| Peer-Reviewed

Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions

Received: 31 July 2018     Accepted: 23 August 2018     Published: 13 October 2018
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in many spheres of human activity. In conditions of strong urban development, the radio communication channel with UAV is multi-path, which leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the transfer of useful information. Ensuring reliable and qualitative communication depends on the correct choice of the frequency range and the type of modulation used. Multiposition signals of M-PSK, M-QAM, M-FSK formats are considered. Due to the complexity of the mathematical description of such a radio channel, a computer simulation method was used to obtain the results. A multipath propagation model with a number of beams up to 10 is used. The dependencies of the probability of erroneous reception of information on the parameters of the communication channel are obtained: the signal-to-noise ratio, the number and intensity of the propagation paths. The energy parameters of the radio channel are calculated and the optimal frequency range is estimated from the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. It is indicated that the best in this criterion is the operating frequency range of 2-5 GHz. Calculations showed that the transmission coefficient of the radio channel is unstable and varies greatly in frequency. When using narrow-band signals M-PSK, M-QAM, this can lead to a situation where the signal can get into the "bad" frequency band and the quality of information transfer will decrease significantly. In connection with this, a radio channel with multiposition frequency modulation M-FSK was studied, when the transmission of discrete information is carried out using multiple parcels with different frequencies falling into both "bad" and "good" frequency zones. The results of the study showed that the probability of BER error in some cases improves by times compared to M-PSK and M-QAM. This allows us to talk about the prospects for the M-FSK format. Considering the good performance of this format, further studies are planned in the direction of using M-FSK format signals and their prospective version of M-CPFSK (multi-position frequency modulated signals with a continuous phase) in the considered radio channel with different modulation and positioning indices, in particular CPFSK with modulation indices of 0.5 and 0.75, together with MIMO and OFDM systems. The obtained results can be used in the design of modern and promising UAV-to-ground communication systems.

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11
Page(s) 104-110
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Digital Communication Systems, Multipath Transmission, High Level of Urban Development

