]	P. Zandbergen, 2006, The effect of cell resolution on depressions in Digital Elevation Models. Applied GIS 2 (1). VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1, pp. 4.1–4.35. DOI: 10.2104/ag060004.
[20]	T. E. Chow, and M. E. Hodgson, 2009. Effects of LiDAR Post-Spacing and DEM Resolution to Mean Slope Estimation. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 23, No. 10, October 2009, 1277–1295.
[21]	F. M. Ziadat, 2007. Effect of Contour Intervals and Grid Cell Size on the Accuracy of DEMs and Slope Derivatives. Transactions in GIS, Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 67–81.
[22]	A. T. Haile, and T. H. Rientjes,. 2005. Effects of LiDAR DEM Resolution In Flood Modelling: a Model Sensitivity Study for the City of Tegucigalpa, Honduras. ISPRS WG III/3, III/4, V/3 Workshop "Laser scanning 2005", Enschede, the Netherlands, September 12-14, 2005.
[23]	A. Sharma, K. N. Tiwari and P. B. S. Bhadoria, 2010. Quality Assessment of Contour Interpolated Digital Elevation Models in a Diverse Topography. International Journal of Ecology & Development, Volume 15, Number W10, ISSN 0973-7038 (Online).
[24]	J. Jensen, 2005. Introductory Digital Image Processing – a Remote Sensing Perspective. Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458. USA.
[25]	J. Jensen. 2000. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07458.
[26]	T. M. Lillesand, and R. W. Keifer. 2000. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. (2017). Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 1(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2017, 1(1), 38-48. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2017;1(1):38-48. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16,
  author = {Fahmy F. F. Asal},
  title = {Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20160101.16},
  abstract = {Landscape modeling is considered as a main objective of any terrain investigation operation that is usually performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the earth’s surface. Quantitative studies of the terrain landscape demands acquisition of extensive high-resolution topographic data for the extraction of the earth’s surface parameters and the landscape components through exploitation of the main products of the topographic data namely; the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as inputs. Engineering surveying methods can provide high quality digital elevation measurements that can be utilized in the creation of the DEMs necessary for landscape modeling processes. Different factors such as; the data source, the original point data density, the spatial resolution and interpolation scheme determines the quality of the generated DEM which intern affects the process of the landscape modeling. This research is focused towards investigating the effects of the spatial resolution on the quality of the DEM as a main input in landscape modeling operations. Real elevation measurements collected from a test site close to Cairo, Egypt have been used in creation of DEMs with varying resolutions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied on that DEMs through the application of 3D visual analysis, the statistical analysis of residual DEMs, analysis of contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs, profiling at mild terrain landscapes and finally profiling at rough terrain landscapes. The analysis has shown decrease in terrain corrugations and landscape details with the decrease in grid resolution. In addition, coarser tone and coarser texture 3D views have been obtained from lower resolution DEMs. The statistical analysis of the residual DEMs has indicated decrease in the ranges of elevation residuals and increase in the mean standard errors of the residual DEMs due to degradations of the DEM resolution. Analysis of the residual contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs has shown decreases in the residual contour-line concentrations with the decrease in the DEM resolutions. Additionally, there has been increasing deterioration in the extracted profiles with increasing the size of the grid cells which makes the profiles to be increasingly stepped. Moreover, degradations in the DEM grid resolution have produced bigger deteriorations of the extracted profiles at rough terrain landscapes than that at mild terrain landscapes.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands
AU  - Fahmy F. F. Asal
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 38
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
AB  - Landscape modeling is considered as a main objective of any terrain investigation operation that is usually performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the earth’s surface. Quantitative studies of the terrain landscape demands acquisition of extensive high-resolution topographic data for the extraction of the earth’s surface parameters and the landscape components through exploitation of the main products of the topographic data namely; the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as inputs. Engineering surveying methods can provide high quality digital elevation measurements that can be utilized in the creation of the DEMs necessary for landscape modeling processes. Different factors such as; the data source, the original point data density, the spatial resolution and interpolation scheme determines the quality of the generated DEM which intern affects the process of the landscape modeling. This research is focused towards investigating the effects of the spatial resolution on the quality of the DEM as a main input in landscape modeling operations. Real elevation measurements collected from a test site close to Cairo, Egypt have been used in creation of DEMs with varying resolutions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied on that DEMs through the application of 3D visual analysis, the statistical analysis of residual DEMs, analysis of contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs, profiling at mild terrain landscapes and finally profiling at rough terrain landscapes. The analysis has shown decrease in terrain corrugations and landscape details with the decrease in grid resolution. In addition, coarser tone and coarser texture 3D views have been obtained from lower resolution DEMs. The statistical analysis of the residual DEMs has indicated decrease in the ranges of elevation residuals and increase in the mean standard errors of the residual DEMs due to degradations of the DEM resolution. Analysis of the residual contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs has shown decreases in the residual contour-line concentrations with the decrease in the DEM resolutions. Additionally, there has been increasing deterioration in the extracted profiles with increasing the size of the grid cells which makes the profiles to be increasingly stepped. Moreover, degradations in the DEM grid resolution have produced bigger deteriorations of the extracted profiles at rough terrain landscapes than that at mild terrain landscapes.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Fahmy F. F. Asal

