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Compact Feeding Circuit for an Antenna That Achieves Three-Way Switchable Beam Directions Using Lumped Parameter Elements

Received: 8 August 2021     Accepted: 24 August 2021     Published: 17 August 2022
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Abstract

There have been a number of studies on phased array antennas and adaptive antennas as directional antennas that can be scanned electronically. However, these antenna systems require expensive phase shifters and power controllers, and their construction is complex. Small and relatively inexpensive antenna system, in which the beam is scanned or the beam direction is switched electronically, are expected for consumer applications. This research presents a compact feeding circuit for an antenna which enables its beam to be switched in three directions using lumped parameter elements. The circuit was designed and constructed in such a way that the transmission lines of two conventional rat-race circuits were replaced with phase shifters which utilize lumped elements. The proposed circuit has a single input port and four output ports for connection to the antennas, and can obtain phase differences of ±90° and 0° between antennas. The prototype was fabricated and evaluated at 1 GHz. The measured values were very consistent with the theory. The phase difference and magnitude errors between the antennas were -2.5 ~ +2.6°, -0.4.8 ~ +0.45dB with the SW1-setting, and -1.8 ~ +7.1°, -0.54 ~ +0.45dB with the SW3-setting. The area of the prototype fabricated this time was 8 × 7 mm, and reduced to 1/216 in comparison with the conventional circuit.

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14
Page(s) 158-161
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rat-Race Circuit, Hybrid Ring, Phase Shifter, Array Antenna, Multi Beam Antenna, Butler Matrix, Feeding Circuit, Phased Array antenna

References
[1] Masatoshi Tsuji, Japan, Patent pending NO. 2005-184661 (January 2005).
[2] R. J. Mailloux, Phased Array Antenna Handbook. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1994.
[3] R. C. Hansen, Phased Array Antenna. New York: Wiley, 1998.
[4] N. Fourikis, Phased Array-Based Systems and Applications. New York: Wiley, 1997.
[5] A. A. Tolkachev, V. V. Denisenko, A. V. Shishlov, A. G. Shubov, “High gain antenna systems for millimeter wave radars with combined electronical and Mechanical” 1996 IEEE Phased Array Systems and Technology International Symp. pp. 266-271, Oct. 1996.
[6] K. Chang, M. Y. Li, T. Y. Yun, C. T. Rodenbeck, “Novel low-cost beam-steering techniques,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 618-627, May. 2002.
[7] B. Widrow, P. E. Mantey, L. J. Griffiths, B. B. Goode, “Adaptive antenna systems,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 2143-2159, Dec. 1967.
[8] M. Tsuji, T. Nishikawa, K. Wakino, T. Kitazawa, “An accurate measurement method of high permittivity materials by numerical analysis of coplanar waveguide,”2005 IEEE MTT-S Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, vol. 4, pp. 2374-2377, Dec. 2005.
[9] M. Hashiguchi, J. Cheng, K. Iigusa, E. Taillefer, A. Hirata, T. Ohira, “ESPER antenna design and prototyping for wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” IEICE Trans., vol. J85-B no. 12, pp. 2245-2256, Dec. 2002.
[10] Y. Urata, M. Haneishi, Y. Kimura, “Beam-adjustable Planar arrays composed of microstrip antennas,” IEICE Trans., vol. J87-C, no. 1, pp. 100-111, Jan. 2004.
[11] M. Tsuji, T. Nishikawa, K. Wakino, T. Kitazawa, “Bi-directionally fed phased array antenna with variable impedance phase shifter for ISM band,” 2006 IEEE MTT-S Radio and Wireless Symposium, WE4B-4, Jan. 2006.
[12] J. Butler, R. Lowe, “Beamforming matrix simplifies design of electronically scanned antennas”, Electron. Des., 1961, 9, pp. 170-173.
[13] M. Koubeissi, C. Decroze, T. Monediere and B. Jecko, “Switched-beam antenna based on novel design of Butler Matrices with broadside beam,” ELECTRONICS LETTERS vol. 41, no. 20, September 2005.
[14] Masatoshi Tsuji, Toshio Nishikawa, Kikuo Wakino and Toshihide Kitazawa. “Compact Array Antenna with Hybrid Matrix Controlling Beams to Three Directions Including Boresight,” IEICE, Vol. J90-B, no. 3, pp. 280-287 Mar. 2007.
[15] Masatoshi Tsuji, “Compact feed circuit with rat-race matrix that achieves three switchable beam directions including the boresight,” IEICE Transactions 2011, Vol. J94-B No. 3.
[16] Takuya Shimamoto, Masatoshi Tsuji, “Compact Feed Matrix Circuit with Rat-race Structure that Achieves Three-way Switchable Beam Directions,” IEEJ Transactions C, Vol. 135 No 8, pp. 1028-1029, Aug. 2015. DOI: 10.1541/ieejeiss.135.1028.
[17] Masatoshi Tsuji, “Compact Rat-Race Circuit Using Lumped Parameter Elements,” IEICE Transactions C, Vol. J96-C, No. 12, pp. 550-551, 2013.
[18] Tomohiro Utsuji, Masatoshi Tsuji, “Fabrication and Evaluation of a Compact Rat-Race Circuit Using Lumped Parameter Elements,” IEEJ Transactions C, Vol. 135, No. 8, pp. 1030-1031, Aug. 2015.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Masatoshi Tsuji, Kota Motozuka. (2022). Compact Feeding Circuit for an Antenna That Achieves Three-Way Switchable Beam Directions Using Lumped Parameter Elements. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 10(4), 158-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14