References
[1] Reg Austin, "Unmanned Aircraft Systems: UAVS Design, Development and Deployment"; John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2010, 372 р., ISBN: 978-0-470-05819-0.
[2] Y. Okumura, E. Ohmori, T. Kawano, and K. Fukuda, "Field strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land mobile radio service", Rev. Inst. Elec. Eng., 1968, V. 16, №9-10, pp. 825-873.
[3] Hata M., "Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio service", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 1980, v. VT-29, no. 3, pp. 317-325.
[4] Yuvraj Singh. "Comparison of Okumura, Hata and COST-231 Models onthe Basis of Path Loss and Signal Strength", International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012, Vol. 59, No. 11, December, pp. 37-41.
[5] Rafhael Amorim, Huan Nguyen, Preben Mogensen, "Radio Channel Modeling for UAV Communication Over Cellular Networks", IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. Volume: 6, Issue: 4, Aug. 2017.
[6] D. W. Matolak, R. Sun, "Air-ground channel characterization for unmanned aircraft systems: The hilly suburban environment", Proc. IEEE 80th Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC Fall), pp. 1-5, Sep. 2014.
[7] D. W. Matolak, R. Sun, "Air-ground channel characterization for unmanned aircraft systems: The near-urban environment", Proc. IEEE Mil. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM), pp. 1656-1660, Oct. 2015.
[8] D. W. Matolak and R. Sun, "Unmanned aircraft systems: air-ground channel characterization for future applications", IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 79–85, Jun. 2015.
[9] Q. Feng, J. McGeehan, E. K. Tameh and A. R. Nix, "Path Loss Models for Air-to-Ground Radio Channels in Urban Environments", in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol Conf. (VTC-Spring’06), Melbourne, Australia, May 2006, pp. 2901-2905.
[10] Q. Feng, E. K. Tameh, A. R. Nix and J. McGeehan, "Modelling the Likelihood of Line-of-Sight for Air-to-Ground Radio Propagation in Urban Environments", in Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM’06), San Francisco, USA, Dec. 2006, pp. 1-5.
[11] A. Al-Hourani, S. Kandeepan and A. Jamalipour, "Modeling Air-to-Ground Path Loss for Low Altitude Platforms in Urban Environments", in Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM’14), Austin, USA, Dec. 2014, pp. 2898-2904.
[12] D. W. Matolak and R. Sun, "Air–Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems–Part I: Methods Measurements and Models for Over-Water Settings", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 26-44, 2017.
[13] R. Sun and D. W. Matolak, "Air–Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems–Part II: Hilly and Mountainous Settings", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1913-1925, 2017.
[14] D. W. Matolak and R. Sun, "Air–Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems–Part III: The Suburban and Near-Urban Environments", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 6607-6618, 2017.
[15] R. Sun and D. W. Matolak, "Air–Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Part–IV: Airframe Shadowing", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 7643-7652, 2017.
[16] Li Bing, "Study on Modeling of Communication Channel of UAV", Journal Procedia Computer Science, Volume 107, Issue C, April 2017, pp. 550-557.
[17] Zhihong Qiu, Xi Chu, Cesar Calvo-Ramirez, César Briso, and Xue-feng Yin, "Low Altitude UAV Air-to-Ground Channel Measurement and Modeling in Semiurban Environments", Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Volume 2017.
[18] İsmet Çuhadar and Mahir Dursun, "Unmanned Air Vehicle System’s Data Links", Journal of Automation and Control Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, June 2016, рр. 189 -193.
[19] V. M. Sineglazov, A. O. Kuzmenko, "UAV communication link design", Electronics and Control Systems, 2015, no. 4 (46), pp. 72-76.
[20] Boev N. M., "Methods of increasing spectral and energy efficiency in digital communication systems with unmanned aerial vehicles", Proceedings of MIPT, Moscow, Russia, 2014, V. 6, № 2, pp. 162-166.
[21] Kulikov G., Tambovskiy S., Belousov O., Shebakpolskiy M., "Advanced Methods of Signal Processing in Communication Systems with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", Proceedings - The Second International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication En&T-2015, Moscow, Russia, 2015, pp. 38-40.
[22] Kulikov G. V., "Interference immunity of receivers of modulated signals with a continuous phase in the presence of non-fluctuation interference", Radiotechnika, Moscow, Russia, 2003, №7, pp. 21-27.
[23] Kulikov G. V., Belousov O. B., "Multi-H CPM Signal Format Selection for Communication Systems with Complex Jamming Environment", Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication, En&T-2014, Moscow, Russia, 2014, pp. 43-45.
[24] Seybold J. S., "Introduction to RF propagation", Willy Interscience Inc., 2005, 352 р., ISBN: 978-0-471-65596-1.
[25] Sklar B., "Digital Communications: Fundamentals & Applications", 2 Edition; Pearson Education, 2009, 1164 p., ISBN: 9788131720929, 8131720926.
[26] Z. Wu, H. Kumar, and A. Davari, “Performance evaluation of OFDM transmission in UAV wireless communication,” Proceedings of the thirty-seventh southeastern symposium on system theory, pp. 6–10, 2005.
[27] J. Chen, B. Daneshrad and W. Zhu, “MIMO Performance Evaluation for Airborne Wireless Communication Systems,” inProc. IEEE Mil. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM’11), Baltimore, USA, Nov. 2011, pp. 1827-1832.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Gennady Kulikov, Alexander Nesterov, Andrey Leluh. (2018). Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 6(4), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Gennady Kulikov; Alexander Nesterov; Andrey Leluh. Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2018, 6(4), 104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Gennady Kulikov, Alexander Nesterov, Andrey Leluh. Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions. J Electr Electron Eng. 2018;6(4):104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11,