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. (2017). Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 1(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2017, 1(1), 38-48. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Fahmy F. F. Asal. Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2017;1(1):38-48. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16,
  author = {Fahmy F. F. Asal},
  title = {Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20160101.16},
  abstract = {Landscape modeling is considered as a main objective of any terrain investigation operation that is usually performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the earth’s surface. Quantitative studies of the terrain landscape demands acquisition of extensive high-resolution topographic data for the extraction of the earth’s surface parameters and the landscape components through exploitation of the main products of the topographic data namely; the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as inputs. Engineering surveying methods can provide high quality digital elevation measurements that can be utilized in the creation of the DEMs necessary for landscape modeling processes. Different factors such as; the data source, the original point data density, the spatial resolution and interpolation scheme determines the quality of the generated DEM which intern affects the process of the landscape modeling. This research is focused towards investigating the effects of the spatial resolution on the quality of the DEM as a main input in landscape modeling operations. Real elevation measurements collected from a test site close to Cairo, Egypt have been used in creation of DEMs with varying resolutions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied on that DEMs through the application of 3D visual analysis, the statistical analysis of residual DEMs, analysis of contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs, profiling at mild terrain landscapes and finally profiling at rough terrain landscapes. The analysis has shown decrease in terrain corrugations and landscape details with the decrease in grid resolution. In addition, coarser tone and coarser texture 3D views have been obtained from lower resolution DEMs. The statistical analysis of the residual DEMs has indicated decrease in the ranges of elevation residuals and increase in the mean standard errors of the residual DEMs due to degradations of the DEM resolution. Analysis of the residual contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs has shown decreases in the residual contour-line concentrations with the decrease in the DEM resolutions. Additionally, there has been increasing deterioration in the extracted profiles with increasing the size of the grid cells which makes the profiles to be increasingly stepped. Moreover, degradations in the DEM grid resolution have produced bigger deteriorations of the extracted profiles at rough terrain landscapes than that at mild terrain landscapes.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Landscape Modeling with the Use of Ground Surveying Spot Elevation Measurements at Bare Lands
AU  - Fahmy F. F. Asal
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 38
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20160101.16
AB  - Landscape modeling is considered as a main objective of any terrain investigation operation that is usually performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the earth’s surface. Quantitative studies of the terrain landscape demands acquisition of extensive high-resolution topographic data for the extraction of the earth’s surface parameters and the landscape components through exploitation of the main products of the topographic data namely; the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as inputs. Engineering surveying methods can provide high quality digital elevation measurements that can be utilized in the creation of the DEMs necessary for landscape modeling processes. Different factors such as; the data source, the original point data density, the spatial resolution and interpolation scheme determines the quality of the generated DEM which intern affects the process of the landscape modeling. This research is focused towards investigating the effects of the spatial resolution on the quality of the DEM as a main input in landscape modeling operations. Real elevation measurements collected from a test site close to Cairo, Egypt have been used in creation of DEMs with varying resolutions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied on that DEMs through the application of 3D visual analysis, the statistical analysis of residual DEMs, analysis of contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs, profiling at mild terrain landscapes and finally profiling at rough terrain landscapes. The analysis has shown decrease in terrain corrugations and landscape details with the decrease in grid resolution. In addition, coarser tone and coarser texture 3D views have been obtained from lower resolution DEMs. The statistical analysis of the residual DEMs has indicated decrease in the ranges of elevation residuals and increase in the mean standard errors of the residual DEMs due to degradations of the DEM resolution. Analysis of the residual contour-line maps generated from the residual DEMs has shown decreases in the residual contour-line concentrations with the decrease in the DEM resolutions. Additionally, there has been increasing deterioration in the extracted profiles with increasing the size of the grid cells which makes the profiles to be increasingly stepped. Moreover, degradations in the DEM grid resolution have produced bigger deteriorations of the extracted profiles at rough terrain landscapes than that at mild terrain landscapes.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download