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    ACS Style

    Masatoshi Tsuji; Kota Motozuka. Compact Feeding Circuit for an Antenna That Achieves Three-Way Switchable Beam Directions Using Lumped Parameter Elements. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 158-161. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14

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    AMA Style

    Masatoshi Tsuji, Kota Motozuka. Compact Feeding Circuit for an Antenna That Achieves Three-Way Switchable Beam Directions Using Lumped Parameter Elements. J Electr Electron Eng. 2022;10(4):158-161. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14,
      author = {Masatoshi Tsuji and Kota Motozuka},
      title = {Compact Feeding Circuit for an Antenna That Achieves Three-Way Switchable Beam Directions Using Lumped Parameter Elements},
      journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {158-161},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20221004.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20221004.14},
      abstract = {There have been a number of studies on phased array antennas and adaptive antennas as directional antennas that can be scanned electronically. However, these antenna systems require expensive phase shifters and power controllers, and their construction is complex. Small and relatively inexpensive antenna system, in which the beam is scanned or the beam direction is switched electronically, are expected for consumer applications. This research presents a compact feeding circuit for an antenna which enables its beam to be switched in three directions using lumped parameter elements. The circuit was designed and constructed in such a way that the transmission lines of two conventional rat-race circuits were replaced with phase shifters which utilize lumped elements. The proposed circuit has a single input port and four output ports for connection to the antennas, and can obtain phase differences of ±90° and 0° between antennas. The prototype was fabricated and evaluated at 1 GHz. The measured values were very consistent with the theory. The phase difference and magnitude errors between the antennas were -2.5 ~ +2.6°, -0.4.8 ~ +0.45dB with the SW1-setting, and -1.8 ~ +7.1°, -0.54 ~ +0.45dB with the SW3-setting. The area of the prototype fabricated this time was 8 × 7 mm, and reduced to 1/216 in comparison with the conventional circuit.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AU  - Masatoshi Tsuji
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    JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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    AB  - There have been a number of studies on phased array antennas and adaptive antennas as directional antennas that can be scanned electronically. However, these antenna systems require expensive phase shifters and power controllers, and their construction is complex. Small and relatively inexpensive antenna system, in which the beam is scanned or the beam direction is switched electronically, are expected for consumer applications. This research presents a compact feeding circuit for an antenna which enables its beam to be switched in three directions using lumped parameter elements. The circuit was designed and constructed in such a way that the transmission lines of two conventional rat-race circuits were replaced with phase shifters which utilize lumped elements. The proposed circuit has a single input port and four output ports for connection to the antennas, and can obtain phase differences of ±90° and 0° between antennas. The prototype was fabricated and evaluated at 1 GHz. The measured values were very consistent with the theory. The phase difference and magnitude errors between the antennas were -2.5 ~ +2.6°, -0.4.8 ~ +0.45dB with the SW1-setting, and -1.8 ~ +7.1°, -0.54 ~ +0.45dB with the SW3-setting. The area of the prototype fabricated this time was 8 × 7 mm, and reduced to 1/216 in comparison with the conventional circuit.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 4
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Author Information
  • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kagawa National College of Technology, Takamatsu-shi, Japan

  • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kagawa National College of Technology, Takamatsu-shi, Japan

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