      author = {Gennady Kulikov and Alexander Nesterov and Andrey Leluh},
      title = {Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions},
      journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {104-110},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20180604.11},
      abstract = {Modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in many spheres of human activity. In conditions of strong urban development, the radio communication channel with UAV is multi-path, which leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the transfer of useful information. Ensuring reliable and qualitative communication depends on the correct choice of the frequency range and the type of modulation used. Multiposition signals of M-PSK, M-QAM, M-FSK formats are considered. Due to the complexity of the mathematical description of such a radio channel, a computer simulation method was used to obtain the results. A multipath propagation model with a number of beams up to 10 is used. The dependencies of the probability of erroneous reception of information on the parameters of the communication channel are obtained: the signal-to-noise ratio, the number and intensity of the propagation paths. The energy parameters of the radio channel are calculated and the optimal frequency range is estimated from the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. It is indicated that the best in this criterion is the operating frequency range of 2-5 GHz. Calculations showed that the transmission coefficient of the radio channel is unstable and varies greatly in frequency. When using narrow-band signals M-PSK, M-QAM, this can lead to a situation where the signal can get into the "bad" frequency band and the quality of information transfer will decrease significantly. In connection with this, a radio channel with multiposition frequency modulation M-FSK was studied, when the transmission of discrete information is carried out using multiple parcels with different frequencies falling into both "bad" and "good" frequency zones. The results of the study showed that the probability of BER error in some cases improves by times compared to M-PSK and M-QAM. This allows us to talk about the prospects for the M-FSK format. Considering the good performance of this format, further studies are planned in the direction of using M-FSK format signals and their prospective version of M-CPFSK (multi-position frequency modulated signals with a continuous phase) in the considered radio channel with different modulation and positioning indices, in particular CPFSK with modulation indices of 0.5 and 0.75, together with MIMO and OFDM systems. The obtained results can be used in the design of modern and promising UAV-to-ground communication systems.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Simulation of the Radio Communication Channel with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Urban Conditions
    AU  - Gennady Kulikov
    AU  - Alexander Nesterov
    AU  - Andrey Leluh
    Y1  - 2018/10/13
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11
    T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    SP  - 104
    EP  - 110
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1605
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180604.11
    AB  - Modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in many spheres of human activity. In conditions of strong urban development, the radio communication channel with UAV is multi-path, which leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the transfer of useful information. Ensuring reliable and qualitative communication depends on the correct choice of the frequency range and the type of modulation used. Multiposition signals of M-PSK, M-QAM, M-FSK formats are considered. Due to the complexity of the mathematical description of such a radio channel, a computer simulation method was used to obtain the results. A multipath propagation model with a number of beams up to 10 is used. The dependencies of the probability of erroneous reception of information on the parameters of the communication channel are obtained: the signal-to-noise ratio, the number and intensity of the propagation paths. The energy parameters of the radio channel are calculated and the optimal frequency range is estimated from the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. It is indicated that the best in this criterion is the operating frequency range of 2-5 GHz. Calculations showed that the transmission coefficient of the radio channel is unstable and varies greatly in frequency. When using narrow-band signals M-PSK, M-QAM, this can lead to a situation where the signal can get into the "bad" frequency band and the quality of information transfer will decrease significantly. In connection with this, a radio channel with multiposition frequency modulation M-FSK was studied, when the transmission of discrete information is carried out using multiple parcels with different frequencies falling into both "bad" and "good" frequency zones. The results of the study showed that the probability of BER error in some cases improves by times compared to M-PSK and M-QAM. This allows us to talk about the prospects for the M-FSK format. Considering the good performance of this format, further studies are planned in the direction of using M-FSK format signals and their prospective version of M-CPFSK (multi-position frequency modulated signals with a continuous phase) in the considered radio channel with different modulation and positioning indices, in particular CPFSK with modulation indices of 0.5 and 0.75, together with MIMO and OFDM systems. The obtained results can be used in the design of modern and promising UAV-to-ground communication systems.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Institute of Radio-Technical and Telecommunication Systems, Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia

  • Automatics Concern, Joint-stock Company, Moscow, Russia

  • Institute of Radio-Technical and Telecommunication Systems, Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia

  • Sections